This article sets out to present a characterization of the whaling activity carried out in Paita during the second half of the 20th century, which was a period in which several companies operated in ...the same place: Whaling Company of the North (1957-1966), Whaling of Kinkai (1967-1977)
and Victoria del Mar Whaling Company (1977-1985). To develop this research, whaling plant workers were interviewed, as well as crew members of the hunting vessels that sailed from Paita.
A work of documentation and bibliographic review of materials related to this topic was also developed in the National Library of Peru (Lima), as well as a bibliographical compilation on the basis of 10 years of research on whaling in Chile and South America.
En el siguiente trabajo, se presentará una caracterización de la actividad ballenera realizada enPaita, en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, periodo en el que funcionaron varias empresas en unmismo lugar: Compañía Ballenera del Norte (1957-1966), Ballenera del Kinkai (1967-1977) yBallenera Victoria del Mar (1977-1985). Para desarrollar esta investigación, fueron entrevistadostrabajadores de las plantas balleneras, así como tripulantes de los buques cazadores que zarpabandesde Paita. También se desarrolló un trabajo de documentación y revisión bibliográfica demateriales relativos a esta temática en la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú (Lima), así comobibliografía recopilada en más de 10 años de investigación sobre la cacería de ballenas en Chiley Sudamérica.
The text clarifies the place that Freud and his invention had in the work and thought of Walter Benjamin. He does so by drawing on the correspondence be-tween Benjamin himself and Theodor Adorno, and ...the testimony of Gershom Scholem. It shows how Adorno sends Benjamin to Freud and his work at least a couple of times, once in relation to the psychological suffering of his son, Ste-fan Benjamin, and the other in relation to his Passages project. Both shipments have an explicit articulator: the decline of the paternal imago and function in industrial modernity, called by Benjamin modern reverie. At the end of the text some reasons are conjectured for the distance that Benjamin always maintained in relation to Freud and his work, and points that, despite this fact, there are a series of parallels between The Interpretation of Dreams and the Passages.
El texto esclarece el lugar que Freud y su invento tuvieron en la obra y pensa-miento de Walter Benjamin. Lo hace recurriendo a la correspondencia entre Benjamin mismo y Theodor Adorno, y al testimonio al respecto de Gershom Scholem. Muestra cómo Adorno envía a Benjamin hacia Freud y su obra al menos un par de veces, una con relación al sufrimiento psicológico de su hijo, Stefan Benjamin, y la otra con relación a su proyecto de los Pasajes. Ambos envíos tienen un articulador explícito: la decadencia de la imago y la función paternas en la modernidad industrial, llamada por Benjamin ensoñación mo-derna. Al final del escrito se conjeturan algunas razones de la distancia que Benjamin mantuvo siempre con relación a Freud y su obra, y que, no obstante este hecho, existen una serie de paralelismos entre La interpretación de los sueñosy los Pasajes
This work analyzes elements of modern tragedy, according to Raymond Williams´ concept, in the one-act plays The Demolition Downtown and Some Problems for the Moose Lodge, by Tennessee Williams. The ...investigation takes into account that the American society and the capitalist system are the tragedy itself, figuring its boundaries in the human field. For this reason, they cause suffering, guilt, ruptures, and social failures. Parodic and satirical elements are identified to intensify the tragedy, in turn, allowing reflection to emerge through laughter and, thus, Williams’ text takes on an unprecedented epic dimension. The playwright’s view of American society deconstructs the stereotypes that structure it, especially stratified issues of their ideologies: the American Way of Life and the American Dream.
Este trabalho analisa elementos da tragédia moderna, segundo o conceito de Raymond Williams, nas peças em um ato The Demolition Downtown e Some Problems for the Moose Lodge, de Tennessee Williams. A investigação leva em conta que a sociedade estadunidense e o sistema capitalista são a própria tragédia figurando suas delimitações no campo humano. Por este motivo, causam sofrimento, culpa, rupturas e desacertos sociais. São identificados elementos paródicos e satíricos que intensificam a tragédia, os quais permitem que, por meio do riso, surja a reflexão, com isso, o texto de Williams toma uma dimensão épica sem precedentes. A visão do dramaturgo sobre a sociedade estadunidense desconstrói seus estereótipos estruturantes, sobretudo, questões estratificadas de suas ideologias: o American Way of Life e o American Dream.
