Apremilast (APL) has profound anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity, alongside other dermal care. This study aims to develop APL-loaded NEs (ANE1-ANE5) using eucalyptus oil (EO) as the oil and ...Tween-80 and transcutol-HP (THP) as a surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. The prepared NEs were then evaluated based on mean droplet size (12.63 ± 1.2 nm), PDI (0.269 ± 0.012), ZP (-23.00 ± 5.86), RI (1.315 ± 0.02), and %T (99.89 ± 0.38) and ANE4 was optimized. Further, optimized NEs (ANE4) were incorporated into chitosan gel (2%,
). The developed ANE4-loaded chitosan gel was then evaluated for pH, spreadability, in vitro diffusion, and wound healing and anti-inflammatory studies. Moreover, in vivo studies denoted improved anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity and represented a decrease in wound size percentage (99.68 ± 0.345%) for the APNE2 gel test compared to a negative control (86.48 ± 0.87%) and standard control (92.82 ± 0.34%). Thus, the formulation of ANE4-loaded chitosan gels is an efficient topical treatment strategy for inflammatory and wound healing conditions.
•β-Carotene emulsions were stabilized by chlorogenic acid–lactoferrin–polydextrose conjugate.•Ternary conjugate increased the aggregation stability of β-carotene emulsions during digestion.•Ternary ...conjugate had little impact on lipid digestion, but increased β-carotene bioaccessibility.•The importance of including the oral phase in simulated gastrointestinal models was highlighted.
The impact of interfacial coatings comprised of polyphenol-protein-carbohydrate conjugates on the properties of nutraceutical-fortified lipid droplets during digestion was investigated. Surface-active chlorogenic acid-lactoferrin–polydextrose (CA-LF-PD) conjugate was synthesized as emulsifier to stabilize lipid droplets in β-carotene-enriched oil-in-water emulsions. Changes in droplet size, charge, and microstructure were monitored as β-carotene emulsions were passed through a simulated gastrointestinal tract model (mouth, stomach, small intestine). LF-coated droplets were unstable to flocculation at pH 8.0–9.0, due to the reduction in electrostatic repulsion, but CA-LF-PD conjugate-coated droplets were stable. Emulsions stabilized by ternary conjugate had better stability to droplet aggregation under simulated GIT conditions than other systems, which increased β-carotene bioaccessibility. The importance of including an oral phase in the simulated GIT model was also demonstrated. The ternary conjugate-stabilized emulsions developed in this study have potential applications as protectors and carriers of hydrophobic drugs, supplements and nutraceuticals.
Psoriasis is one of the most common skin diseases, affecting 2-5% of the world's population. It is a skin autoimmune disorder, resulting in an excessive growth and aberrant differentiation of ...keratinocytes. Psoriasis is an incurable lifetime disease which can only be controlled and relieved through medication. Various approaches have been explored to treat the disease. Treatment of psoriasis includes topical therapy, systemic therapy and phototherapy. Topical therapy is the first line treatment and it is the most practical medication method for psoriasis patients. However, the conventional topical treatments such as gel and cream have low efficiency, poor cosmetic and aesthetic appeal, leading to poor patient compliance or adherence, while systemic and photo therapy produce significant adverse side effects. Nanoemulsion is defined as an emulsion system consisting of oil, surfactant, and water with an isotropic, transparent (or translucent) appearance. The emulsion droplet size is defined to be less than 200 nm. Nonetheless, if the emulsion has low surfactant content and is kinetically stable, a size of less than 500 nm can be accepted as nanoemulsion. A small droplet size would enhance the delivery and penetration of a drug through the psoriasis skin layer. There has been a growing interest in using nanoemulsions in topical applications, due to their high stability and their optical transparency or translucency, which make them good and very dermatologically attractive. A good selection of oils and surfactants would enhance the transdermal treatment efficacy. This review highlights the potential of drug-loaded nanoemulsions for the treatment of psoriasis towards achieving better efficacy and eliminating side effects.
Nanoemulsion as a potential enhancer for the treatment of psoriasis.
Imaging and sensing of lipid droplets (LDs) attracted significant attention due to growing evidence for their important role in cell life. Solvatochromic dyes are promising tools to probe LDs’ local ...polarity, but this analysis is biased by their non-negligible emission from intracellular membranes and capacity to emit from both the apolar core and polar interface of LDs. Here, we developed two push–pull solvatochromic dyes based on naphthalene and fluorene cores bearing an exceptionally strong electron acceptor, the trifluoroacetyl group. The latter was found to boost the optical properties of the dyes by shifting their absorption and emission to red and increasing their extinction coefficient, photostability, and sensitivity to solvent polarity (solvatochromism). In contrast to classical solvatochromic dyes, such as parent aldehydes and reference Nile Red, the new dyes exhibited strong fluorescence quenching by millimolar water concentrations in organic solvents. In live cells, the trifluoroacetyl dyes exhibited high specificity to LDs, whereas the parent aldehydes and Nile Red showed a detectable backgrounds from intracellular membranes. Experiments in model lipid membranes and nanoemulsion droplets confirmed the high selectivity of new probes to LDs in contrast to classical solvatochromic dyes. Moreover, the new probes were found to be selective to the LDs oil core, where they can sense lipid unsaturation and chain length. Their ratiometric imaging in cells revealed strong heterogeneity in polarity within LDs, which covered the range of polarities of unsaturated triglyceride oils, whereas Nile Red failed to properly estimate the local polarity of LDs. Finally, the probes revealed that LDs core polarity can be altered by fatty acid diets, which correlates with their chain length and unsaturation.
