The presented work expands on that published in Astrophysics and Space Science a decade ago. In the previous publication we described a wonderful phenomenon—synchronous change of the shape of the ...histograms obtained from measurements of dark current fluctuations in the two photomultipliers located more than two thousand kilometers apart from each other. This work was a part of our persistent continuous studies showing the regularities in changes shape of histograms, i.e. spectra of amplitude fluctuations of the rates of different processes, constructed for relatively short section of the experimental time series. These regularities are similar for the processes of completely different nature: biochemical reactions, radioactive decay (both
α
and
β
), Brownian motion, or noise in the electronic devices. The regularities manifest themselves in the periodicity of changes of the shape of histograms. Phenomenon of regular changes in histogram shapes was termed “macroscopic fluctuations” (MF). We have shown that MF are determined by diurnal rotation of the Earth, its movement around the Sun, as well as by mutual disposition of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun.
Recently we have observed the similar effects in the experiments with the fluctuations of light beams generated by light-emitting diodes and lasers. These new results are described in our manuscript. The discovery of MF anisotropy called for substantial improvement of the measurement techniques to study spatial anisotropy. The collimators used in the measurements of
α
-radioactivity have a spatial resolution limit of a few degrees (the range of
α
-particle in the air is several centimeters, with the diameter of the collimator channel 1 mm).
The application of light beams allows to improve spatial resolution to tenths of second of arc. With such a resolution, devices for measurements of light-beam fluctuations can become an important tool in the astrophysical studies of the MF phenomenon. The device for such measurements is compact, and tremendously cheaper than complicated, giant and “astronomically” expensive international currently used constructions.
La révolution copernicienne a des conséquences cosmologiques sur lesquelles Copernic a été peu disert, et dont il faut attendre Giordano Bruno ou Descartes pour mesurer l’exacte portée. L’aspect le ...plus spectaculaire de cette révolution post-copernicienne est bien sûr la suppression de la sphère des étoiles fixes. L’article examine cette question sous deux aspects : (i) les conséquences problématiques de l’immobilisation copernicienne de la sphère des fixes par rapport à la fiction théologique d’un ciel empyrée, et (ii) la (vaine) recherche d’une parallaxe stellaire, supposée, chez Kepler, Galilée et Descartes, constituer une preuve a posteriori de la théorie copernicienne. On souligne enfin la grande subtilité de l’argumentation déployée dans les Principia Philosophiae de Descartes (1644) qui utilisent la supposition « arbitraire » de l’empyrée pour renvoyer dos-à-dos les coperniciens strictement géomobilistes, et leurs adversaires tychoniens, qui espéraient, moyennant cette supposition, pouvoir laisser la Terre immobile au centre du monde.
The main purpose of this paper is to reveal certain misconceptions of astronomical phenomena and of celestial bodies that lower secondary school pupils have and which might represent an obstacle in ...the process of acquiring knowledge of astronomy, geography, and physics. We applied a questionnaire to a group of 26 pupils in the 6th grade at Colegiul Naţional Pedagogic „Gh. Lazăr” (“Gh. Lazăr National Pedagogical College) in Cluj-Napoca, in the school year 2010 – 2011. The questionnaire consisted of six independent topics: the alternation of day and night, the seasons, the Moon, the solar system, the constellations and the speed of light. Pupils’ answers to these questions emphasize the importance of the study of astronomy as a school subject in order to facilitate building up appropriate mind constructs of the highest degree of objectivity about the world, about the environment we live in.
We present the first quality-controlled relative sea-level (RSL) database for the Russian Arctic coast from the Barents Sea in the west to Laptev Sea in the east (29–152oE and 63 to 81oN). The ...database consists of 385 sea-level index points and 249 limiting dates and spans 24 ka to present. Sea-level indicators are derived from multiple proxies, including isolation basins, raised beaches, glacial erratics, marine terraces, laidas (salt marshes), and deltaic salt marshes. Here, we calculate the indicative meanings for all indicators and evaluated possible elevation errors. We have estimated the ages and uncertainties of index points and limiting dates using the most recent calibration datasets.
