Oral drug products have become indispensable in modern medicine because of their exceptional patient compliance. However, poor bioavailability of ubiquitous low‐water‐soluble active pharmaceutical ...ingredients (APIs) and lack of efficient oral drug formulations remain as significant challenges. Nanocrystalline formulations are an attractive route to increase API solubility, but typically require abrasive mechanical milling and several processing steps to create an oral dosage form. Using the dual amphiphilic and thermoresponsive properties of methylcellulose (MC), a new thermogelling nanoemulsion and a facile thermal dripping method are developed for efficient formulation of composite particles with the MC matrix embedded with precisely controlled API nanocrystals. Moreover, a fast and tunable release performance is achieved with the combination of a fast‐eroding MC matrix and fast‐dissolving API nanocrystals. Using the versatile thermal processing approach, the thermogelling nanoemulsion is easily formulated into a wide variety of dosage forms (nanoparticle suspension, drug tablet, and oral thin film) in a manner that avoids nanomilling. Overall, the proposed thermogelling nanoemulsion platform not only broadens the applications of thermoresponsive nanoemulsions but also shows great promise for more efficient formulation of oral drug products with high quality and tunable fast release.
A new thermogelling nanoemulsion is developed to formulate composite drug products with well‐controlled active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) nanocrystals embedded in a methylcellulose matrix. The thermally gelled nanoemulsion is directly dried with the precise formation of stable API nanocrystals templated by the nanodroplets in situ. The thermogelling nanoemulsion is formulated into various dosage forms (particle, nanoparticle suspension, drug tablet, and oral thin film).
The eye is the specialized part of the body and is comprised of numerous physiological ocular barriers that limit the drug absorption at the action site. Regardless of various efforts, efficient ...topical ophthalmic drug delivery remains unsolved, and thus, it is extremely necessary to advance the contemporary treatments of ocular disorders affecting the anterior and posterior cavities. Nowadays, the advent of nanotechnology-based multicomponent nanoemulsions for ophthalmic drug delivery has gained popularity due to the enhancement of ocular penetrability, improve bioavailability, increase solubility, and stability of lipophilic drugs. Nanoemulsions offer the sustained/controlled drug release and increase residence time which depend on viscosity, compositions, and stabilization process, etc.; hence, decrease the instillation frequency and improve patient compliance. Further, due to the nanosized of nanoemulsions, the sterilization process is easy as conventional solutions and cause no blur vision. The review aims to summarizes the various ocular barriers, manufacturing techniques, possible mechanisms to the retention and deep penetration into the eye, and appropriate excipients with their under-lying selection principles to prevent destabilization of nanoemulsions. This review also discusses the characterization parameters of ocular drug delivery to spike the interest of those contemplating a foray in this field. Here, in short, nanoemulsions are abridged with concepts to design clinically advantageous ocular drug delivery.
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Background: Nanoemulsions are colloidal transparent systems for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. This study aimed to determine the effect of parameters affecting particle size of a nanoemulsion ...containing ibuprofen using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Methods: Nanoemulsion samples with different values of independent variables, namely, concentration of ethanol, ibuprofen and Tween 80 as well as exposure (homogenization) time were prepared and their particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The data were then modelled by ANNs. Results: From the results, increasing the exposure time had a positive effect on reducing droplet size. The effect of concentration of ethanol and Tween 80 on droplet size depended on the amount of ibuprofen. Our results demonstrate that ibuprofen concentration also had a reverse relation with the size of the nanoemulsions. Conclusion: It was concluded that to obtain minimum particle size, exposure (homogenization)time should be maximized.
Nanoemulsions for drug delivery Wilson, Russell J.; Li, Yang; Yang, Guangze ...
Particuology,
20/May , Letnik:
64
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
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•Overview of nanoemulsions for drug delivery.•Summary of different emulsion systems.•Discussion about nanoemulsion preparation and stability.•Introduction of different types of ...surfactants.•Emulsion nanomedicine and their clinical applications.
Emulsions are liquid–liquid dispersions with one liquid phase dispersed in the other liquid phase as small droplets. Nanoemulsions are nano-sized emulsions with sizes ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers, and have great potential applications in pharmaceutics, foods and cosmetics due to their attractive properties, such as small sizes, high surface area per unit volume, improved dispersion of active hydrophobic components and enhanced absorption. The article provides an overview of nanoemulsions for drug delivery, starting with an introduction of emulsion types, nanoemulsion preparation and nanoemulsion stability. Surfactants play critical roles in producing and stabilizing nanoemulsions. Different types of surfactants are summarized including small molecule surfactants, particle surfactants, phospholipids, peptide and protein surfactants. Then the applications of nanoemulsions as nanomedicine in drug delivery are presented. Finally, clinical applications of nanoemulsions are discussed.