Paladino de uma complexa forma de subjetividade que é produto de uma atmosfera psicológica que o insulariza em relação aos demais habitantes das cidades, o flâneur é considerado como sendo uma ...importante chave de leitura dos processos de modernização dos centros urbanos europeus e de seus desdobramentos. Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo desta pesquisa se concentra, arrazoados os fenômenos sociais às produções literárias oitocentistas, no estudo do flâneur de Dostoiévski. Presente em Pobre Gente, Noites Brancas, A Senhoria, Humilhados e Ofendidos e Crime e Castigo, o flâneur dostoievskiano encerra em si os conflitos, contradições, perspectivas e possibilidades de um período tão peculiar que se incorporou à sua compleição por meio de uma nova e inquietante relação com a cidade moderna.
The city of Monterrey, in northeastern Mexico, is
characterized by an early technical development that
transformed the city and marked its appropriation
of modernity using local industrialized ...construction
materials. The dissemination of the architectural
and urban renovations that were happening in the
pages of the newspaper El Norte provides a vision
of the city that is born industrial and that seeks its
conversion into the paradigm of the modern western
city. The buildings that were being disseminated would
consolidate this imaginary, at the same time as the
deficiencies inherent in the growing economies of Latin
American countries mark a constant criticism of the
modernization process.
The dissemination in the local press, marked
by a strong inclination towards private initiative
works, such as the pioneering construction of the
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher
Studies campus, would gradually accommodate
public budget works, such as those significant
of the Mexican Social Security Institute and the
University of Nuevo León. Thus, this analysis seeks
to broaden and enrich current interpretations of one
of the different national modernities
La ciudad de Monterrey, en el noreste de México,
se caracteriza por un temprano desarrollo técnico
que transformó la urbe y marcó su apropiación de
la modernidad por el empleo de materiales locales
industrializados de construcción. La difusión de las
renovaciones arquitectónicas y urbanas que se iban
sucediendo en las páginas del periódico El Norte aporta
una visión particular de la ciudad que nace industrial
y que busca su conversión en el paradigma de la
ciudad moderna occidental. Los edificios que se iban
divulgando consolidarían dicho imaginario, al mismo
tiempo que las carencias inherentes a las economías
en crecimiento de los países latinoamericanos, marcan
una crítica constante al proceso modernizador.
La difusión en la prensa local, marcada por
una fuerte inclinación hacia las obras de iniciativa
privada, como la pionera construcción del campus
del Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores
de Monterrey, iría dando cabida, paulatinamente, a
las obras de presupuestos públicos, como aquellas
significativas del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro
Social y de la Universidad de Nuevo León. Así,
el presente análisis busca ampliar y enriquecer
las interpretaciones actuales sobre una más de las
distintas modernidades nacionales.
El texto indaga por la manera en que determinadas actuaciones excepcionales llevadas a cabo por mujeres en el ámbito militar, durante la conquista de América en el siglo xvi fueron recogidas, ...interpretadas y relatadas, tanto por testigos de las mismas como por los cronistas, en función de los arquetipos y estereotipos de género estructurados/configurados/conformados a partir de convenciones sociales, religiosas, morales o culturales, entre otras, vigentes en ese periodo. Para ello se analizarán algunos casos paradigmáticos del más temprano virreinato peruano. Todo ello se hará desde una perspectiva de género que posibilite analizar aspectos como los modelos femeninos trasladados al Nuevo Mundo, así como la consideración hacia la actuación de algunas mujeres en los territorios de frontera, donde diversos factores posibilitaron e, incluso, demandaron roles muy alejados de los normativos en la sociedad de la Edad Moderna (2).
Durante la Edad Moderna europea diversas transformaciones desembocarán en la proliferación notable de los juegos de azar. Al mismo tiempo, la Europa católica asistirá al desarrollo de una renovada ...teología moral, entre cuyas preocupaciones estará también el juego. En el marco de esa evolución, los teólogos abordarán el juego cada vez más desde una perspectiva novedosa: desplazarán en parte el discurso moralizante anterior, muy imbricado con la teoría de las virtudes y los diez pecados capitales, para apoyados en el desarrollo de una teoría católica del contrato, subrayar el carácter de contrato entre los jugadores. Los debates versarán así sobre la vinculación moral de los contratos, la obligación moral de las disposiciones del derecho civil, los límites de la propiedad individual, la legitimidad moral del lucro como guía del comportamiento humano y un largo etcétera.
