U ovome radu izvršen je detaljan fonološki opis čakavskih kopnenih govora zadarske okolice uz osnovne napomene o morfologiji. Rad se temelji na primjerima dobivenima od izvornih govornika tijekom ...terenskih istraživanja. Za svaku relevantnu pojavu paralelno se navode primjeri iz svih govora, nakon čega slijedi usporedba sa susjednim novoštokavskim govorima. Radu su priloženi i ogledni primjeri nekih od ispitanih govora dobiveni transkripcijom zvučnih zapisa snimljenih na terenu. Na temelju primjerā iznesenih u ovome radu možemo ustvrditi da su fonološke značajke čakavskih kopnenih govora zadarske okolice izvorno čakavske, kao i to da su, zbog višestoljetnih bliskih kontakata s novoštokavskim govorima susjednih naselja, do određene mjere narušene.
In this article, a detailed phonological description of the Chakavian idioms of the Zadar mainland is given. The description includes some principal morphological features as well. The article is based on the examples obtained from the native speakers of the idioms during the field research of the author. In the first two chapters, the historicalgeographic context and the methodology are explained. After this, some general features of the Chakavian idioms of the Zadar mainland are given. The phonological description includes vocalism, consonantism and accentology. Each feature is explained and exemplified for each Chakavian idiom, comparing them to the adjacent Shtokavian idioms. The morphological description includes examples of noun and verb forms. In the conclusion, two main statements are given. Despite the great influence that Shtokavian idioms of the adjacent villages have made to the phonology and the morphology of the Chakavian idioms in question, their Chakavian origin is confirmed by some characteristic archaisms (accentology in the first place). At the end of the article, the examples of some idioms in question are given, which are obtained from the transcription of the spontaneous speech of the native speakers.
U radu se analiziraju pojedina morfološka obilježja brojeva kao vrste riječi na odabranom korpusu objavljenih rječnika kajkavskih govora. Analizira se sklonidba glavnih brojeva od jedan do četiri, te ...posebice od pet dalje, sročnost imenica muškoga roda u NAV uz glavne brojeve dva, tri i četiri, uporaba broja jezero i ostvaraj brojevnih pridjeva i brojevnih imenica.
Brojevi kao vrsta riječi svojstveni su gramatičkomu opisu kajkavskoga narječja prema jezičnoj uporabi u pojedinim mjesnim govorima. U radu se analiziraju temeljna morfološka obilježja brojeva na ...odabranom korpusu objavljenih rječnika kajkavskih govora prema natuknicama, gramatičkim odrednicama vrste riječi, potvrđenim morfološkim oblicima, značenjima i navedenim oprimjerenjima značenja u rječničkim člancima. Predmet su analize glavni broj jedan i redni broj drugi u kontekstu brojeva i pridjeva.
Background. Multiple pregnancy can be prevented by an elective single blastocyst transfer. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effect of blastocyst development and morphology on the ...outcome of single blastocyst transfer. Methods. In this study 157 women with single blastocyst transfer were included; their mean age was 33.6 years, range 20–42. Embryos were cultured to the blastocyst stage and evaluated using the Gardner’s classification. An elective single blastocyst transfer was performed in 83 women although 2 or more blastocysts developed (Group 1) and in 74 with only one developed blastocyst (Group 2). Results. In Group 1 (2 or more blastocysts) the pregnancy rate was a significantly higher than in Group 2 (1 blastocyst only) (39.8 % vs. 23.0 %; P < 0.05). After the transfer of a single expanded blastocyst no statistical difference in the pregnancy rate between the two groups was observed (45.5 % vs. 44.6 %). A significantly higher pregnancy rate was found after the transfer of one expanded blastocyst with a good embryoblast and trophoblast morphology compared to the transfer of a single early blastocyst (45.6 % vs. 7.1 %, P < 0.05). Conclusions. After single blastocyst transfer, the likelihood of achieving a pregnancy is higher in women with 2 or more blastocysts developed. And also the likelihood of achieving a pregnancy is higher with an expanded blastocyst transferred with good embryoblast and trophoblast morphology. The blastocyst development is the main predictor of pregnancy, which may reflect the embryonic genetic status.
