Insecurity has worsened in Northwest Nigeria, due to the threat of armed banditry, necessitating the deployments and operations of the military. While there is increasing academic attention on the ...origins, causes, and nature of this threat, the conduct, achievements, prospects, and challenges of the military's counter-banditism response in the region remains understudied. Accordingly, foregrounded by the need to close this gap, this qualitative study contributes to the literature through organised empirical research by examining the conduct, achievements, prospects, and challenges of the military's Joint Task Force operation Hadarin Daji - its major internal security operation - against armed banditry in Northwest Nigeria. Data is obtained from secondary sources which include academic journal articles, books, official reports, press briefs by the military, reputable local and international news reportage. The study's central argument holds that the nature and character of the military's campaigns against armed banditry - a form of unconventional warfare, poses significant challenges to it as a conventional fighting force, consequentially contributing towards the conflict's protractedness. Recalibrating the military's readiness for and response to unconventional warfare remains critical to degrading and defeating armed banditry in Northwest Nigeria.
The Persian Gulf regional security complex is shaped by intense competition between regional states and, since the aftermath of Operation Desert Storm, US military preponderance. US security ...cooperation with the Gulf Cooperation Council member states has sustained a status quo that has allowed extra-regional countries to advance their interests without making significant contributions to regional stability. An examination of the presence of five Asian countries (China, India, Japan, Singapore and South Korea) in the Gulf suggests that, as the US signals intentions to reduce its security commitments to the region, the perception of hegemonic retreat will influence the regional policies adopted by these Asian countries. A further and related consideration is the 'great-power competition' narrative that is driving politics at the systemic level. The US-China bilateral relationship will have a significant impact on extra-regional powers' approach to the Gulf.
Sustained overseas military operations over the last two decades have resulted in large numbers of United States and Allied servicemembers being faced with multiple unique occupational and ...environmental stressors, from serving in a combat zone, to having to be away from family and home for long periods of time. These stressors result in numerous negative health (physical and mental) and behavioral outcomes. Whereas there is a substantial amount of research focused on deployment-related health outcomes within active duty military populations, reserve forces are less understood. This study focuses on a United States Army National Guard combat unit before, during and after a deployment to Afghanistan. This prospective longitudinal study, conducted over the course of an operational deployment cycle (i.e., before, during and after), documents the trajectories of salient mental health outcomes (i.e., post-traumatic stress, depression, general anxiety, and aggression). The findings show that both combat (e.g., killing others) and non-combat (e.g., boredom) stressors negatively affect mental health outcomes, and the severity of these outcomes increases over the course of a deployment cycle. Of special note, the study reveals key gender differences in the evolution of PTSD, depression and anxiety across a deployment cycle: females report increased PTSD, depression and anxiety 6 months post-deployment whereas the levels reported by males stabilize at their mid-deployment levels. The findings offer insights for medical providers and policymakers in developing more targeted health promotion campaigns and interventions, especially during the post-deployment phase.
A significant engagement in military missions is probably the most distinctive feature of post-Cold War Italian foreign policy. In the last three decades, Italy has participated in an extensive ...number of operations across the world, including those in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya. Several studies have described Italian troop deployments abroad, providing alternative explanations of the Italian military activism. However, despite a recent growing attention on the topic, mainly focusing on specific peacekeeping operations, a comprehensive investigation of the evolution of Italian interventions is still missing. In other words, a detailed picture of main trends, data and patterns - since the end of the Second World War - is lacking. This article aims to fill this gap, using the most detailed and complete data on Italy's participation in peace and security operations to date. We show that Italian involvement steadily grew between 1990 and 2010 and decreased in the following ten years. Our empirical findings also indicate how Italy's efforts were increasingly directed in the Mediterranean and North Africa region in recent years. The article contributes to the existing literature on military operations abroad by offering a broad quantitative perspective on the post-Cold War defence policy of a 'middle power'.
Military Skill And Training In Soldier’s Bravery Sinaga, Obsatar; Liaw, Jessica Ong Hai; Ibrahim, Nora ...
Turkish journal of computer and mathematics education,
05/2021, Letnik:
12, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The Malaysian Armed Forces is responsible for producing hundreds of thousands of trained military personnel. This is because the Malaysian Armed Forces has carried out various military exercises to ...expose the role of its personnel and provide awareness of the importance of military service in the context of national defense and security. Bravery is a leading to matters related to a mentally and physically strong fighting spirit despite facing high risks. Then, bravery is one of the most important qualities that should have among the soldier personnel. The need to manage training efficiently and effectively is a challenge that needs to be managed and addressed properly, systematically and systematically. Technological advances that are constantly changing with the current circulation require a system of training that is effective enough to help the Government produce personnel that are feared by the enemy. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship of the military skill and military training with the soldier bravery among Malaysian Armed Forces in IJED, Port Dickson, KDSI, Lumut Perak and KTU, Alor Setar Kedah. Quantitative research methods of the correlational research design were conducted using questionnaires with 249 respondents from the Malaysian Armed Forces using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25.0 and Smart PLS 3.3.2. The results showed that there is a relationship between the military skill and military training with the soldier bravery. The findings confirmed that military skill and military training does act as an important determinant in the relationship of soldier’s bravery. The organization should define military skill and military training for training programs and specify components or outcomes to target in order to better understand soldier’s bravery. This study confirmed that the ability of commanding officers to conduct training appropriately military mind elements military skill and military training has increased their soldier’s bravery in operations.
