El artículo resalta la aportación que Javier de Lucas ha hecho a la apertura de la disciplina de la Filosofía del Derecho a los problemas políticos de nuestras concepciones jurídicas ancladas en un ...modelo de nacionalidad estático y excluyente y la necesidad de repensarlas en el cruce de fronteras que suponen los movimientos migratorios. Se plantea, no obstante, la paradoja de que su propuesta de una ciudadanía abierta, integradora y multilateral se mantiene, por principio, vinculada a un proyecto de desnacionalización de la ciudadanía, obviando la posibilidad de pensar en un modelo democrático y no excluyente de nacionalidad que sería, en opinión de la autora, la propuesta más coherente con su concepción política de la integración y su concepción gradual de la ciudadanía.
To have a nationality is a human right. But between the nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, virtually every country in the world adopted laws that stripped citizenship from women who married ...foreign men. Despite the resulting hardships and even statelessness experienced by married women, it took until 1957 for the international community to condemn the practice, with the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Nationality of Married Women. Citizenship, Alienage, and the Modern Constitutional State tells the important yet neglected story of marital denaturalization from a comparative perspective. Examining denaturalization laws and their impact on women around the world, with a focus on Australia, Britain, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States, it advances a concept of citizenship as profoundly personal and existential. In doing so, it sheds light on both a specific chapter of legal history and the theory of citizenship in general.
One of the traditional methods of acquiring citizenship has been based on marriage. In French and German law, this approach has been obsolete for many years. Thus, marriage to foreigners has no ...effect on nationality anymore. Iranian civil law, using Islamic law and Imamieh Feqh (jurisprudence), has benefited the experiences of law-abiding countries, specifically France and Switzerland. Iranian society has undergone several changes since the year the law was passed. However, the citizenship section of the law is still based on the same traditional view. According to the Iranian laws, if a person from Iran marries a foreign woman, and if an Iranian woman marries a foreign man, according to the principle of “unity of couples”, the nationality of husband is imposed on his wife. In French and German, however, this approach of imposition has been denied for years and marriage to foreigners has no effect on citizenship. The present research compares the laws of the three countries and analyzes the negative effects of imposing the citizenship upon marriage in the Iranian law. The results show that reviewing and revising the old rules on the imposition of citizenship on foreign and Iranian women upon marriage is necessary.
Kin Majorities explores why communities like Crimea and Moldova engage with dual citizenship and how this intersects, or not, with identity. Analyzing data collected from Crimea and Moldova in 2012 ...and 2013, just before Russia's annexation of Crimea, Eleanor Knott provides a crucial window into Russian identification in a time of calm.
Decisiveness and Fear of Disorder examines how democratic representatives make decisions in crisis situations. By analyzing parliamentary asylum debates from Germany’s Asylum Compromise in 1992-1993 ...and the 2015-2016 refugee crisis, Julius Rogenhofer identifies representatives’ ability to project decisiveness as a crucial determinant for whether the rights and demands of irregular migrants were adequately considered in democratic decision-making. Both crisis situations showcase an emotive dimension to the parliamentary meaning-making process. As politicians confront fears of social and political disorder, they focus on appearing decisive in the eyes of the public and fellow representatives, even at the expense of human rights considerations and inclusive deliberation processes. Rogenhofer shows how his theoretical approach allows us to reinterpret a range of crisis situations beyond the irregular migration context, including democracies’ initial responses to Covid-19, the European Sovereign Debt Crisis, and United States climate politics. These additional case studies help position concerns with decisiveness amid the challenges that populism and technocracy increasingly pose to representative democracies.
•Children used social category membership in their nationality and person judgments.•Children chose light-skinned, Hindu, and local-language speakers as “more Indian”.•In a novel task we manipulated ...skin tone to assess colorism.•Language and accent influenced judgments of leadership, intelligence, and warmth.•Children’s leadership choices highlight status inferences based on language cues.
The present research assessed 5- to 10-year-old Indian children’s attention to social category information and status when evaluating the nationality and characteristics of novel individuals. In Study 1, children chose which of two targets was “more Indian” (with the option to choose “both”). Targets varied on three social dimensions: Skin Tone (White, Lighter-skinned South Asian, Darker-skinned South Asian), Religion (Hindu, Muslim), and Language (Tamil local state language, Hindi India’s lingua franca, British-accented-English, Indian-accented-English). Children reliably chose Lighter-skinned South Asian, Hindu, and Tamil-speaking targets as more Indian. In Study 2, focusing on the language contrasts from Study 1, we replicated our nationality findings and extended them to person judgments (kindness, intelligence, and leadership). Children chose Tamil speakers as more “Indian,” and “kind,” Tamil and British-accented-English speakers as more “intelligent,” and British-accented-English speakers as “better leaders.” Children’s responses reflected attention to markers of social familiarity, representativeness, and status.
This study distinguishes heterogeneity and inequality by exploring how nationality diversity influences leadership perceptions in multinational teams. Using two studies that assessed 105 (Study 1) ...and 40 (Study 2) teams comprising 4,120 and 2,180 dyads respectively, we find that nationality-based status influences leadership perceptions directly and indirectly through competence perceptions of higher-status peers. Nationality-based identity had no direct effect, but some evidence suggests an indirect effect on leadership that was mediated by warmth perceptions of culturally similar peers. These findings highlight nationality as a source of inequality beyond heterogeneity, elucidating the social perceptual paths that shape leadership in multinational contexts.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune sickness with unclear pathogenesis. The goal of this research was to reveal the heterogeneity of immune cells in SLE patients of Han and Zang ...nationality by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bioinformatics profiling.
A total of 94,102 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from six volunteers with SLE (3 Zang, 3 Han) and six healthy controls were first conducted through scRNA-seq analysis. The immune cell subsets in the pathogenesis of SLE were analyzed as well. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was applied to confirm the results of sc-RNA seq analysis.
For the Tibetan samples, the ratios of Naïve CD4 RPS4Y1 cells, Naïve CD4 cells, Memory BC CD24 and Memory BC differed significantly between the SLE and control samples, while that of CD8 CTL MAL cells was significantly different between the two groups in Han nationality samples. Variable differentiation states of CD8 CTL MAL cells, CD8 CTL GZMK cells, and Naïve CD4 cells were detected through pseudotime analysis. Moreover, T-cell receptor (TCR) abundance was notably higher in Tibetan SLE specimens than that in controls, while B-cell receptor (BCR) abundance in Tibetan and Han samples was higher than in control groups.
In summary, the immune cellular heterogeneity of SLE patients both Han and Zang nationality was explored based on various bioinformatics approaches, providing new perspectives for immunological characteristics of SLE among different ethnic groups.
•The SLE-associated TCR and BCR can potentially provide novel insights for disease status and therapeutic targets.•Analysis based on single-cell RNA sequencing data from SLE patients and healthy controls of Han and Tibetan ethnicity.•CD8 CTL, Naïve CD4 cells and memory B cells might contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE patients of Han and Zang nationality.•The heterogeneity of immune cells for Han and Tibetan SLE patients provided a new insight of immune dysregulation in SLE.
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