Aims
The aim of this study was to describe and summarize workplace characteristics of three nursing generations: Baby Boomers, Generations X and Y.
Background
Generational differences affect ...occupational well‐being, nurses’ performance, patient outcomes and safety; therefore, nurse managers, administrators and educators are interested increasingly in making evidence‐based decisions about the multigenerational nursing workforce.
Design
Mixed‐method systematic review.
Data sources
Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus (January 1991–January 2017).
Review methods
(1) The Joanna Briggs Institute's method for conducting mixed‐method systematic reviews; (2) the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses and (3) the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research guidelines. The studies’ methodological quality was assessed with the Mixed‐Methods Appraisal Tool. Quantitative and mixed‐method studies were transformed into qualitative methods using a convergent qualitative synthesis and qualitative findings were combined with a narrative synthesis.
Results
Thirty‐three studies were included with three main themes and 11 subthemes: (1) Job attitudes (work engagement; turnover intentions, reasons for leaving; reasons, incentives/disincentives to continue nursing); (2) Emotion‐related job aspects (stress/resilience; well‐being/job satisfaction; affective commitment; unit climate; work ethic) and (3) Practice and leadership‐related aspects (autonomy; perceived competence; leadership relationships and perceptions). Baby Boomers reported lower levels of stress and burnout than did Generations X and Y, different work engagement, factors affecting workplace well‐being and retention and greater intention to leave compared with Generation Y, which was less resilient, but more cohesive.
Conclusion
Although several studies reported methodological limitations and conflicting findings, generational differences in nurses’ job attitudes, emotional, practice and leadership factors should be considered to enhance workplace quality.
Background: Weight loss with long-term maintenance is elusive for many. This ongoing mixed-methods study aims to compare strategies and experiences in people who have maintained weight loss (weight ...loss maintainers (WLM)) versus people who have attempted weight loss without success or long-term maintenance (weight loss attempters (WLA)). Methods: This is a mixed-methods study utilizing a survey and semi-structured interview. The survey was conducted via Qualtrics and included quantitative and Likert-scale questions regarding weight loss approaches and experiences. Semi-structured interviews explored personal experiences and attitudes about weight loss. Only quantitative survey data is presented below. Results: The responses of 21 individuals were collected (WLM: n = 10; WLA: n = 11). WLM participants reported 19.3 ± 10.7 kg weight loss maintained for 5.1 ± 10.6 years. Using a Likert scale (1 = not at all, 5 = completely), there was no significant difference in the degree to which groups perceived to change their diet (WLM: 3.6 ± 0.8 au; WLA: 3.5 ± 0.7 au; p = 0.66), nor were there differences in reported fruit (WLM: 1.5 ± 0.9 cups/day; WLA: 2.1 ± 1.1 cups/day; p = 0.36) or vegetable (WLM: 3.2 ± 1.5 cups/day; WLA: 2.7 ± 0.8 cups/day; p = 0.23) intake during attempted weight loss. There was no difference in self-reported exercise change (WLM: 3.8 ± 1.0 au; WLA: 3.2 ± 1.1 au; p = 0.13), days per week engaging in exercising (WLM: 4.6 ± 1.5 days/week; WLA: 4.1 ± 1.7 days/week; p = 0.14) or minutes/day spent exercising (WLM: 75 ± 77 min/day; WLA: 65 ± 103 min/day; p = 0.27) when attempting weight loss. There was a significant difference in perceived difficulty of weight loss (WLM: 3.4 ± 0.7 au; WLA: 1.7 ± 1.0 au; p = 0.008). Conclusions: Our quantitative survey data in a small sample of adults did not reveal significant differences in self-reported weight loss strategies between WLM and WLA, although WLA did perceive weight loss as more difficult. When combined with qualitative interview data, this study will shed light on approaches and experiences in WLM and WLA.
How to Construct a Mixed Methods Research Design Schoonenboom, Judith; Johnson, R. Burke
Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie,
10/2017, Letnik:
69, Številka:
Suppl 2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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This article provides researchers with knowledge of how to design a high quality mixed methods research study. To design a mixed study, researchers must understand and carefully consider each of the ...dimensions of mixed methods design, and always keep an eye on the issue of validity. We explain the seven major design dimensions: purpose, theoretical drive, timing (simultaneity and dependency), point of integration, typological versus interactive design approaches, planned versus emergent design, and design complexity. There also are multiple secondary dimensions that need to be considered during the design process. We explain ten secondary dimensions of design to be considered for each research study. We also provide two case studies showing how the mixed designs were constructed.