Wounds represent various significant health concerns for patients and also contribute major costs to healthcare systems. Wound healing comprises of overlapped and various coordinated steps such as ...homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In response to the failure of many strategies in delivering intended results including wound closure, fluid loss control, and exhibiting properties such as durability, targeted delivery, accelerated action, along with histocompatibility, numerous nanotechnological advances have been introduced. To understand the magnitude of wound therapy, this systematic and updated review discussing the effectiveness of nanoemulsions has been undertaken. This review portrays mechanisms associated with wound healing, factors for delayed wound healing and various technologies utilized to treat wounds effectively. While many strategies are available, nanoemulsions have attracted tremendous attention of scientists globally for the research in wound therapy due to their long-term thermodynamic stability and bioavailability. Nanoemulsions not only aid in tissue repair, but also considered as an excellent delivery system for various synthetic and natural actives. Nanotechnology provides several pivotal benefits in wound healing, including improved skin permeation, controlled release and stimulation of fibroblast cell proliferation. Significant role of nanoemulsions in improved wound healing along with their preparation techniques has also been highlighted with special emphasis on mechanistic insights. This article illustrates recent research advancements for the utilization of nanoemulsions in wound treatment. Adequate literature search has been conducted using keywords "Nanoemulsions in wound healing", "Wound therapy and nanoemulsions", "Herbal actives in wound therapy", Natural oils and wounds treatment" etc. from PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. Referred and original publications in the English language accessed till April 2022 has been included, whereas non-English language papers, unpublished data and non-original papers were excluded from the study.
Nanoemulsions are pharmaceutical formulations composed of particles within a nanometer range. They possess the capacity to encapsulate drugs that are poorly water soluble due to their hydrophobic ...core nature. Additionally, they are also composed of safe gradient excipients, which makes them a stable and safe option to deliver drugs. Cancer therapy has been an issue for several decades. Drugs developed to treat this disease are not always successful or end up failing, mainly due to low solubility, multidrug resistance (MDR), and unspecific toxicity. Nanoemulsions might be the solution to achieve efficient and safe tumor treatment. These formulations not only solve water-solubility problems but also provide specific targeting to cancer cells and might even be designed to overcome MDR. Nanoemulsions can be modified using ligands of different natures to target components present in tumor cells surface or to escape MDR mechanisms. Multifunctional nanoemulsions are being studied by a wide variety of researchers in different research areas mainly for the treatment of different types of cancer. All of these studies demonstrate that nanoemulsions are efficiently taken by the tumoral cells, reduce tumor growth, eliminate toxicity to healthy cells, and decrease migration of cancer cells to other organs.
The characterization of graphene oxide (GO) is a critical component of any GO based investigation. In this review, we attempt to highlight both the consistencies and inconsistencies of current ...approaches. Reviewing all of the GO literature would be an impossible task, so recent articles in two research areas are sampled: GO as a dispersant and GO as an emulsion stabilizer. Our goal is to summarize the current state of GO characterization and advocate for the development of more standard approaches to characterization.
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Nutraceuticals are bioactive molecules found in foods that may improve human performance, wellbeing, or health. The potential health benefits of many nutraceuticals are not fully realized because ...they are chemically degraded during storage or within the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, there is a need to develop food-grade delivery systems to encapsulate and protect nutraceuticals until they reach an appropriate location within the human body, e.g., mouth, stomach, small intestine, or colon. Hydrogel beads (“microgels”) assembled from proteins and/or polysaccharides can improve nutraceutical performance by protecting them from chemical degradation. These beads can be fabricated using simple and inexpensive processing operations that typically involve two steps: (i) formation of biopolymer-enriched particles; (ii) cross-linking of the biopolymers. Hydrophilic nutraceuticals are usually mixed directly with the biopolymer solution prior to formation of the hydrogel beads, whereas hydrophobic nutraceuticals are typically incorporated into lipid droplets (emulsions or nanoemulsions) prior to mixing with the biopolymer solution. Common particle-formation methods include injection, shearing, templating, and phase separation, whereas common cross-linking methods include changes in solvent quality, counter-ion addition, enzyme addition, heating, and cooling. This article provides an overview of recent progress in the design and fabrication of food-grade hydrogel beads to encapsulate and protect nutraceuticals, including some examples of their potential applications.
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•Hydrogel beads have great potential for improving nutraceutical bioavailability.•Hydrogel beads are typically assembled from proteins and/or polysaccharides.•Beads with different functionality can be prepared using various methods.•Examples of recent applications of hydrogel beads are given.
Andrographolide (AG), a natural product with various pharmacological effects, exhibited low oral bioavailability owing to its poor solubility, stability, and low absorption. Previous studies have ...suggested that phospholipid (PC) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) could improve the drug solubility and absorption. Moreover, nanoemulsion (NE) has been confirmed as an appropriate enhancer for oral bioavailability. Therefore, AG/HPCD/PC complex (AHPC) was synthesized, and AHPC-loaded nanoemulsion (AHPC-NE) was optimized and prepared using central composite design combined response surface methodology. The average droplet size and polydispersity index (PDI) were 116.50 ± 5.99 and 0.29 ± 0.03 nm, respectively. AHPC-NE with a loading capacity of 0.32 ± 0.01% and an encapsulation efficiency of 96.43 ± 2.27% appeared round and uniformly dispersed based on transmission electron microscopy. In vivo release studies demonstrated that AHPC-NE had good sustained-release effects. Further, AHPC-NE significantly enhanced the absorption of AG with a relative bioavailability of 550.71% compared to AG suspension. Such findings reveal AHPC-NE as a potential strategy for sustained-release and oral bioavailability enhancement.
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