Background. At conventional ICSI, sperm to be injected into the oocyte is chosen at magnification of 400 times which does not permit abnormalities of fine sperm structures to be seen. By using a new ...method, intracytoplasmic morphologically selected injection (IMSI), motile sperm with a normal head, base and no vacuoles present in the head can be selected at magnification of 6000 times. Vacuoles in the sperm head reflect the damage of nucleus and/or DNA (fragmented or single-stranded DNA). Spermatozoa with vacuoles in the head have lower fertilization capacity and lead to abnormal embryo development, unsuccessful implantation, or spontaneous abortion. Methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the percentage of men with abnormal sperm morphology (teratozoospermia) included in the ICSI programme, in which it is possible to find a morphologically normal sperm without vacuoles in the head using IMSI method. In each selected sperm we evaluated the morphology of head (normal = 2 points), base (normal = 1 point) and presence of vacuoles in the head (one small or no vacuoles = 3 points). Totally normal sperm (or with one small vacuole in the head) was allotted 6 points. According to this evaluation, sperm were divided into three classes: class I (6–4 points), class II (3–1 points) and class III (0 points). Sperm of class I and II were suitable for injection into the oocyte, whereas sperm of class III were not. Results. Before ICSI, the prepared semen of 13 patients which had teratozoospermia (alone or in combination with other semen abnormalities) was evaluated by the IMSI method. Sperm of class I was found in 5 men (38 %), and sperm of class II in the remaining men (62 %). Sperm of class III was found in all men. On average, 0.7 sperm of class I and 6.1 sperm of class II per man with teratozoospermia were found. Conclusions. Morphologically normal sperm without vacuoles in the head can be found in less than half of men undergoing the ICSI programme. Further research will show, whether it is possible to improve the clinical results of the ICSI method by the sperm selection with the IMSI method.
U ovom preglednom članku nabrojene su i objašnjene prednosti sadnje krajem ljeta i početkom jeseni kao i proljetne sadnje prije početka vegetacije. Opisano je i s originalnim ilustracijama prikazano ...nepravilno i pravilno kopanje sadne jame kao i nepravilna i pravilna sadnja sadnica poljskog jasena golog korijena. Objašnjen je utjecaj zbijenosti tla na klijavost sjemena, razvoj klijanca, morfološke značajke nadzemnog i podzemnog dijela sadnica i korijenskog sustava. Raspravlja se o manama kontejnerske proizvodnje šumskih sadnica u čistom organskom mediju poput crnog treseta i nedostacima kod sadnje tako proizvedenih sadnica na terenu. Opisana je i s originalnim ilustracijama prikazana pravilno i nepravilno posađena kontejnerska sadnica poljskog jasena. Prikazana je suvremena tehnologija rasadničke proizvodnje sadnica poljskog jasena u kontejnerima te prednosti pošumljavanja sadnicama obloženog korijena. Kontejnerska proizvodnja je polu automatizirana i sadnja na terenu bi se isključivo trebala obavljati uz pomoć sadilja čije su značajke i prednosti prikazane u članku. Opisana su inovativna rješenja kod konstrukcije sadilja s obzirom na oblik rupe koju rade. Važno da rupe koju rade sadilje ne budu okruglog ili kvadratnog/pravokutnog oblika jer u tom slučaju dolazi do razdvajanja ili pucanja rupe za sadnju od okolnoga tla. Kod sadilja koje rade rupu romboidnog oblika ili iskopane sadne jame, ne dolazi do pucanja po rubu rupe već rupa puca po cijelom profilu što je povoljnije za korijenski sustav biljke. Originalnim ilustracijama su prikazani primjeri loših i dobrog geometrijskog oblika sadne jame. Na primjeru iz rasadnika „Brestje“ u Sesvetama (Hrvatske šume d.o.o.) prikazana je tehnologija rasadničke proizvodnje kontejnerskih sadnica poljskog jasena. Uspoređeni su podaci iz deklaracije supstrata korištenog kod kontejnerske proizvodnje sadnica s rezultatima vlastitih kemijskih analiza istoga u trenutku sadnje