In this paper, we present the development and validation of an instrument for measuring users’ gameful experience while using a service. Either intentionally or unintentionally, systems and services ...are becoming increasingly gamified and having a gameful experience is progressively important for the user’s overall experience of a service. Gamification refers to the transformation of technology to become more game-like, with the intention of evoking similar positive experiences and motivations that games do (the gameful experience) and affecting user behavior. In this study, we used a mixed-methods approach to develop an instrument for measuring the gameful experience. In a first qualitative study, we developed a model of the gameful experience using data from a questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions posed to users of Zombies, Run!, Duolingo, and Nike+ Run Club. In a second study, we developed the instrument and evaluated its dimensionality and psychometric properties using data from users of Zombies, Run! (N = 371). Based on the results of this second study, we further developed the instrument in a third study using data from users of Duolingo (N = 507), in which we repeated the assessment of dimensionality and psychometric properties, this time including confirmation of the model. As a result of this work, we devised GAMEFULQUEST, an instrument that can be used to model and measure an individual user’s gameful experience in systems and services, which can be used for user-adapted gamification and for informing user-modeling research within a gamification context.
There is a growing need to identify acceptable and feasible opportunities to engage adults over 35 years in physical activity. Walking sports may be a potential means to engage adults in sport; ...however, there is limited evidence regarding appeal and feasibility to support its implementation and delivery. Using a two‐step mixed‐methods approach, we aimed (1) to quantitively identify significant predictors of intentions of adults over 35 years to participate in walking sports and (2) to understand why and how these identified predictors may be contextually relevant to the target group. In phase one, 282 adults over 35 years (Mage = 46.08, SD = 9.75) without prior experience of walking sports completed an online questionnaire assessing personal, psychosocial, program‐related, and environmental predictors, and intentions to participate in walking sports. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions showed that perceived health status, attitudes, subjective norms, and distance of venue were significant predictors of intentions. In phase two, interviews with a subset of 17 participants indicated that, when implementing walking sport programs, program labeling, fear of the unknown, and individual differences in the appeal of walking sport warrant consideration. Together, these findings offer insight into the complex interplay of personal, psychosocial, program‐related, and environmental predictors of adults' intentions to participate in walking sports. Addressing these elements of a walking sport program would make such programs more appealing to potential participants, and ultimately, more feasible and sustainable to conduct in the long run.
Background: Daily self-weighing can facilitate weight gain prevention, weight loss and weight loss maintenance. This study examined the experience of daily self-weighing from the individual ...perspective and related it to weight outcomes. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study of intervention group participants in a two-year daily self-weighing randomized controlled trial. Body weight was measured at baseline and two years. Percent body weight change was calculated and categorized as weight loss (>3% loss), maintenance (+/- 3%) or gain (>3% gain). Individual qualitative interviews about the experience of daily self-weighing were conducted at study end. Two investigators coded the interview transcripts independently. Chi-square tests explored the association between experiences and weight outcomes. Results: Participants (n = 128) were 76% female and 88% white with an average age of 43 years (95% CI 41, 45) and a mean BMI of 27.1 kg/m2 (95% CI 26.0, 28.0). Three aspects of daily weighing emerged as themes from the interviews: the act of weighing, awareness of weight changes, and reactions to weighing daily. Most reported the behavior of daily weighing as easy, quick, or a habit (n = 71), while fewer found it to be difficult or tedious (n = 10). There were no significant associations between ease of daily weighing and weight outcomes (p = 0.77). About half of participants (n = 66) noted a new or increased cognizance of fluctuations in their weight, including daily, seasonal, life-event, and/or health behavior-related patterns. Those who noted weight fluctuations were more likely to lose or maintain weight versus those who did not (p = 0.003). Weighing daily long term caused a range of reactions from positive, helpful, and motivating (n = 41) to more negative feelings of frustration, discouragement and stress (n = 25). Those reporting negative responses were more likely to have gained weight (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Adults volunteering for a self-weighing study most often find daily weighing easy. Individuals who experienced positive reactions to weighing and increased awareness of weight changes were more likely to maintain or lose weight.
This article presents a discussion of mixed methods (MM) sampling techniques. MM sampling involves combining well-established qualitative and quantitative techniques in creative ways to answer ...research questions posed by MM research designs. Several issues germane to MM sampling are presented including the differences between probability and purposive sampling and the probability-mixed-purposive sampling continuum. Four MM sampling prototypes are introduced: basic MM sampling strategies, sequential MM sampling, concurrent MM sampling, and multilevel MM sampling. Examples of each of these techniques are given as illustrations of how researchers actually generate MM samples. Finally, eight guidelines for MM sampling are presented. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.
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