In recent years, transportation problems have evolved from city transportation problems to urban agglomeration problems. Thus, the development of Chinese transportation cannot neglect the role of ...Inter-City transportation being the infrastructural framework. Keep abreast of Inter-City passengers’ choice behaviors can support the operation of multi-transportation systems. First, to better address the large deviation between the impedance function and the travelers’ perceived cost, we construct the generalized cost function with seven terms, which are car time, waiting time, walking time, access/egress times, ticket price, transfer penalty and comfort level respectively, with reliability and security being taken into considerations. Second, pointing at the problem of low accuracy in calculating the sharing rate of various transportation modes under different traffic systems, we proposed a Two-Stage Path-Size Weibit (TS-PSW) model to calculate the sharing rate of multi-mode passenger flow between cities respectively. After that, we decomposed the TS-PSW model into two-layer Path-Size Weibit (PSW) model by the Two-Stage estimation method, and used the maximum likelihood estimation to solve PSW model respectively. Finally, using the intercity transportation networks (Chengdu–Chongqing, Guangzhou–Qingyuan, Beijing–Zhangjiakou) as background, compare six discrete choice models’ calculation results. Result shows that the passenger flow sharing rate curve calculated by TS-PSW Model is evidently the closest to the actual transportation modes, the maximum error from Chengdu to Chongqing is 6.60%, the minimum is 3.80%, the maximum error from Beijing to Zhangjiakou is 10.20%, and the minimum is 3.30%. Results verify the effectiveness of the proposed generalized cost function and mode choice model. The upcoming Winter Olympics will be held during the Spring Festival, other events will not be arranged at the same time. Therefore, travel demand will increase significantly. Improving the mode choice model and verifying its effectiveness on multiple intercity networks, especially the Beijing–Zhangjiakou network, can provide theoretical support for mastering passenger travel mode selection during the future Winter Olympics and further improving transportation planning and related deployment.
Private Cars (PC) are becoming the most common way to travel daily. This is one of the effects of poor access to Public Transport (PT). As a result, increase air pollution, traffic congestion, noise, ...accidents. This study aims to develop a modal shift model for car users to shift to PT and determine the factors that effects the performance of the mode of transportation. A survey of 384 of PT users was conducted in Kajang city, Malaysia. Data were processed by SPSS software. A binary logit model has been used for three different lines (car, train and bus). The explanatory factors that looked at two models include trip distances, a trip rate per day, trip time, gender, age, and occupation, which are important variables. Mode Choice Model (Car vs Bus) show the travel time and distance travelled are significant factors to increase the use of public buses and reduce dependence on the car. While in Model (Car vs Train), the travel time is an important variable that effects of the switching decision between car and train. Younger people are more likely to switch in both models. Improve some factors like reliability in public transport services and change some fundamental policy could be the most effective measures for shifting from PC to PT.
•Propose an approach to design, simulate, and evaluate integrated AV and PT system.•Model the interaction between demand and supply through an iterative procedure.•Develop scenarios with various ...fleet and vehicle sizes, and fare and hailing strategies.•Evaluate scenarios for the passengers, AV and PT operators, and mobility system.
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent potentially disruptive and innovative changes to public transportation (PT) systems. However, the exact interplay between AV and PT is understudied in existing research. This paper proposes a systematic approach to the design, simulation, and evaluation of integrated autonomous vehicle and public transportation (AV + PT) systems. Two features distinguish this research from the state of the art in the literature: the first is the transit-oriented AV operation with the purpose of supporting existing PT modes; the second is the explicit modeling of the interaction between demand and supply.
