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•Eco-friendly EMI shielding textile possess excellent fire safety.•Renewable biomass as cotton fabric and flame retardant are effectively used.•Dip-coating AgNWs is used for tuning ...the EMI shielding effectiveness.•EMI shielding performance maintains well under the continuous external forces.
Considering that the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding textiles are deeply affected by the accidental fires, we have designed an eco-friendly flame retardant and EMI shielding cotton fabric. Herein, the cotton fabric, a biomass material, serve as the skeleton and the polyethylenimine/phytic acid (PEI/PA) layer as well as silver nanowires (AgNWs) conductive networks are formed on the surface of cotton fibers through layer-by-layer assembled technology and dip-coating method, which is due to the strong electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding effect. The biomass material PA together with PEI functions well to be an effective intumescent flame retardant coating. Besides, the increasing amount of AgNWs constitutes an effective conductive metal shielding layer. Particularly, the cotton fabric with 24.2 wt% of PEI/PA layer and 7.5 wt% of AgNWs network possesses the effective self-extinguishing effect and minimizes the PHRR value about 58.59% of pure cotton fabric. Moreover, a high electrical conductivity of 2416.46 S/m and an impressive EMI shielding effectiveness of 32.98 dB are also achieved over the X-band frequency range with an absorption-dominated mechanism. The excellent flame retardant property and outstanding EMI shielding performance are attributed to the external well-constructed flame retardant layer and interconnected conductive network, which is confirmed by SEM images and EDS mapping images. Besides, it also keeps highly reliable shielding ability during the bending test, washing test and sandpaper abrasion test. Therefore, this flexible flame-retardant EMI shielding textile will benefit the eco-friendly and facile large-scale fabrication of multifunctional textile.
By airing wick materials, i.e. airing evaporation setup (AES), the solar evaporation rate is much higher than that of the current nanofluidic evaporation setup (NES) and floating evaporation setup ...(FES).
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•A simple but efficient airing evaporation setup (AES) was proposed.•No insulation material is required in AES.•The total evaporation rate of AES is about 20% higher than floating evaporation setup.•AES is mechanical flexible, hence very suitable for portable systems.•AES inspires the design of multifunctional textile for solar energy harvesting.
Solar evaporation is important for many applications such as desalination, power generation and industrial drying. Recently, some studies on evaporation reported obtaining high energy efficiency and evaporation rate, which are based on floating evaporation setup (FES) with nanomaterials. Here, a new cheap and simple setup is proposed, named as airing evaporation setup (AES). Compared to FES, there are four advantages of AES: a better thermal design, a higher energy efficiency, a higher material utilization ratio, and multi-function. It shows that the energy efficiency of AES reaches up to 87% under 1 kW/m2 of solar irradiation, which is 14% higher than that of FES. Meanwhile, the total evaporation rate of AES is about 20% higher than that of FES. The theoretical analysis reveals that the main reason for a better performance of AES is the increasing evaporation area. More interestingly, AES could be used for designing portable systems due to its simplicity and flexibility. Furthermore, it is shown that AES and the corresponding wick material can be used in solar desalination, textile quick-drying and warm-keeping.
Flexible wearable electronics with multi-functions are bound to become the future development trend in the fields of intelligent device application, involving human healthcare, dynamic thermal ...management and even radiation protection. Herein, we promote a facile method that combines solution immersion and suspension spraying to assemble a poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Ag NWs/MXene/fabric (PAM@fabric) device. In particular, we use poly (diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDAC) to pretreat the cotton fabric, which enables MXene to realize electrostatic self-assembly and greatly improve its stability. The multifunctional textile-based device with three-dimensional conductive network structure of MXene and Ag NWs presents durable and sensitive pressure sensing performance for detecting human joint motions and even subtle pulse. Besides, due to the excellent electrical conductivity of MXene and Ag NWs, the electronic also exhibits outstanding electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, as well as electrothermal conversion performance with controllability and extended cyclic stability. Accordingly, rational design provides a feasible path to prepare flexible multifunctional wearable devices.
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•Multifunctional electronic device (sensor, EMI and Joule heating) was prepared by simple immersion and spraying.•MXene constructs a stable structure with fabric through electrostatic self-assembly adsorption.•The synergistic network structure enhances sensing performance.