En la localidad de Valdealcón se encuentra una construcción hidráulica abovedada similar a otras muchas de la Península Ibérica, abundantes en la provincia de León. Su principal peculiaridad consiste ...en una entrada de agua de mayores dimensiones y mejor factura técnica de lo habitual. Por esta razón se realizó una intervención arqueológica, cuyo fin era documentar el abastecimiento de agua de la estructura y, sobre todo, avanzar en la datación de este tipo de construcciones, a menudo tenidas por romanas. Actualmente son muy escasas las excavaciones arqueológicas acometidas en ellas, y aún más las dataciones. En el caso de Valdealcón, la secuencia estratigráfica y la datación radiocarbónica confirmaron su pertenencia a un periodo comprendido entre finales de la Edad Media y principios de época Moderna. El resultado pone a esta construcción, y a otras similares localizadas en el valle medio del Esla, en relación con importantes cambios políticos, sociales y económicos, vinculados con el auge de la ganadería.
The "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)" disease has caused a worldwide challenging and threatening pandemic (COVID-19), with huge health and economic losses. The US Food ...and Drug Administration, (FDA) has granted emergency use authorization for treatment with the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. Many people have a history of a significant allergic reaction to a specific food, medicine, or vaccine; hence, people all over the world have great concerns about these two authorized vaccines. This article compares the pharmacology, indications, contraindications, and adverse effects of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines.
The required documents and information were collected from the relevant databases, including Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), PubMed, EMBASE, World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Drug Authorities (FDA) USA, Local Ministries, Health Institutes, and Google Scholar. The key terms used were: Coronavirus, SARS-COV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines, Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, Moderna vaccine, pharmacology, benefits, allergic responses, indications, contraindications, and adverse effects. The descriptive information was recorded, and we eventually included 12 documents including research articles, clinical trials, and websites to record the required information.
Based on the currently available literature, both vaccines are beneficial to provide immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pfizer/BioNTech Vaccine has been recommended to people 16 years of age and older, with a dose of 30 μg (0.3 m) at a cost of $19.50. It provides immunogenicity for at least 119 days after the first vaccination and is 95% effective in preventing the SARS-COV-2 infection. However, Moderna Vaccine has been recommended to people 18 years of age and older, with a dose of 50 μg (0.5 mL) at a cost of $32-37. It provides immunogenicity for at least 119 days after the first vaccination and is 94.5% effective in preventing the SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, some associated allergic symptoms have been reported for both vaccines. The COVID-19 vaccines can cause mild adverse effects after the first or second doses, including pain, redness or swelling at the site of vaccine shot, fever, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, itching, chills, and joint pain, and can also rarely cause anaphylactic shock. The occurrence of adverse effects is reported to be lower in the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine compared to the Moderna vaccine; however, the Moderna vaccine compared to the Pfizer vaccine is easier to transport and store because it is less temperature sensitive.
The FDA has granted emergency use authorization for the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. These vaccines can protect recipients from a SARS-CoV- 2 infection by formation of antibodies and provide immunity against a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both vaccines can cause various adverse effects, but these reactions are reported to be less frequent in the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine compared to the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine; however, the Moderna vaccine compared to the Pfizer vaccine is easier to transport and store because it is less temperature sensitive.
All current vaccines for COVID-19 utilize ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike with the goal of generating protective neutralizing antibodies. The recent emergence and rapid spread of several SARS-CoV-2 ...variants carrying multiple spike mutations raise concerns about possible immune escape. One variant, first identified in the United Kingdom (B.1.1.7, also called 20I/501Y.V1), contains eight spike mutations with potential to impact antibody therapy, vaccine efficacy, and risk of reinfection. Here, we show that B.1.1.7 remains sensitive to neutralization, albeit at moderately reduced levels (∼sim;2-fold), by serum samples from convalescent individuals and recipients of an mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1273, Moderna) and a protein nanoparticle vaccine (NVX-CoV2373, Novavax). A subset of monoclonal antibodies to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike are less effective against the variant, while others are largely unaffected. These findings indicate that variant B.1.1.7 is unlikely to be a major concern for current vaccines or for an increased risk of reinfection.
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•B.1.1.7 is not a neutralization escape variant of concern for COVID-19 vaccines•B.1.1.7 is unlikely to increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection•B.1.1.7 escapes a subset of RBD-specific antibodies
The increasing prevalence and diversity of SARS-CoV-2 spike variants raises concerns for potential immune escape. Using a validated pseudovirus neutralization assay, Shen et al. show that the B.1.1.7 variant escapes a subset of monoclonal antibodies but remains susceptible to vaccine-elicited antibodies and serum samples from people who recovered from COVID-19.
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