We highlight the transit-orientation by identifying the synergistic opportunities between AV and PT, which makes AVs more acceptable to all the stakeholders and respects the social-purpose considerations such as maintaining service availability and ensuring equity. Specifically, AV is designed to serve first-mile connections to rail stations and provide efficient shared mobility in low-density suburban areas. The interaction between demand and supply is modeled using a set of system dynamics equations and solved as a fixed-point problem through an iterative simulation procedure. We develop an agent-based simulation platform of service and a discrete choice model of demand as two subproblems. Using a feedback loop between supply and demand, we capture the interaction between the decisions of the service operator and those of the travelers and model the choices of both parties. Considering uncertainties in demand prediction and stochasticity in simulation, we also evaluate the robustness of our fixed-point solution and demonstrate the convergence of the proposed method empirically.
We test our approach in a major European city, simulating scenarios with various fleet sizes, vehicle capacities, fare schemes, and hailing strategies such as in-advance requests. Scenarios are evaluated from the perspectives of passengers, AV operators, PT operators, and urban mobility system. Results show the trade off between the level of service and the operational cost, providing insight for fleet sizing to reach the optimal balance. Our simulated experiments show that encouraging ride-sharing, allowing in-advance requests, and combining fare with transit help enable service integration and encourage sustainable travel. Both the transit-oriented AV operation and the demand-supply interaction are essential components for defining and assessing the roles of the AV technology in our future transportation systems, especially those with ample and robust transit networks.
Evaluating the effectiveness of parking policies to relieve parking demand pressure in central areas and to reduce car use requires an investigation of traveler responses to different parking ...attributes, including the money and time costs associated with parking. Existing parking studies on this topic are inadequate in two ways. First, few studies have modeled parking choice and mode choice simultaneously, thus ignoring the interaction between these two choice realms. Second, existing studies of travel choice behavior have largely focused on the money cost of parking while giving less attention to non-price-related variables such as parking search time and egress time from parking lot to destination. To address these issues, this paper calibrates a joint model of travel mode and parking location choice, using revealed-preference survey data on commuters to the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, a large university campus. Key policy variables examined include parking cost, parking search time, and egress time. A comparison of elasticity estimates suggested that travelers were very sensitive to changes in egress time, even more so than parking cost, but they were less sensitive to changes in search time. Travelers responded to parking policies primarily by shifting parking locations rather than switching travel mode. Finally, our policy simulation results imply some synergistic effects between policy measures; that is, when pricing and policy measures that reduce search and egress time are combined, they shape parking demand more than the sum of their individual effects if implemented in isolation.
•This paper calibrates a joint model of travel mode and parking location choice.•Travelers are very sensitive to changes in egress time, even more so than parking price.•Travelers respond to parking policies primarily by shifting parking locations rather than switching travel mode.•There are synergistic effects between parking pricing and policy measures that reduce search and egress time.
This paper investigates the use of an elicited consideration set in a mathematical model of choice and consideration set formation. It proposes an econometric formulation by allowing unrestricted ...correlations among alternatives in the consideration set formation and a flexible substitution pattern in the choice model. Data from a stated preference (SP) survey is used where the SP choice tasks were followed by an elicitation of the consideration set while responding to the SP experiments. As opposed to the latent choice set formation approach, the elicited consideration set reduces the computational burden for model estimation. Empirical models reveal the benefit of modeling choice in conjunction with consideration of the set formation. It is evident that overlooking the probabilistic consideration set results in the over-estimation of the effects of key choice attributes, for example, travel time and generalized cost. Estimated correlations among alternatives in the consideration set formation revealed rich patterns of complementary and supplementary relationships among the alternatives that would not be possible to observe otherwise. However, it is also clear that the relationship in the consideration set formation may not be fully translated into substitution patterns in the choice model; that is explained by the error-component mixed logit model.
This study examines the quantitative influence of various factors on travel behaviour and provides policy implications for developing countries, focusing on the walking environment and attitudes ...towards walking in terms of the influence on the travel mode choice behaviour for short-distance and long-distance trips. The study utilizes data collected through questionnaires in three Asian megacities to analyse preferences and behavioural intentions for the travel mode choice. The results reveal that attitudes towards walking significantly contribute to enhancing the modal shift from private vehicles for both short-distance and long-distance trips, and it could be achieved through the improvement of the access and egress environments between the origin, destination and the transit stop. Other influences of other attitudes and habits of behaviour on preferences and behavioural intentions are also quantified. The policy implications emphasize the importance of each component in public transport development projects for promoting sustainable travel choices.