sadnica na terenu nakon jedne vegetacije uzgoja. Opisuje se ekstrakcija elemenata iz uzoraka supstrata kao i priprema uzoraka za određivanje sadržaja elemenata u tragovima tehnikom ICP-AES. Prikazani su vrijednosti glavnih parametara supstrata dobivenih tehnikom ICP-AES kao i udjel makro i mikro hranjiva u supstratu. U članku su prikazane glavne morfološke značajke kontejnerskih sadnica poljskog jasena pošumljene na području šumarije Lipovljani u jesen 2017. godine. Posebno je prikazan izgled opranog korijenskog sustava prosječne kontejnerske sadnice i njegova morfološka analiza uz pomoć skenera i softvera WinRHIZO ProLA2400 (2005). Opisani su uzroci velikog mortaliteta sadnica poljskog jasena kod pošumljavanja na području Republike Hrvatske s konkretnim mjerama za poboljšanje sadašnjeg stanja s obzirom na dobre šumarske prakse koje se provode u zemljama srednje Europe i Skandinavije.
This review article lists and explains the benefits of planting activities undertaken in late summer and early fall, as well as spring planting before vegetation begins. Both irregular and correct digging of the plant pit and irregular and correct planting of bare-root seedlings of narrow-leaved ash are described and shown with the original illustrations. The influence of soil compaction on seed germination, seedling development, morphological characteristics of the above and below ground part of seedlings and root system is explained. The disadvantages of container production of forest seedlings in pure organic medium such as black peat and the disadvantages of planting seedlings produced in the field are discussed. Properly and incorrectly planted fields of narrow-leaved ash seedlings have been described and shown with the original illustrations. Modern technology of nursery production of narrow-leaved ash seedlings in containers and the benefits of afforestation of seedlings of coated root are presented. Container production is semi-automated and planting in the field should be done exclusively with the help of planters, whose features and advantages are presented in the article. Innovative solutions for the construction of a planter are described with regard to the shape of the hole that they make. It is important that the holes made by the planters are not round or square / rectangular, otherwise the planting holes will break or burst away from the surrounding soil. In the case of planters operating a rhombus-shaped hole or dug-in planting pit, there is no cracking at the edge of the hole, but the hole shoots all over the profile, which is more favorable to the root system of the plant. The original illustrations show examples of poor and good geometric shapes of a plant pit. An example taken from the Brestje nursery in Sesvete (Croatian Forests Ltd.) is used to illustrate the technology of nursery production of container seedlings of narrow-leaved ash. The data from the substrate declaration used in container production of seedlings were compared with the results of our own chemical analyzes at the time of planting the seedlings in the field after one growing vegetation. The extraction of elements from the substrate samples is described and so is the preparation of samples for trace element content determination by the ICP-AES technique. The values of the main substrate parameters obtained by the ICP-AES technique are presented, as well as the content of macro and micro nutrients in the substrate. The article presents the main morphological characteristics of container seedlings of narrow-leaved ash planted in the Lipovljani forest area in autumn 2017. In particular, the appearance of the washed root system of an average container seedling and its morphological analysis by means of WinRHIZO ProLA2400 (2005) scanner and software are presented. The causes of high mortality of narrow-leaved ash seedlings during afforestation in the Republic of Croatia are described, and concrete measures are proposed to improve the current situation in line with good forestry practices implemented in the countries of Central Europe and Scandinavia.
