This exploratory study examined the effectiveness of smartphone-based, AR artifact creation and other mobile collaborative learning activities in reinforcing the technological pedagogical content ...knowledge (TPACK) of pre-service teachers. Adopting a mixed-method research design, the study indicated that mobile AR artifact creation with peer discussion tended to better promote the componential competencies of technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) and the integrative development of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), whereas mobile media artifact viewing with peer discussion seemed to better support the content knowledge (CK) development.
•Mobile collaborative learning promoted TPACK development.•Mobile AR artifact creation promoted the integrative TPCK development.•Mobile media artifact viewing promoted the content knowledge (CK) development.•Habitualness, shared-ness, and intuitiveness of mobile collaborative learning tools•Mixed-method research approach
Mobile assistive technologies for the visually impaired Hakobyan, Lilit, BSc (Hons); Lumsden, Jo, BSc (Hons), PhD; O’Sullivan, Dympna, BSc (Hons), PhD ...
Survey of ophthalmology,
11/2013, Letnik:
58, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Abstract There are around 285 million visually impaired people worldwide, and around 370,000 people are registered as blind or partially sighted in the UK. Ongoing advances in information technology ...(IT) are increasing the scope for IT-based mobile assistive technologies to facilitate the independence, safety, and improved quality of life of the visually impaired. Research is being directed at making mobile phones and other handheld devices accessible via our haptic (touch) and audio sensory channels. We review research and innovation within the field of mobile assistive technology for the visually impaired and, in so doing, highlight the need for successful collaboration between clinical expertise, computer science, and domain users to realize fully the potential benefits of such technologies. We initially reflect on research that has been conducted to make mobile phones more accessible to people with vision loss. We then discuss innovative assistive applications designed for the visually impaired that are either delivered via mainstream devices and can be used while in motion (e.g., mobile phones) or are embedded within an environment that may be in motion (e.g., public transport) or within which the user may be in motion (e.g., smart homes).
Histopathology diagnosis is an important standard for breast tumors identifying. However, histopathology image analysis is complex, tedious and error-prone, due to the super-resolution image. In ...recent years, deep learning technology has been successfully applied to histopathology image analysis and made great progress. The well-known deep neural networks usually have tens of million parameters, which consume much memory to deploy the state-of-the-art model. In addition, deep neural networks rely on high-performance hardware resources, which impede the deployment of state-of-the-art model on portable equipment. In this work, a novel framework which consists of a weight accumulation method and a lightweight fast neural network (FastNet) was proposed for tumor fast identification (TFI) in mobile computer-assisted devices. The weight accumulation method was designed to obtain the tissue mask regions of interest and remove the useless background area in histopathology images, which greatly reduces the redundant computation cost. Furthermore, we proposed the lightweight FastNet to improve the computational efficiency on mobile devices. A novel attention loss function was designed and applied in FastNet. The attention loss function pays more attention on the positive samples and the indistinguishable samples, which greatly improves performance. The proposed FastNet was compared with three state-of-the-art methods commonly used for image classification and object detection. Experimental results indicated that FastNet achieves highest recall of 96.94%, highest F1 score of 97.33% and highest accuracy of 97.34%, besides least trainable parameters of 0.22M and smallest floating point operations of 210M FLOPs.
This paper presents the results of a study of synchronous mobile computer-supported collaborative learning (mCSCL) that emphasized levels of pre-structuring in the context of primary school ...participants who need more guidance to benefit from the collaborative work. The male and female participants, who were, on average, 8-year-old primary school students, used Internet-connected mobile devices to work synchronously in small groups on mathematics tasks. The study examined two mCSCL interaction modes. In the first mode, each group member is assigned a role, and should have completed one part of the task before the group members negotiated their solutions. In the second mode, all group members completed parts of the task individually, and then negotiated their solutions to progress through the activity. The two interaction modes were compared in terms of student task completion attempts and incorrect completion attempts. The study results are of medium to large effect size and indicated that for tasks of lower difficulty, task distribution using roles led to statistically significantly more incorrect task completion attempts compared to the design without roles. For tasks of greater difficulty, there were more incorrect task completion attempts in groups with no explicit distribution of work compared to the groups with roles. The design of synchronous mCSCL technology emphasizes the importance of state preservation mechanisms, synchronization mechanisms, and immediate feedback messages. Practical implications of this study are that teachers must actively consider the type of mCSCL design they choose when preparing their mobile collaborative lessons, and choose an adequate design for the planned task difficulty level.