Human thermal comfort management, motion capture and protection are highly needed in electronic wearable devices for their stretchability, wearing comfort, and versatility. Multifunctional smart ...textile becomes a favorable solution. Here, multifunctional electronic knitted fabric for strain sensing and thermal management is provided by a simple dip-coating process, involving the deposition of one-dimensional (1D) silver nanowires (AgNWs) and two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbide/carbonitride (MXene) nanosheet. This multifunctional knitted fabric possesses excellent mechanical durability (>1000 cyclic stretching) and a wide strain sensing range limitation (~445%) comes from the high elastic knitted fabric. In addition, outstanding Joule heating (When the current is 0.10 A (A), the fabric can reach an equilibrium temperature of around 126 °C within 37 s, with a great electrothermal conversion efficiency hr+c of 0.13 and a maximum heating rate of 9.73 °C/s) and temperature sensing performance (temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of − 0.07%/°C) are achieved. Moreover, this smart fabric gives a high EMI shielding performance (44 dB). This work provides multifunctional AgNWs/MXene fabric using a simple dip-coating process for physical monitoring, wearable thermal management and other applications.
•A high stretchable AgNWs/MXenes conductive network derived from knitted fabric was provided.•This AgNWs/MXenes fabric is capable of high electrothermal conversion efficiency (hr+c of 0.13), large strain (~445%) and temperature sensing, and EMI shielding.
MXene-based functional textiles have been widely studied and applied in many fields. However, the service stability of MXene combined with textile substrates in the environment is far from ideal, ...which makes its practical application a great challenge. Here we introduced gallic acid (GA), as natural reactive polyphenol compound to silk fibers through enzymatic polymerization, which significantly improved the durability of its conductivity. The small molecules of GA can covalently bind to the titanium atoms on the MXene nanosheets, and the tyrosine residues from silk fibroins can be enzymatically oxidized by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and further coupled with GA simultaneously, thus forming a covalent cross-linked network on the fiber surfaces. Furthermore, the durable MXene-based textile was used to manufacture smart dual-driven thermal devices with temperature monitoring, which can judge the real-time temperature during heating by changes in its apparent color. More importantly, the textile with smart temperature visualization also offers good EMI shielding and superior UV resistance, while retaining its inherent moisture-wicking, breathable and softness. The present work provides a new insight for the preparation of MXene-based multifunctional textile, and the smart visualization of dual-driven heating shows promising applications in practical personal thermal management.
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•Enzymatic polymerization realizes the gallic acid (GA)-bridged attachment of MXene to the textile surface.•Conductivity stability and antioxidant properties of the MX@GA covalently-grafted textile are improved.•Smart textile can visualize real-time temperature monitoring while realizing electricity or solar heating.•Smart textile achieves multifunction while retaining their inherent breathable and softness properties.
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•A dual-functional textile device with energy storage and fluorescence was produced.•A fluorescent redox-active solid-gel electrolyte based on ZnS:Mn was prepared for the first ...time.•The hybrid textile supercapacitor exhibited enhanced energy storage performance.•Excellent cycling stability (100%) after 8000 charge/discharge cycles.•The device could easily power a sensor for ~12 min when charged during 10 s.
The evolution of wearable technologies boosted the development of energy storage textiles that can be charged faster and store energy for longer time. Achieving multifunctionality on textiles is a key milestone towards higher value-added smart products.
Herein, we report on the fabrication of a novel dual-functional textile device merging enhanced energy storage performance with optical properties. A redox-active solid-gel electrolyte based on fluorescent manganese(II)-doped zinc(II) sulfide was for the first time used to endow the dual functionality to the device when combined with MWCNT-coated textile electrodes. The textile electrodes were prepared through an eco-sustainable straightforward dip-pad-dry process using a natural cotton fabric substrate.
The fluorescent hybrid textile supercapacitor exhibited enhanced energy storage performance relative to the EDLC-type analogue containing the undoped electrolyte, namely 20% higher working voltage (1.64 V), 48% higher energy density (1.63 W h kg−1) and 74% higher power density (641.6 W kg−1). Additionally, it presented excellent cycling stability (100%) after 8000 charge/discharge cycles. The device exhibited intense yellow-orange fluorescence under UV light, while preserving the energy storage functionality. This work demonstrated the versatility of this type of devices for dark environment applications, namely in reflective/safety electronic clothing for nighttime users.
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•ZnO was prepared directly on cotton fabric using a completely green synthesis method.•Plant waste from food processing or invasive alien species was used for the preparation of ...reducing agents.•Different properties of cotton can be designed according to the reducing agent used.•Sustainable hydrophilic or hydrophobic cotton with excellent UV-protection was produced.
