Recent years have seen a sharp increase in empirical studies on the constrict claim: the hypothesized detrimental effect of ethnic diversity on most if not all aspects of social cohesion. Studies ...have scrutinized effects of different measures of ethnic heterogeneity in different geographical areas on different forms of social cohesion. The result has been a cacophony of empirical findings. We explicate mechanisms likely to underlie the negative relationship between ethnic heterogeneity and social cohesion: the homophily principle, feelings of anomie, group threat, and social disorganization. Guided by a clear conceptual framework, we structure the empirical results of 90 recent studies and observe three patterns. We find that (a) there is consistent support for the constrict claim for aspects of social cohesion that are spatially bounded to neighborhoods, (b) support for the constrict claim is more common in the United States than in other countries, and (c) ethnic diversity is not related to less interethnic social cohesion. We discuss the implications of these patterns.
This article discusses the findings and implications of an existential-phenomenological study which explored the lived experience of eight Armenians who voluntarily migrated to London. The concepts ...of voluntary and involuntary migration are questioned, before reviewing the existential impact of intergenerational trauma. The process of self-reconstruction and acculturation within migrant and war-torn communities is considered, offering key insights and recommendations for practitioners and the public existing alongside migrant populations.
According to recent research, ethnoracial diversity negatively affects trust and social capital. This article challenges the current conception and measurement of "diversity" and invites scholars to ...rethink "so-cial capital" in complex societies. It reproduces the analysis of Putnam and shows that the association between diversity and self-reported trust is a compositional artifact attributable to residential sorting: non-whites report lower trust and are overrepresented in heterogeneous communities. The association between diversity and trust is better explained by differences between communities and their residents in terms of race/ethnicity, residential stability, and economic conditions; these classic indicators of inequality, not diversity, strongly and consistently predict self-reported trust. Diversity indexes also obscure the distinction between in-group and out-group contact. For whites, heterogeneity means more out-group neighbors; for nonwhites, heterogeneity means more in-group neighbors. Therefore, separate analyses were conducted by ethnoracial groups. Only for whites does living among out-group members--not in diverse communities per se--negatively predict trust.
Ottoman Istanbul retained its position as the cultural center of the Greek community for centuries. During this period, Greeks interacted with multicultural societies in the city. Their musical ...culture and interests were also influenced by social interactions. As a result, they recorded some Ottoman musical pieces in various manuscripts from the 16th to the 20th centuries. In the 19th century Greek musicians, mainly cantors, started to publish a series of works on Ottoman repertoire and theory. First, Euterpi (1830) was published in Istanbul. Then a number of publications emerged prior to 1909, at which point O Rithmographos, the last theoretical work of the time, was published. At that time, both the reform of the Orthodox Church (1814) under the influence of modernism and the spread of the printing press facilitated the distribution of such books. In order to write makam music with an efficient technique, they drew upon some theoretical principles from European, Ottoman and church music alike. Since these theoretical adaptations were the result of both technical needs and cultural tendencies, the Greeks cultivated an epistemic originality in terms of makam theory and its history. Moreover, this was the reason that a symbiotic knowledge emerged, drawing upon the aforementioned sources. This study aims to demonstrate both the symbiosis and the originality by examining the musical knowledge embedded in Greek-Karamanlidika publications. The sources will be evaluated in terms of notation, terminology, theory (makam and usûl), repertoire and historical understanding of the makam tradition. The aim of the study is to carry out musicological research on those publications in light of the multicultural character of 19th-century Istanbul.
The All of Us Research Program (All of Us) is a national effort to accelerate health research by exploring the relationship between lifestyle, environment, and genetics. It is set to become one of ...the largest research efforts in U.S. history, aiming to build a national resource of data from at least one million participants. All of Us aims to address the need for more diversity in research and set the stage for that diversity to be leveraged in precision medicine research to come. This paper describes how the program assessed demographic characteristics of participants who have enrolled in other U.S. biomedical research cohorts to better understand which groups are traditionally represented or underrepresented in biomedical research. We 1) reviewed the enrollment characteristics of national cohort studies like All of Us, and 2) surveyed the literature, focusing on key diversity categories essential to the program's enrollment aims. Based on these efforts, All of Us emphasizes enrollment of racial and ethnic minorities, and has formally designated the following additional groups as historically underrepresented: individuals-with inadequate access to medical care; under the age of 18 or over 65; with an annual household income at or below 200% of the federal poverty level; who have a cognitive or physical disability; have less than a high school education or equivalent; are intersex; identify as a sexual or gender minority; or live in rural or non-metropolitan areas. Research accounting for wider demographic variability is critical. Only by ensuring diversity and by addressing the very barriers that limit it, can we position All of Us to better understand and tackle health disparities.
This article provides an overview of studies dedicated to the current state of the research of ergonyms, their classifications, functions and the analysis of language diversity that forms the ...ergonymy of Barcelona. Linguistic landscape is formed under the influence of social processes, thus being an indicator of the language preferences of the population. The formation of ergonyms belonging is a continuous process due to the socio-economic changes taking place in society and, above all, due to the integration with the economy, culture and the influence of other extralinguistic factors.
La literatura infantil es uno de los elementos que se incorpora en las formas de vida los niños y niñas. Como producto cultural cumple una función social y comunicativa, que puede hacer parte de la ...construcción subjetiva del mundo de estos sujetos sociales, partícipes de las configuraciones culturales, de ahí, que conocer el abordaje que hace este material literario frente a la educación y la inclusión, es relevante teniendo en cuenta las múltiples formas de exclusión existentes en el contexto colombiano. Este artículo expone los resultados de la investigación "Discursos vinculados a la educación para la inclusión en los libros álbum de la literatura infantil colombiana publicada entre el 2008 y 2021" que tuvo como objetivos identificar, caracterizar y analizar dichos discursos. La metodología desarrolló una perspectiva hermenéutica, empleando como método el análisis del discurso multimodal propuesto por Kress y Van Leeuwen (2001), que permite la revisión de los distintos modos semióticos encontrados en la narrativa del libro álbum. Los principales resultados fueron la predominancia de la ilustración como mecanismo clave en la representación de las categorías grupos y ámbitos sociales, atendiendo al campo de conocimiento emergente de la educación para la inclusión con la presencia de personajes en ciclos de vida, género, condiciones y ámbitos diversos. Las conclusiones sugieren que si bien, en Colombia existen unas apuestas literarias infantiles que vinculan temas de la educación para la inclusión, aún son incipientes las referencias a temas como la discapacidad, la diversidad étnica y de género en los libros álbum colombianos.
This paper aims at studying how Shakespeare impacted on Herder, and how Herder uses Shakespeare's works as an illustration to form his opinions on nationalism. Shakespeare reflected the ideology, ...geo-politics of his age. His plays show the rise of the individual showing the signs of the rise of nationalism and the independent ideology of political freedom. Herder views them as a break from Greek drama having its regional features. Shakespeare becomes a symbol of Herder's nationalism and cultural diversity. The romanticism of Herder provided elements for the building of the idea of nation in Germany, and Shakespeare's plays helped him to arrive at a focused understanding of the changing processes and trends of European political history. Keywords: Johann Gottfried von Herder, Shakespeare, nationalism.
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