In the western Russian Arctic (Barents and White Seas), RSL was driven by glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) due to deglaciation of the Eurasian ice sheet complex. For example, within the Baltic crystalline shield, RSL fell rapidly from 80 to 100 m at 11–12 ka to 15–25 m at ∼4–5 ka. In the Arctic Islands of Franz-Joseph Land and Novaya Zemlya, RSL gradually fell from 25 to 35 m at 9 ka to 5–10 m at 3 ka. The Timan coast and the Kara Sea shelf are characterized by constant RSL rise due to proglacial forebulge collapse; Yamal and the Gydan Peninsula and Novaya Zemlya are all marked by a high LGM position of RSL, followed by a lowstand and consequent rise to a late Holocene highstand of several meters. Data from the Laptev Sea coasts and shelf and the New Siberian Islands demonstrate post-LGM RSL rise with a Holocene highstand of up to 5–10 m, with scatter caused by differential tectonic movements along a diffuse lithospheric plate boundary. The collected database allowed to estimate and discuss the reasons of both spatial and temporal variability of RSL histories in different parts of the Russian Arctic.
•A database of post-glacial relative sea-level in the Russian Arctic was collected.•For the first time, both spatial and temporal uncertainties of RSL histories were estimated.•The main drivers of RSL variability were GIA, deglaciation patterns and vertical tectonic land motion.
This work presents the relationships between the measured present Earth crust movement and sedimentary cover feature indexes with the help of correlation and regressive analysis method. Indexes ...having the biggest impact on investigated nature processes have been distinguished while applying the incremental regression analysis. The research of correlative analysis coeffi cient‘s dependence on general correlative space has been performed. Forecast patterns of vertical Earth surface movement have been created and compared with the present ones with the help of regressive analysis method. Article in Lithuanian Dabartinių žemės plutos judesių Lietuvos pajūrio teritorijoje sąsajos su nuosėdinės dangos savybėmis Santrauka. Koreliacinės ir regresinės analizės metodais išnagrinėta išmatuotųjų dabartinių vertikaliųjų Žemės plutos judesių bei nuosėdinės dangos savybių sąsajos. Taikant atvirkštinės žingsninės regresijos analizę išskirti reikšmingiausieji tiriamų gamtinių procesų rodikliai. Atliktas koreliacinės analizės koeficientų priklausomybės bendrai koreliacinei erdvei tyrimas. Sudaryti bei su esamais palyginti regresinės analizės metodu prognozuojamų vertikaliųjų Žemės paviršiaus judesių modeliai. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vertikalieji Žemės plutos judesiai, teritorijos geologinė charakteristika, tiesinė regresinė analizė, žingsninė regresinė analizė, prognozuojamieji Žemės plutos judesiai.
Often, during the analysis of the Recent vertical motions of the Earth's crust, it's operating by the knots of the benchmarks in networks with different range. Usually, various models of a dynamic ...behavior of the benchmarks are postulating. But there isn't a model, which is not devoid with indefinable in translation. The problem with indefinable is corresponding with the problem for a choice of a fundamental ("immovable") benchmark. For an "immovable" benchmark could be chosen an arbitrary benchmark in the network. It is necessary a preliminary geological and seismological information about the region. And even in the presence of a similar information, it is impossible we know with confidence if a benchmark has changed its position during the investigated period. At the same time, for a stable and correct adjustment of the levelling network is necessary at least one of the benchmarks to be accepted as basic, which in the case means - relatively stable. A possible decision, in this context, is to be detected "relatively stable", from a geodynamic point of view, areas on the territory of RBulgaria. With that end in view, the results from fully completed, for the present, three cycles of measurements between the benchmarks in the State levelling network- I class are analyzed. The accent at the time of the analysis is based on the variations of the height-differences between the identical benchmarks in the network, determined on the base of the measurements during the different cycles. There is made a suggestion the executed approach of investigation to become a basis about a well-grounded choice of a main ("initial") benchmark and for a new entirely readjusting of the network in each different cycle.
