The relevance of the study is that distance learning completely changes the relationship between teacher and student, offering modern opportunities for independent development. However, this type of ...knowledge acquisition requires self-discipline and high motivation, since the interaction of subjects is gradually changing and involves the overall development of the individual and the shift of emphasis to independent cognitive activity. Unfortunately, a large number of students are not ready to study the material in remote conditions, which is confirmed by a lack of self-discipline and a tendency to disobedient actions. The inappropriate organisation of distance learning for subjects of art disciplines, in particular vocal lessons, makes the educational material uninteresting and contributes to the loss of motivation. For effective work it is important to set tasks correctly and clearly, to cover them with characteristic significance, which should become internally accepted by the student in the future. The purpose of the study is to cover and review the core aspects that are part of the motivation of students of art disciplines, particularly during vocal lessons in distance learning. Learning motivation in the remote form is a prerequisite for productive learning activities. The need for access to quality education with the use of information and electronic means is a basic requirement of the modern educational system. With the rapid change of environment and requirements for distance learning, the lack of information on the impact of motivational elements is becoming an urgent issue. An important area of the innovative integration structure of educational institutions is the information support of students aimed at obtaining quality results. The practical value lies in the search for mechanisms to develop the motivation of art students in distance learning, highlighting the main practical recommendations for increasing motivation in this format of information reproduction, which can be used in further activities
The purpose of this study was to investigate motivational and preventive factors influencing schools physical education teaching from the perspective of physical education teachers. A number of 153 ...physical education teachers were selected from Sanandaj city through accessible sampling method. The instrument used in this section was a researcher made questionnaire including 2 sections of motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) and 3 sections of preventive factors (student-centered, teacher-centered and institutional). Face validity and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by the experienced professors in the field of psychology and physical education. Construct validity was also confirmed through use of factor analysis (AGFI= 0.92, df=437, p=0.01). Its reliability coefficient was obtained in a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.93). For data analysis, one-sample and independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and post hoc test were used. The results showed significant difference between motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) as well as between barriers factors (student-centered, teacher-centered and institutional) in physical education teaching from the viewpoint of teachers. Also, intrinsic motivational factor and institutional preventive factor have most influence on physical education teaching. Therefore, considering motivational factors based on self-determination theory, such as creating a sense of competence, independence and communication in physical education classes, encourage parents to physical education lesson, existence suitable sports spaces in schools and preventive factors including a reduction in the number of students in class and increasing the funding are important.
This study investigates women entrepreneurs’ multifaceted challenges and opportunities in Lebanon, using the Demand-Constraint-Choice (DCC) framework to analyze their drivers, motivations, and ...challenges. Through a qualitative research approach, the study adopted semi-structured interviews with twelve female entrepreneurs from various sectors in Lebanon. These interviews aimed to gain insights into their entrepreneurial drive, challenges, leadership roles, and decision-making processes within the local entrepreneurial ecosystem. Despite significant socio-economic hurdles, including restricted access to financial resources, prevalent gender biases, and cultural stereotypes, the findings reveal that Lebanese women entrepreneurs are highly resilient and adaptable. They strategically utilize their social networks and innovate within their means to navigate and prosper in the challenging entrepreneurial landscape. The study highlights that these women’s entrepreneurial leadership skills include coping with demands and constraints and making difficult choices. The research further identifies critical challenges such as inadequate financial support, societal biases against women, and the difficulties imposed by Lebanon’s economic environment. In response to these challenges, the study proposes several policy recommendations to enhance support for women entrepreneurs. These include increasing access to financial resources, establishing robust support networks, and implementing gender-sensitive policies to facilitate a more conducive environment for women’s entrepreneurship. It underscores the importance of supporting and empowering women entrepreneurs in Lebanon as vital agents of economic change and innovation, recommending strategic actions to alleviate their challenges and maximize their entrepreneurial potential.
Overconfidence in Phishing Email Detection Wang, Jingguo; Li, Yuan; Rao, H. Raghav
Journal of the Association for Information Systems,
11/2016, Letnik:
17, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This study examines overconfidence in phishing email detection. Researchers believe that overconfidence (i.e., where one's judgmental confidence exceeds one's actual performance in decision making) ...can lead to one's adopting risky behavior in uncertain situations. This study focuses on what leads to overconfidence in phishing detection. We performed a survey experiment with 600 subjects to collect empirical data for the study. In the experiment, each subject judged a set of randomly selected phishing emails and authentic business emails. Specifically, we examined two metrics of overconfidence (i.e., overprecision and overestimation). Results show that cognitive effort decreased overconfidence, while variability in attention allocation, dispositional optimism, and familiarity with the business entities in the emails all increased overconfidence in phishing email detection. The effect of perceived self-efficacy of detecting phishing emails on overconfidence was marginal. In addition, all confidence beliefs poorly predicted detection accuracy and poorly explained its variance, which highlights the issue of relying on them to guide one's behavior in detecting phishing. We discuss mechanisms to reduce overconfidence.
