This paper analysed from the statistical point of view the trends in observed air temperature in major Polish cities and presented a qualitative analysis of their potential impact on the operation of ...the selected renewable energy sources. It also reviews the relation between the air temperature and observed electrical load as well as changing numbers of cooling and heating degree days. The method involved a statistical analysis of historical mean daily temperature observed in 19 major Polish cities over the 1968–2018 period. The air temperature change impact on renewable energy sector in Poland, by affecting the heating and cooling demand, the electrical load and the renewables working conditions both, on supply and demand side. The analysis reports that the mean daily temperature in all major polish cities is exhibiting a statistically significant increasing trend, up to 0.52 °C/decade. The observed increase in air temperature reduces the heating demand in Poland, beneficially for the environment and renewable supply. Increasing cooling needs in summer raises the energy consumption and indoor thermal stress. The climate warming affects the operation conditions, energy source, driving force, capacity and efficiency of renewable energy sources. The investigated changes were favourable and unfavourable depending on the renewable technology and operation mode, and were stronger on the demand side than on the supply side.
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•Air temperature in Poland shows a statistically significant increasing trend.•Future scenarios of power system development should consider the climate change.•The change in air temperature impacts both the supply and the demand side.
Geopolitical risk events have historically influenced a country's monetary dominance. Higher geopolitical risk strengthens the correlation between national power and currency internationalization, ...leading to nonlinear impacts. Using a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model, we identify and measure the nonlinearities that affect currency internationalization. Our study highlights the key factors involved and indicates that geopolitical risk can significantly amplify the impact of a country's share of global GDP and exchange rate log-returns on currency internationalization.
Introduction and Background The national power of each country is rooted in a number of sources,which together form and interconnect the power of a country. Although, each dimension and component of ...national power has a separate and significant role in national power production, it seems that among the dimensions and components of national power, component of science and technology has a leading role. Accordingly, component of science and technology has a great influence in strengthening other dimensions of power, in addition to its significant and independent function. Aims The aim of this paper is to analyse the position of science and technology in national power. This research aims to find out the impact and role of science and technology on other dimensions of national power like economic, political, and military dimensions. Methodology This research is designed based on neoliberalism paradigm and secondary analysis methodology and also gathering opinions of domestic and foreign experts for purpose of constructing questionnaire. Conclusion Findings shows that science and technology as an influential factor has a significant role in strengthening economic, military, political, cultural, geographical and social dimensions of power.Findings of fieldwork also show that science and technology component has a great influence on economic, military, political, cultural, social and geographical power respectively.
In modern international relations, national power is characterized as a category that includes existing, but also potential power, ie that for which there is potential to develop. Its composition is ...more dimensional and consists of several elements. It is not a simple sum of countable concepts, but a synergy of tangible and intangible elements that the state can use to achieve national interests. National power is a state, process and goal that the state possesses, implements and at the same time strives for, in order to succeed in realizing its national interests in the anarchic world of international relations. The changed perspective of national interests and their humanization, as well as changes in international relations after the end of the Cold War, contributed to the unipolar international system, in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, losing military status as the leading constituent of national power. an important factor. Serbia is currently facing the challenge of reducing the gap between developed countries and its own base in each of the key areas of national power
The main objective of this research was to create a robust hierarchical model to evaluate the power generation technologies in the energy mix of any country, with particular emphasis on its use in ...the case study of Spain. An exhaustive literature review allowed to identify a balanced number of the most relevant criteria that the model should consider to evaluate the seven alternatives that cover most of the Spanish energy demand. Through expert knowledge, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology allowed to obtain the local and global weights of the criteria used in the model. Using these weights and the assessments of alternatives for each criterion, their ranking was determined through both AHP and a novel fuzzy inference system (FIS), whose inference rules were automatically constructed based on the weights of the criteria and a distance minimization method. The design of this FIS constitutes the main contribution of the work, firstly, because it avoids a second round of experts consultations and, secondly, because it systematically conceptualises the knowledge base that allows to infer the individual evaluation of any alternative, without the risk of rank reversal that may occur if using only AHP. The results of the case study of Spain showed that environmental was the most important criterion. In terms of the comparative AHP merit order, Photovoltaic (PV) was ranked first and Coal last. In addition, the individual assessment of the technologies through FIS yielded results consistent with the previous AHP ranking. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed, which showed good stability in the results obtained.
•Price arbitrage operation of distributed battery storage is examined.•Local energy system and national power system interactions are considered.•Reformulated bilevel optimisation as a single level ...mixed integer linear problem.•Comparison of centralised and bilevel optimisations of distributed battery storage.•Influence of retail contracts on value of distributed battery storage investigated.
Battery storage provides flexibility to the power system and supports the increased integration of renewable energy sources. Distributed battery storage systems that are behind the meter are operated by their local owners, whose objectives may not align with those of the national power system. This paper presents a Bilevel optimisation approach to investigate the exchange of electricity between distributed battery storage and the national power system. The independent operating objectives of the battery storage systems are explicitly considered to assess their impact on the operation of the national power system. A comparison with a Centralised optimisation approach, that assumes a single objective function for the whole system, shows that the Bilevel optimisation approach captures the independencies of distributed battery storage objectives, while accounting for its interactions with the wider power system. The results show that the Centralised optimisation approach tends to overestimate the value of distributed battery storage for the power system. The results also highlight the influence of the retail contract structure in maximising the value of distributed battery storage for the national power system.
Smart states, through alliances, synergistically enhance the capacity, readiness, responsiveness, resilience, sustainability and interoperability of their instruments of national power. NATO is ...constantly continually responding in a multidimensional way to changing security threats and operational circumstances, including by updating and upgrading concepts, plans and measures. The Alliance is also an opportunity for self-reflection; not to judge in retrospect, but to prevent mistakes in the future. We need to discuss honestly why we might be elsewhere, as had been desired and planned, but at the same time, despite our small size, we could be more courageous in pursuing different and original solutions.
The increase in Turkey's visibility and power in Sub-Saharan Africa has attracted great attention. The rise of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the AK Party, the story goes, engendered an abrupt shift from a ...cautious to a proactive foreign policy. We posit, however, that the seeds of Turkey's opening to Africa date back decades and are an extension of its centre country (merkez ülke) national role conception. Turkey only appeared cautious prior to the 2000s because of resource constraints. Instead, Ankara's political leaders of all stripes have shared a common conception of Turkey as something far bigger than the nation-state, and have fostered policies aimed at enhancing its agency of action (limited by structural and resource constraints) so as to resume Turkey's role as Afro-Eurasia's centre country. This national role conception coupled with an increase in Turkey's national power since the 1980s have resulted in its opening to and subsequent engagement with Sub-Saharan Africa.
Nueva década perdida en América Latina Morales-Ruvalcaba, Daniel
Revista científica "General José María Córdova.",
10/2023, Letnik:
21, Številka:
44
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Esta investigación busca mostrar que, desde la década de los 70, los países latinoamericanos han experimentado tres grandes periodos de reducción de poder nacional, el último de los cuales constituye ...una nueva década perdida, desde 2012 hasta nuestros días. Para ello, se revisan los estudios sobre el posicionamiento de los países de la región desde los 60 hasta el siglo XXI; luego, con apoyo del World Power Index, se identifican las crisis vividas en la región. Finalmente, se analiza los estancamientos y retrocesos en el Cono Sur, los Andes y México durante la última década. Se concluye que la pandemia, pese a su gran impacto negativo, solo ha profundizado una tendencia ya existente de mediano plazo y ha prolongado el posicionamiento periférico y semiperiférico de la región de largo plazo.
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