An extensive study on using plant waste aqueous extracts as natural chemicals for in-situ synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) on cotton is presented. Reducing agents were prepared from green tea leaves (GT), pomegranate peels (PG), and staghorn sumac leaves (SsL) and drupes (SsD), and the alkaline medium from discarded wood ash. Zinc acetate was found to be more appropriate precursor than zinc nitrate. Formation of ZnO on cotton was confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence results showed the highest amount of ZnO on cotton was formed using PG and SsL extracts, which was also confirmed with scanning electron microscopy and UV/visible spectroscopy. The ZnO-functionalised samples exhibited excellent UV-blocking ability and different wetting properties (hydrophilic or hydrophobic) depending on the reducing agent used due to their different total phenolic content. This study shows that by choosing the plant waste source as a reducing agent for ZnO formation directly on cotton, the properties of cotton can be designed to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic with excellent UV-blocking properties. The XRD results of ex-situ synthesis prove that the short reaction time enables the formation of ZnO.
The modern society is in a permanent transformation, therefore the textile industry has to continuously change and adapt their processes and products to be environmental friendly and to meet customer ...expectations in the today’s highly technologized world. In order to meet the requirements of the actual needs of society and the technological progress, the concept of the textile products has evolved, nowadays providing benefits in a variety of application such as comfort, healthcare, protection, agriculture, information, transportation, military equipment, sporting and outdoor products etc. Functionalisation of textiles represents the process that grant to textiles properties beyond the aesthetic and decorative attributes. The paper presents textiles with multiple functionalities such as fibres, yarns and textile structures and their significant characteristics: water repellency/vapour permeability, heat transfer, camouflage effect, ecotoxicological properties, antimicrobial activity and flammability. The assessment of efficiency of these characteristics is performed by modern and reliable physical and chemical procedures: measurement of water vapour resistance of textiles, determination of thermal resistance, spectral reflectance measurement in infrared range, phthalates determination by gas chromatography, determination of certain carcinogen aromatic amines by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. There are processes conducted in textile industry, from the fibre stage to fabric, that are harmful to environment. In this context, sustainability of textile industry implies manufacturing not only of competitive products but also environmentally friendly and safety products. Therefore, the content of potentially hazardous chemicals (e.g. azo dyes, formaldehyde, phthalates, pesticides, chlorinated phenols etc) is limited in finished textile.
In the 21
st
century, the occurrences of deadly viruses, mosquito-borne and pathogenic diseases have increased significantly. To avoid the spread of these diseases, one of the best strategies is to ...use protective textile products such as functional (antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, mosquito repellent) mask, scarf, gowns, curtains, bedsheets, etc. The present work deals with the preparation of chitosan-gelatin microcapsules loaded with cinnamon bark oil and the application of prepared microcapsules to the linen to develop multifunctional protective linen fabric. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the prepared microcapsules and the finished fabric. The encapsulation efficiency of microcapsules was also calculated to optimize the concentration of polymers and oil. The chitosan-gelatin shell on cinnamon bark oil core provided a controlled-release system, which delivers excellent washing durability to the functionalities of the finished linen. The finished linen with an excellent antibacterial property against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria and outstanding mosquito repellency (up to 100%) durable up to 20 washes was obtained. The finished fabric also showed durable and efficient antioxidant property and a fragrance. The use of bio-materials for the functional finishing of linen was reported.
•Green synthesis of functional self-cleaning textile through simple pad-dry-cure method.•Absolute absence of toxic reagent in finish formulation.•Employed self-cleaning performance against various ...mutagenic commercial dyes.•As-developed fabric present additional easy-care properties and extended strength retention.
Multifunctional textiles, especially with self-cleaning characteristics are among the highly desired products to reduce cleaning effort, water resources and ease of maintenance. In this study the surface properties of cotton are successfully modified through crosslinking of citric acid/chitosan immobilized transition metal oxide (TMO) nano photocatalysts through a facile and cost-effective pad-dry-cure method. The chemical interaction was established through FTIR spectroscopy. All samples present broad-spectrum self-cleaning ability while ZnO immobilized crosslinked fabric was found to be excellent with up to 3 folds enhanced photocatalytic. In parallel to excellent self-cleaning, the as-finished fabrics exhibited extended antimicrobial performance coupled with added easy-care properties and a 28% improvement in strength retention.
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