In addition to its main purpose: establishing and maintaining the parameters of the height system for the territory of a given state (country), state levelling networks also serve to establish ...(register) the contemporary (recent) vertical movements of the Earth's crust. The detection of such movements, besides in a purely research sense, is of great practical importance. The displacement of the benchmarks over time plays an essential role in seismic forecasting in the short and long term. Sometimes, not very often, it happens that the duration of the measurements in a single cycle of State levelling network measurement is commensurate or nearly commensurate with the period between the different cycles. Such a fact raises serious issues to be addressed, both in the process of preliminary accuracy estimation of the measurements and in the formation of the adjustment model. A period of ten years or more is long enough for displacements on the order of a few mm (millimeters) to become apparent and to be reliably detected. One possible approach, in such cases, is to apply a modified version of adjustment using the Least Squares Method. It would be appropriate, as additional unknowns, to introduce the velocities of the individual benchmarks of the network into the adjustment model. Thus, taking into account the time of the start of the measurements, preconditions are created for taking into account the dynamic behaviour of the benchmarks during the measurement period. The applied adjustment model is based on the so-called "dynamic" or "kinematic" adjustment model, which also takes into account some technological features in the overall network measurement process.
Using the author’s methods for modulating movements, a new map of the recent vertical movements rates of the Earth’s crust of Lithuanian territory is made. It is based on vertical movement values ...using geodetic measurements and reliance of correlation and regression of the main geological parameters of the territory. The current Earth’s crust vertical movements on the Lithuanian territory varies from –3.5 to +2.5 mm/y. The major depth of the crust rising and the most variations of movements rate gradients are in the Eastern Lithuania, but the sinking in Southern and South-Western part of Lithuania. Using a regressing mathematical model, the reliability of the map is analysed and found, that the probability of it according to the results of geodetic measurements is no less than 0.95. Article in Lithuanian Naujas Lietuvos teritorijos vertikaliųjų Žemės plutos judesių žemėlapis Santrauka. Sudarytas naujas Lietuvos teritorijos dabartinių vertikaliųjų Žemės plutos judesių greičių žemėlapis, judesiams modeliuoti taikant autorių pasiūlytą metodiką. Metodika pagrįsta vertikaliųjų judesių reikšmių ir teritorijos svarbiausių georodiklių koreliacinėmis ir regresinėmis priklausomybėmis, gautomis atlikus geodezinius matavimus. Dabartiniai vertikaliųjų Žemės plutos judesių greičiai Lietuvos teritorijoje yra nuo –3,5 iki +2,5 mm per metus. Intensyviausias Žemės plutos kilimas ir didžiausia judesių greičių gradientų kaita yra šiaurės rytinėje Lietuvos dalyje, o grimzdimas – pietinėje ir pietvakarinėje srityse. Ištirtas pagal regresinį matematinį modelį sudaryto žemėlapio patikimumas ir nustatyta, kad žemėlapio atitikimo pagal geodezinių matavimų rezultatus tikimybė yra ne mažesnė nei 0,95. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vertikalieji Žemės plutos judesiai, regresinis modelis.
The correlation analysis of measured vertical movements of the crystal base relief and the deposit cover geological indexes was performed in the north–east part of Lithuanian territory. A tough ...correlation connection between earth surface movements and the geologic, geomorphologic rates was determined. For the forecast and specification of tectonic background the regression model was adopted. Article in Lithuanian Dabartinių vertikaliųjų žemės plutos judesių šiaurės rytinėje Lietuvos dalyje regresiniai modeliai Santrauka. Šiaurės rytinėje Lietuvos teritorijos dalyje atlikta išmatuotų vertikaliųjų judesių bei kristalinio pamato reljefo ir nuosėdinės dangos geologinių rodiklių koreliacinė analizė. Nustatytas artimas koreliacinis ryšys tarp vertikaliųjų Žemės paviršiaus judesių ir teritorijos geologinių, geomorfologinių rodiklių. Teritorijos tektoniniam fonui detalizuoti bei jo prognozei taikytas regresinis modelis. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vertikalieji Žemės plutos judesiai, regresinis modelis. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vertikalieji Žemės plutos judesiai, regresinis modelis.
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