This study aims to design and evaluate zeta potential shifting nanoemulsions comprising single and gemini type tyrosine-based surfactants for specific cleavage by tyrosine phosphatase.
Tyrosine-based ...surfactants, either single 4-(2-amino-3-(dodecylamino)-3-oxopropyl)phenyl dihydrogen phosphate (AF1) or gemini 4-(2-amino-3-((1-(dodecylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)phenyl dihydrogen phosphate (AF2) type were synthesized via amide bond formation of tyrosine with dodecylamine followed by phosphorylation. These surfactants were incorporated into nanoemulsions. Nanoemulsions were monitored by incubation with isolated tyrosine phosphatase as well as secreted tyrosine phosphatase of Escherichia coli in terms of phosphate release and zeta potential change.
Via isolated tyrosine phosphatase, and mediated by E. coli, phosphate groups of either single or gemini tyrosine-based surfactants could be cleaved by secreted tyrosine phosphatase. Nanoemulsions comprising a single tyrosine-based surfactant resulted in a charge shift from - 13.46 mV to - 4.41 mV employing isolated tyrosine phosphatase whilst nanoemulsions consisting of a gemini tyrosine-based surfactant showed a shift in zeta potential from - 15.92 mV to - 5.86 mV, respectively.
Nanoemulsions containing tyrosine-based surfactants represent promising zeta potential shifting nanocarrier systems targeting tyrosine phosphatase secreting bacteria.
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The purpose of this study was to identify and explore the differences in pharmacokinetics between different nanoformulations. This was done by comparing the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate-loaded ...nanoparticles poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); size of 163.70 ± 10.25 nm and nanoemulsions (olive oil and Labrasol; size of 173.77 ± 5.76 nm), which represent hard- and soft-type nanoformulations, respectively. In addition, the population pharmacokinetic modeling approach as a useful tool for the comparison of pharmacokinetics between nanoformulations was newly proposed through this study. Significant pharmacokinetic differences were identified between nanoformulations through the new population pharmacokinetic modeling approach. As a result, the formulation type was explored as a significant covariate. The clearance and bioavailability of methotrexate-loaded nanoemulsions tended to decrease by 99% and increase by 19%, respectively, compared to those of the nanoparticles. The exploration of significant pharmacokinetic differences between drug formulations and their correlations presented in this study provide new perspectives on the development of nanoformulations.
Recently, there has been growing interest in implementing innovative nanoscience‐based technologies to improve the health, safety, and quality of food products. A major thrust in this area has been ...to use nanoemulsions because they can easily be formulated with existing food ingredients and technologies. In particular, oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions, which consist of small oil droplets (<200 nm) dispersed in water, are being utilized as delivery systems for various hydrophobic substances in foods, including nutrients, nutraceuticals, antioxidants, antimicrobials, colors, and flavors. In this article, we focus on the application of nanoemulsion‐based delivery systems for improving the quality, safety, nutritional profile, and sensory attributes of muscle foods, such as meat and fish. The article also critically reviews the formulation and fabrication of food‐grade nanoemulsions, their potential benefits and limitations in muscle food systems.
The impact of curcumin-loaded nanodroplets on the properties of commercial salad dressings was examined. Nanoemulsions were formulated using a plant-based oil (medium chain triglycerides, MCT) and ...either a plant-based (Quillaja saponaria, QS) or animal-based (whey protein isolate, WPI) emulsifier. Curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions produced by microfluidization contained small anionic oil droplets: d32 = 0.28 and 0.11 μm and ζ = −45 and −42 mV for QS and WPI, respectively (pH 7). The dressing contained larger oil droplets (d32 = 7.8 μm) with a lower negative charge (ζ = −23 mV). The ζ-potential of the dressing was positive under acid and negative under neutral conditions, suggesting the oil droplets were coated by proteins. At pH 3.4, adding QS-nanoemulsions to the dressing reduced the positive charge, but adding WPI-nanoemulsions increased it. The presence of the nanoemulsions decreased the mean particle diameter of the dressing. Incorporation of nanoemulsions (0–30 g/100 g) reduced the viscosity of the dressings, probably because of the reduction in fat content and ability of small oil droplets to get between larger ones. Finally, incorporation of curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions gave the dressings a strong orange/yellow color (negative a*, positive b*) due to selective light absorption by curcumin.
•Curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions were prepared from natural emulsifiers.•Plant (quillaja saponin) and animal (whey protein) emulsifiers were used.•The nanoemulsions were incorporated into a commercial salad dressing.•The nanoemulsions altered the color and texture of the salad dressings.•Nutraceutical-loaded nanoemulsions can be used for functional food applications.
We aimed to develop nanoemulsions containing phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram with different droplet sizes, to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect against activated neutrophils and a related ...lung injury.
We prepared nanoemulsions of three different sizes, 68, 133 and 188 nm.
The nanoemulsion inhibited the superoxide anion but not elastase release in primary human neutrophils. The large-sized nanoemulsions were mostly internalized by neutrophils, resulting in the reduction of intracellular Ca
half-life. The peripheral organ distribution of near-infrared dye-tagged nanoemulsions increased, following the decrease in droplet diameter. Rolipram entrapment into intravenous nanoemulsions ameliorated pulmonary inflammation. The smallest droplet size showed improvement, compared with the largest size.
We established a foundation for the development of nanoemulsions against inflamed lung disease.
•Bioactive nanoemulsion presented high substantivity and reached hair cortex.•Nanoemulsion neutralized melanin radicals with RHF = 2.03 for blond dyed hair.•UV/Vis radiation caused protein loss with ...reduction of cuticle thickness.•A hair photoprotective product must avoid direct and indirect radiation effects.
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