Purpose
Access to clean drinking water is a major encumbrance in developing countries. In Ghana, urban water supply is below internationally recognised standards, especially among the urban poor, ...sub-urban and rural communities. Stakeholders and institutional inefficiencies may be hindrances facing the Ghanaian water supply process. Therefore, this study aims to appraise the motivational factors and outcome of stakeholders’ engagement and identify the factors that influence effective institutional management of urban water supply in Ghana.
Design/methodology/approach
Sequential exploratory mixed methods were adopted and analysed to proffer answers to the research questions. Nineteen participants and 521 respondents were sampled for the qualitative and quantitative phases.
Findings
Findings reveal that the institutional processes and stakeholder engagement significantly influence the effectiveness of the management of urban water supply in Ghana. Findings identified 35 motivational factors and categorised them into the health of the population, socio-economic, technological and innovation trends, policy reform and adaptive governance. Also, the 22 institutional factors identified were categorised into three groups: regulatory framework, ethics for managing water supply and the culture of managing water supply.
Originality/value
Besides the study addressing the theoretical gap regarding which variables are germane in influencing the effective management of urban water supply, the study may be among the top studies that have appraised the role of stakeholders in the institutional management of urban water supply in Ghana.
Motivation plays an essential part in learning, especially in second language acquisition (SLA). This paper investigates the learning motivation of Vietnamese economics-related majors studying ...English as a Foreign Language (EFL), utilizing Dornyei’s (2005) L2 motivational self-system as the theoretical framework. The subjects were 236 first-year and 99 second-year students. A mixed method research design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed. The 6-point scale questionnaire was adapted from Dörnyei’s (2005, 2009), including 24 items to explore students’ Ideal L2 Self, the Ought-to L2 Self, the students’ attitudes and their effort in learning English. The quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS software for Mean, Standard Deviation, and correlations. The open-ended section and focus group interview probed further into the students’ motivation, influencing factors, as well as the student recommendations for stakeholders in order to enhance their motivation to learn English. The study proposes some implications for EFL instructors, curriculum developers, and administrators to promote students’ motivation in English learning.
This inquiry explored the motivational factors and barriers to participation in Professional Development Programmes (PDPs) in Tanzania’s higher education institutions. Using a qualitative approach ...and a purposively selected sample of 26 respondents, the study employed semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation and document review to generate requisite data. The resultant qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. The study found that faculty members had both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to participate in PDPs. Intrinsically, they participated in PDPs to develop competencies related to their job performance, especially teaching and research as well coping with technological changes. Extrinsically, faculties participated in PDPs for financial gain from the allowances offered during PDPs. The study also found that enforced PDPs and lack of recognition of PDPs for promotion demotivated faculties and, subsequently affected their future participation in PDPs. Despite scientific and technological changes taking, senior faculties were unmotivated and, hence, reluctant to participate in PDP activities. On the other hand, the study found lack of needs assessment, deficit of funds, disorganised and scarce PDPs were the main barriers to enhanced participation in PDPs. As such, universities in Tanzania should improve the provision of PDPs to motivate more faculties to partake in PDPs to meet university goals. In addition, senior faculty members should participate in PDPs to adapt to changes and learn to work with newer technologies brought by the rapid changes in world due to globalisation instead of just relying on their acquired experiences and tradition.
This study evaluated whether the organisational culture of the country causes a moderating effect on the relationship between motivational factors and knowledge sharing intention (KSI) from the ...perspective of Toyota managers in Japan and Brazil. The questionnaire applied to Toyota managers, in Brazil (n = 84) and Japan (n = 111) through online access. The data treatment applied structural equation modelling. The results revealed that Brazilian managers attributed higher mean values than the average values of Japanese managers. Analysis of the two samples revealed no significant differences in the structure of the structural equation model through the use of PLS-PM. While for the Brazilian sample only anticipated reciprocal relationship explained KSI, for the Japanese sample, the anticipated reciprocal relationship and sense of self-worth contributed to explaining KSI. Three interactions between the three moderation variables and the three independent variables were significant when analysing the sample of Brazilian managers.
Purpose
To a large extent, knowledge in government workplaces resides within the hierarchy as it provides unique services to the public. Governments should preserve and pass on valuable and ...irreplaceable knowledge in providing their services through learning by sharing. Yet, sharing requires time and effort. This study examines the motivations of civil servants to share knowledge and their knowledge-sharing behaviors.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted an online survey to collect quantitative data from civil servants in the Hong Kong Government and obtained 104 useable responses to test the eight hypotheses comprising six constructs by structural equation modeling to explore the participants' knowledge-sharing behaviors.
Findings
Results indicated that (1) expected contribution was the primary source of motivation behind knowledge sharing; (2) participants engaged more frequently in informal than formal knowledge-sharing activities; and (3) there was a dire need for knowledge sharing focusing on explicit knowledge of work procedures.
Originality/value
The research focuses on motivational factors for knowledge sharing. Despite abundant literature about knowledge sharing in public or governmental organizations, scant studies focus on the motivations behind why expected rewards and expected associations have less significant impacts on the attitude toward knowledge sharing than expected contribution.
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