U radu se donosi analiza imenica a-vrste muškoga roda u govorima Makarskoga primorja i Neretvanske doline. Svi govori Makarskoga primorja spadaju u novoštokavski ikavski dijalekt, kao i dio govora ...Neretvanske doline, dok je drugi dio neretvanskih govora dijelom istočnohercegovačkoga dijalekta.
U morfološkome smislu govore Makarskoga primorja i dijela novoštokavskih govora Neretvanske doline povezuje prevlast kratke množine imenica muškoga roda u odnosu na dugu koja prevladava u istočnohercegovačkim govorima Neretvanske doline. Na doticaju tih dviju skupina govora nalaze se govori koji imaju mješovite oblike, i dugu i kratku množinu. Takva je raspodjela i u distribuciji nastavka u I jd. m. r. te u DLI množine m. r. Naglasna analiza pokazuje da n. p. A nije podložna sinkronijskim međuparadigmatskim utjecajima.
N. p. B nije izmijenjena kroz cijelu paradigmu u svim govorima u kojima pos-
toji kratka množina. U slivanjsko-zažapskim govorima imenice a-vrste uglavnom imaju dugu množinu koju ujednačavaju prema n. p. A. Takva promjena nije zabilježena u govorima Makarskoga primorja. Izrazito očuvanje n. p. C značajka je govora istočnohercegovačkoga dijalekta, napose zažapskih govora, gdje je živa razlika D i L jd. te pomičnost cijele paradigme. U ostalim su neretvanskim govorima inovacija fakultativne paradigme (n. p. C/A) ili miješane paradigme (n. p. C-A), koje su uglavnom potvrđene u govorima Makarskoga primorja.
Sivi puh (
Glis glis
L.) je najveći pripadnik porodice puhova. Arborealna je i nokturnalna životinja koja je autohtona vrsta divljači u Hrvatskoj. U radu su obrađeni morfološki parametri, kao što su ...mase (tijelo s repom, tijelo bez repa, glava, rep, jetra, bubreg, srce, pluća, puno probavilo i radman) i duljine pojedinih dijelova tijela (tijelo s repom, tijelo bez repa, rep te raspon prednjih i stražnjih udova), izmjereni na 32 adultne jedinke (18 ženki i 14 mužjaka) ulovljenim tijekom lovne sezone 2017./2018.) na području Dalmatinske zagore. Statistički značajna razlika između mužjaka i ženki utvrđena je u duljini tijela bez repa (p=0,049) i masi repa (p= 0,041), mužjaci imaju veće vrijednosti za obje značajke. Ostali izmjereni parametri nisu pokazali statitistički značajnu razliku između spolova. Spolni dimorfizam kod ovog glodavca nije izražen, iako mužjaci u prosjeku imaju nešto veću masu od ženki. Na temelju boje krzna i veličine tijela nije moguće razlikovati adultne od juvenilnih jedinki. Izmjereni morfološki parametri uglavnom se podudaraju s rezultatima sličnih istraživanja.
Edible dormouse (
Glis glis
L.) is the largest dormouse species. The edible dormouse is autochthonous game species in Croatia, and arboreal animal that is active at night. During the hunting season 2017./2018. we have collected 32 adult individuals (18 females and 14 males), on the area Dalmatian hinterland. Following sex determination, the following morphological parameters were measured: mass (total mass including tail, total mass without tail , head, tail, liver, kidney, heart, lung, digestive system and radman) and body length measurements (body length including tail, body length without tail, front and back width of the puck and tail length). Statistically significant difference between males and females was found in the length of the body without the tail (p = 0.049) and tail mass (p = 0.041), with males displaying greater values for both of these features. The other measured parameters did not show significant differences between sexes. Sexual dimorphism in this rodent is not pronounced, though on average males tend to be larger and heavier than females. It was not possible to differentiate adults and juveniles based on the color of the fur and the body size. Measured morphological parameters mostly coincide with results of similar research. Edible part of internal organs constitutes 5.1% of live weight (heart and lungs 1.8%, livers 2.43% and kidneys 0.8%). Non-edible part includes stomach and intestines (12.3%), head (11.78%), tail (4%) and skin and metapodia (11.21%). Sex of an individual Edible dormouse can be safely determined by looking at the external sex organs. Body length and total mass of Edible dormouse in Dalmatian hinterland is similar to the population in the Gorski Kotar region. Although we have established a statistically significant difference in the length of the body without the tail and the mass of the tail of the males compared to the same indicators in females, they are not sufficient for the use in recognizing sex of Edible dormouse.