Los sistemas de aeronaves remotamente tripulados de ala rotatoria en el ámbito militar se han convertido en aeronaves con aplicación táctica en el reconocimiento y la vigilancia de gran utilidad, ...factor que ha promovido incrementos en la investigación y el desarrollo de estos sistemas desde 2012 hasta la actualidad. Una búsqueda bibliográfica en Scopus permitió identificar 1166 documentos, que fueron tratados mediante el software vosViewer, organizando la información en conceptos básicos y clasificación, sistemas de los rpas y sus aplicaciones militares. El estudio permitió evidenciar que Estados Unidos ha liderado la investigación en el área, que podría estar relacionada con las implicaciones de la tecnología en el desarrollo de múltiples conflictos armados, y que las Fuerzas Aéreas en cada país han sido los principales patrocinadores o investigadores en el desarrollo de esta tecnología.
With the rapid development of unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV)-related technologies, UCAVs are playing an increasingly important role in military operations. It has become an inevitable trend in ...the development of future air combat battlefields that UCAVs complete air combat tasks independently to acquire air superiority. In this paper, the UCAV maneuver decision problem in continuous action space is studied based on the deep reinforcement learning strategy optimization method. The UCAV platform model of continuous action space was established. Focusing on the problem of insufficient exploration ability of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) exploration strategy in the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm, a heuristic DDPG algorithm was proposed by introducing heuristic exploration strategy, and then a UCAV air combat maneuver decision method based on a heuristic DDPG algorithm is proposed. The superior performance of the algorithm is verified by comparison with different algorithms in the test environment, and the effectiveness of the decision method is verified by simulation of air combat tasks with different difficulty and attack modes.
Military support to Ukraine has been accompanied by debates as to when Western states would find themselves ‘at war’ with Russia. This political and legal discourse reminds us that international law ...needs concepts to identify who is a party to an international armed conflict. Identifying parties is crucial because the international legal regulation of armed conflict remains, in many ways, structured by reference to party status – even if the legal meaning of being a party today differs significantly from the traditional implications of being ‘at war’. To capture the increasingly complex co-operation patterns of today’s and tomorrow’s wars, this article identifies the contours for a framework of legal criteria for establishing when a state has become a party to an ongoing international armed conflict. To become a party under this framework, a state must knowingly make a contribution to the conflict that is of a character such that it is directly connected to harm caused to the adversary. That contribution must be sufficiently closely co-ordinated with fellow parties to allow for involvement in the decision-making processes regarding co-ordinated military operations. Applying these criteria to key support scenarios, as exemplified in Russia’s war against Ukraine, permits reasonable distinctions, also with a view to future conflicts. More widely, the analysis of party status may enhance our understanding of the architecture of the international legal regulation of armed conflict as a whole, and its ability to respond to the realities of contemporary conflicts.
This article argues that an artificial superintelligence (ASI) emerging in a world where war is still normalised constitutes a catastrophic existential risk, either because the ASI might be employed ...by a nation–state to war for global domination, i.e., ASI-enabled warfare, or because the ASI wars on behalf of itself to establish global domination, i.e., ASI-directed warfare. Presently, few states declare war or even war on each other, in part due to the 1945 UN Charter, which states Member States should “refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force”, while allowing for UN Security Council-endorsed military measures and self-defense. As UN Member States no longer declare war on each other, instead, only ‘international armed conflicts’ occur. However, costly interstate conflicts, both hot and cold and tantamount to wars, still take place. Further, a New Cold War between AI superpowers looms. An ASI-directed/enabled future conflict could trigger total war, including nuclear conflict, and is therefore high risk. Via conforming instrumentalism, an international relations theory, we advocate risk reduction by optimising peace through a Universal Global Peace Treaty (UGPT), contributing towards the ending of existing wars and prevention of future wars, as well as a Cyberweapons and Artificial Intelligence Convention. This strategy could influence state actors, including those developing ASIs, or an agential ASI, particularly if it values conforming instrumentalism and peace.
Nowadays, the usage of renewable energy resources (RER) is growing rapidly, but at the same time, the effective utilization of RER is also a challenging task. For the better usage of RER and the ...reduction of loss, the dual battery storage is proposed. The main aim of this work is to focus on the design and implementation of a reliable and renewable power generating system under a robust situation, along with a battery storage system. The perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique has been applied to improve the solar photovoltaic power production. In addition, the dual battery storage system is being introduced to improve the life cycle of the primary storage system. The proposed dual storage system is highly preferable for remote, location-based application systems, space applications and military operations. In the dual battery storage system, the batteries are working effectively with a good lifespan, when compared with the existing methods. To determine the state of charge (SOC) and depth of discharge (DOC), those batteries’ input charging and discharging levels were monitored closely. MATLAB Simulink (R2013) is used for simulation; finally, a real-time, three-phase inverter was designed and validated. Under this dual battery storage mode, the life time of battery is improved.
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