•Study on Role-to-Collaborative and Individual-to-Collaborative interaction.•R-to-C interaction includes task and subtask distribution.•In I-to-C interaction, students work individually and negotiate their solutions.•R-to-C interaction is recommended for more and I-to-C for less difficult tasks.•mCSCL design should consider state preservation, synchronization and feedback.
Improvement of medical equipment’s’ function may contribute to the efficiency of nursing care in the general hospital. This paper introduced the design and application of a mobile nursing trolley, ...which consisted of a mobile computer and a medical trolley. The mobile nursing trolley has been designed to enable nurses to search patient’s information and provide nursing service more efficiently. (大型综合医院住院患者多, 护理工作量大, 通过改进相关设施, 有助于提升护理工作效率。本文介绍一种新型一体化移动护理推车, 由移动电脑一体机、护理治疗推车两大部分组成, 便于护理人员及时查询患者资料和提供护理服务。)
Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of single and multiple secondary tasks on officers’ performance and cognitive workload under normal and pursuit driving conditions.
...Background
Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of police line of duty injuries and deaths. These crashes are mainly attributed to the use of in-vehicle technologies and multi-tasking while driving.
Method
Eighteen police officers participated in a driving simulation experiment. The experiment followed a within-subject design and assessed the effect of single or multiple secondary tasks (via the mobile computer terminal (MCT) and radio) and driving condition (normal vs. pursuit driving) on officers’ driving performance, cognitive workload, and secondary task accuracy and reaction time.
Results
Findings suggested that police officers are protective of their driving performance when performing secondary tasks. However, their workload and driving performance degraded in pursuit conditions as compared to normal driving situations. Officers experienced higher workload when they were engaged with secondary tasks irrespective of the task modality or type. However, they were faster but less accurate in responding to the radio as compared to the MCT.
Conclusion
Police officers experience high mental workload in pursuit driving situations, which can reduce their driving performance and accuracy when they are engaged in some secondary tasks.
Application
The findings might be helpful for police agencies, trainers, and vehicle technology manufacturers to modify the existing policies, training protocols, and design of police in-vehicle technologies in order to improve police officer safety.
The article actualizes the problem of teaching the section of logic in the study of the discipline “Informatics” in the context of the need to improve the educational process. The author considers ...the solution of this problem from the point of view of development of multilevel mobile computer problem books allowing to optimize the learning process taking into account the requirements of intensification of educational and cognitive activity. The article highlights the levels of assimilation of logical knowledge, examples of tasks for each level, as well as a brief description of the essential content of the level of mastery of knowledge of logic.
Purpose
– Based on the literature on technology readiness, online learning readiness, and mobile computer anxiety, the purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a mobile learning readiness ...(MLR) scale which can be used to assess individuals’ readiness to embrace m-learning systems.
Design/methodology/approach
– Based on previous literature, this study conceptualizes the construct of MLR and generates an initial 55-item MLR scale. A total of 319 responses are collected from a three-month internet-based survey. Based on the sample data, this study provides an empirical validation of the MLR construct and its underlying dimensionality, and develops a generic MLR scale with desirable psychometric properties, including reliability, content validity, criterion-related validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and nomological validity.
Findings
– This study develops and validates a 19-item MLR scale with three dimensions (i.e. m-learning self-efficacy, optimism, and self-directed learning). A tentative norm of the MLR scale is presented, and the scale’s theoretical and practical applications are also discussed.
Originality/value
– This study is a pioneering effort to develop and validate a MLR scale. The results of this study are helpful to researchers in building m-learning theories and to educators in assessing and promoting individuals’ acceptance of m-learning systems.
Several crash reports have identified in-vehicle distraction to be a primary cause of emergency vehicle crashes especially in law enforcement. Furthermore, studies have found that mobile computer ...terminals (MCTs) are the most frequently used in-vehicle technology for police officers. Twenty police officers participated in a driving simulator-based assessment of visual behavior, performance, workload and situation awareness with current and enhanced MCT interface designs. In general, results revealed MCT use while driving to decrease officer visual attention to the roadway, but usability improvements can reduce the level of visual distraction and secondary-task completion time. Results also suggest that use of MCTs while driving significantly reduces perceived level of driving environment awareness for police officers and increases cognitive workload. These findings may be useful for MCT manufacturers in improving interface designs to increase police officer and civilian safety.
•Police officers are protective of driving performance while using MCTs.•MCT use while driving degrades officer visual attention to a roadway.•MCT use while driving degrades officer perceived level of situation awareness.•MCT use while driving increases officer perceived workload.•Basic MCT usability changes can increase officer visual attention to driving tasks.
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