Wittgenstein famously remarked in 1923, "Darwin's theory has no more relevance for philosophy than any other hypothesis in natural science." Yet today we are witnessing a major revival of interest in ...applying evolutionary approaches to philosophical problems. Philosophy after Darwin is an anthology of essential writings covering the most influential ideas about the philosophical implications of Darwinism, from the publication of On the Origin of Species to today's cutting-edge research.Michael Ruse presents writings by leading modern thinkers and researchers--including some writings never before published-- together with the most important historical documents on Darwinism and philosophy, starting with Darwin himself. Included here are Herbert Spencer, Friedrich Nietzsche, Thomas Henry Huxley, G. E. Moore, John Dewey, Konrad Lorenz, Stephen Toulmin, Karl Popper, Edward O. Wilson, Hilary Putnam, Philip Kitcher, Elliott Sober, and Peter Singer. Readers will encounter some of the staunchest critics of the evolutionary approach, such as Alvin Plantinga, as well as revealing excerpts from works like Jack London's The Call of the Wild. Ruse's comprehensive general introduction and insightful section introductions put these writings in context and explain how they relate to such fields as epistemology, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, and ethics.An invaluable anthology and sourcebook, Philosophy after Darwin traces philosophy's complicated relationship with Darwin's dangerous idea, and shows how this relationship reflects a broad movement toward a secular, more naturalistic understanding of the human experience.
This volume brings together Martha Nussbaum's published papers, some revised for this collection, on the relationship between literature and philosophy, especially moral philosophy. It also includes ...two new essays and a substantial Introduction. The papers, many of them previously not readily available to non-specialist readers, explore such fundamental issues as the relationship between style and content in the exploration of ethical questions; the nature of ethical attention and ethical knowledge and their relationship to written forms and style; and the role of the emotions in deliberation and self-knowledge. The author investigates and defends a conception of ethical understanding which involves emotional as well as intellectual activity, and which gives a certain type of priority to the perception of particular people and situations rather than to abstract rule.
Montreynaud se préoccupe aussi des hommes violents sexuellement, qui profitent de l'indulgence populaire, alors que le trop grand désir éprouvé par certaines femmes est associé à la nymphomanie, ...qualifiée de trouble mental. Montreynaud invite également à choisir les mots pertinents pour parler des violences sexuelles masculines puisque les termes employés « contribuent à façonner un monde de justice et d'égalité » (p. 117). Enfin, Montreynaud considère que « le seul coupable, c'est l'agresseur » et qu'il faut le désigner comme tel, car c'est « l'unique moyen de faire évoluer les mentalités » (p. 131). Enfin, l'autrice croit que les femmes doivent avoir une très grande force intérieure pour départager l'estime de soi de l'opinion d'autrui et pour argumenter contre les injonctions machistes de l'environnement familial et social (p. 160).
Ethical Life Keane, Webb
2015, 2015., 20151006, 2015-10-02
eBook
The human propensity to take an ethical stance toward oneself and others is found in every known society, yet we also know that values taken for granted in one society can contradict those in ...another. Does ethical life arise from human nature itself? Is it a universal human trait? Or is it a product of one's cultural and historical context? Webb Keane offers a new approach to the empirical study of ethical life that reconciles these questions, showing how ethics arise at the intersection of human biology and social dynamics.
Drawing on the latest findings in psychology, conversational interaction, ethnography, and history,Ethical Lifetakes readers from inner city America to Samoa and the Inuit Arctic to reveal how we are creatures of our biology as well as our history-and how our ethical lives are contingent on both. Keane looks at Melanesian theories of mind and the training of Buddhist monks, and discusses important social causes such as the British abolitionist movement and American feminism. He explores how styles of child rearing, notions of the person, and moral codes in different communities elaborate on certain basic human tendencies while suppressing or ignoring others.
Certain to provoke debate,Ethical Lifepresents an entirely new way of thinking about ethics, morals, and the factors that shape them.
BackgroundLearning in the NHS has evolved to focus on the analyses of mistakes: adverse incident reporting; serious incidents requiring investigation; complaints. An alternative approach, focussing ...on the behaviours, processes and systems, which deliver safe, high quality care often in complex, time pressured and resource-constrained settings does exist 1. As yet this approach, Safety II, is underused in the NHS. While we recognise that it is essential to learn when things go wrong, we hope to balance the culture of learning in the NHS by promoting the recognition and reinforcement of positive practice.MethodWe have adapted the Favourable Event Reporting Form (FERF) initiative from a neighbouring trust 2. A FERF (see Figure 1) can be written by anyone (from porter to patient to professor) who notes an event that has made a positive difference to a patient’s care (see Figure 2: FERFs Submitted and Received by members of the MDT). We collect data from all FERFs completed for further evaluation. Events are collated monthly into clinical and practice themes as well as quality domains and trust values. Summaries are displayed on the FERF notice boards and fed back via departmental meetings. When named, teams and individuals receive a letter of recognition.Abstract G204(P) Figure 1 A FERF Abstract G204(P) Figure 2FERFs submitted and received by membeers of the MDTAbstract G204(P) Figure 3Practice themes identified by FEREFResultsBetween January and August 2015 sixty seven favourable events were reported. Managing the sick child and deteriorating child escalation have been the most common clinical situations. The most frequent practice themes are team work, preparedness and ensuring a positive experience of care (see Figure 3 Practice themes identified by FERF). Patient centred care is by far the most popular quality domain. As a division we are commencing root cause analysis on some FERFs each month to fully understand why things went well and how we can ensure replication of such positive events.DiscussionPositive deviance and appreciative enquiry approaches such as this encourage organisations to emphasise and learn from positives, transforming the culture into one where positive becomes the norm 3–5. The recognition of positive events undoubtedly raises morale and our initiative has been well supported. The next stage is to determine how we measure the impact in improving patient care and staff morale.
Traditionally, scholars have approached Roman sexuality using categories of sexual ethics drawn from contemporary, Western society. In this 2006 book Dr Langlands seeks to move away from these ...towards a deeper understanding of the issues that mattered to the Romans themselves, and the ways in which they negotiated them, by focusing on the untranslatable concept of pudicitia (broadly meaning 'sexual virtue'). She offers a series of nuanced close readings of texts from a wide spectrum of Latin literature, including history, oratory, love poetry and Valerius Maximus' work Memorable Deeds and Sayings. Pudicitia emerges as a controversial and unsettled topic, at the heart of Roman debates about the difference between men and women, the relation between mind and body, and the ethics of power and status differentiation within Roman culture. The book develops strategies for approaching the study of an ancient culture through sensitive critical readings of its literary productions.