Urban air mobility (UAM) is expected to be a new alternative future transportation system to overcome the limitations of infrastructure investment and resolve traffic congestion cost issues in urban ...areas. This study aims to estimate the parameters of the mode choice model incorporating the cleaner transportation mode and evaluate the environmental impact by calculating the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ground traffic. A stated preference survey is employed to estimate the parameters for each travel mode, including the emerging travel mode. The awareness and experience of the air travel modes remove the hesitation concerning travel mode choice having positive values, but concerns about taking new types of air mobility reduce the probability of choosing urban air mobility. The macroscopic travel demand forecasting program simulates the travel demand of urban air mobility to calculate the reduction of CO2 emissions between before and after the introduction. While about 30 thousand of urban air mobility travel demand are generated after the introduction of urban air mobility in the urban area, it reduces about 90 thousand tons of CO2 emissions from the ground traffic. The introduction of urban air mobility causes modal shifts from ground traffic, reducing climate change and global warming. Policymakers should evaluate the feasibility of introducing urban air mobility, including environmental impact assessment, and an appropriate transit fare policy is required for the proliferation of urban air mobility.
•Introducing the Cleaner Production on Transport Network System.•Estimating Travel Demand of Electricfied Urban Air Mobility.•Evaluating the Environmental Impact incorporating the CO2 Emission Reduction.•Policy Responses for the proliferation of Electricfied Urban Air Mobility.
•Tourists’ preference is explored in the context of tour-based mode choice.•Tour-based stated preference choice experiments are designed for MaaS in tourism.•Differences of tourists' choice behavior ...between a trip and a tour are exhibited.•Trip sequence and interaction between modes have influence on tourists’ preferences.
This study explores a tourists’ preference for tour mode bundle, defined as a set of preferable travel modes for multiple trips in a tour, under Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS). In the context of tourism, MaaS could improve transportation sustainability by providing integrated information about sustainable transportation modes. To develop a systematic understanding of tourists’ preference for tour mode bundle, we design a tour-based stated preference (SP) choice experiment based on bundle configuration of travel modes in MaaS including a shared van as a paratransit mode in combination with the existing bus and taxi services. A web-based SP survey is conducted for 331 individuals who visited Jeju Island in Korea. Two mixed logit models are estimated to reveal differences between the trip- and tour-based mode choice situations. The estimation results reveal that the trip sequence significantly influences the preference for travel mode in a tour mode bundle, which has significant cross effects with individual and travel context attributes. A shared van is the most preferred in both a trip and a tour. Persistence to using the same mode and synergy of using different modes are captured through significant cross effects of sequence-specific travel modes in a tour mode bundle. Based on these findings that can only be identified through tour-based choice situations, MaaS can be more effectively designed in tourism.
The growing interest in promoting non-motorised active transport has led to an increase in the number of studies to identify the key variables associated with bicycle use, and especially those ...related to the bicycle mode choice problem. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the modelling literature on the choice of the bicycle for utilitarian purposes, and summarises and assesses the evolution of the explanatory variables and methodologies used. We review both the evolution of the incorporation of latent variables in bicycle mode choice models and the critical role they play. The chronological evolution of the studies is divided into three stages -initial, intermediate and late - according to the different ways of introducing attitudinal or perceptual indicators and latent variables into the models. Our review shows that the incorporation of latent variables in bicycle choice models has increased in the last decade, with a progressive use of more sophisticated methodologies until the arrival of complex models that explicitly and properly deal with psychological latent variables. In fact, with the use of hybrid choice models, latent variables have nowadays become the core of bicycle mode choice models. Based on our review, a set of questions is proposed as a uniform measurement scale to identify attitudes towards bicycling. Recommendations for future research are also presented.
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