Morfološke značajke imenica u govoru Crnoga Luga Knaus, Nikolina; Marinković, Marina
Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje,
01/2021, Letnik:
47, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
U radu se prikazuju morfološka obilježja imenica u mjesnome govoru Crnoga Luga, koji je dijelom zapadnoga poddijalekta kajkavskoga goranskoga dijalekta. Glavni je cilj istraživanja utvrditi ...vlastitosti u crnoluškoj imeničkoj sklonidbi. Sekundarno, na temelju podudarnosti s obližnjim kajkavskim gorskokotarskim govorima, drugi je cilj rada smjestiti govor Crnoga Luga u širi dijalektološki kontekst u svjetlu goranske morfologije.
The paper describes the morphology of nouns in the
local dialect of Crni Lug in Gorski Kotar, which belongs to the western subtype
of Gorski Kotar Kajkavian dialect. The conclusions are based on the
transcription of the recorded noun paradigms in the area of Crni Lug. The
recordings where made in the summer and winter of 2020. Nouns are classified
into three declension types:
a-
,
e-
and
i-
type according to the grammatical morpheme in genitive singular.
Nouns of the masculine and neuter gender of the Crni Lug dialect belong to the
a-
type, and nouns of the feminine gender
are divided into
e-
and
i-
type. Each case and case continuation
is described separately. In addition, its origin is described separately in
relation to the current situation in which the specifics of the deviation are
determined, and examples of nouns in the dialect of Crni Lug are given as
confirmation.
Cilj istraživanja je ispitivanje relacija morfoloških, normalnih i patoloških konativnih karakteristika rukometaša Prve rukometne lige Srbije. U istraživanju je primijenjen sistem od 51 varijable (23 ...antropometrijske, 16 normalnih konativnih i 12 patoloških konativnih varijabli). Podaci su prikupljeni na prigodnom uzorku (N=71) i obrađeni pomoću kanoničke korelacione analize. Rezultati pokazuju da između sistema antropometrijskih varijabli i sistema normalnih konativnih karakteristika postoji kanonička korelacija (Rc =0,80; p<0,00), a između sistema normalnih i patoloških konativnih karakteristika dobijene su dvije statistički značajne korelacije (Rc =0,69; p<0,00 i Rc =0,62; p<0,02). Rukometaši ektomezomorfnog tipa se karakterišu na jednom polu longitudinalnim mjerama a na drugom transverzalnom dimenzionalnošću obimom femoralne regije ako imaju povećane vrijednosti u konativnim varijablama, ekstraverti su i neanksiozni. Kod rukometaša koji su ljubazni i pažljivi prema drugima postoji porast skorova na depresivnosti kao i kod onih koji pokazuju izraženiju živahnost i impulsivnost i ekspresivnost. Rukometaši koji češće manifestuju dominantno, takmičarsko, asertivno ili čak agresivno ponašanje su anksiozniji, dok su oni koji su moralniji i više poštuju pravila su skloniji hipersenzitivnosti. Oni koji su neustrašiviji i avanturističkog duha imaju više skorove na opsesivnosti. Napeti, energični i nestrpljivi rukometaši češće razvijaju gastrointestinalnu konverziju, hipohondriju i fobičnost.
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