Research Summary
We integrate insights from upper echelon theory and the literature on innovation and multinational corporations (MNCs) to develop a framework explaining when and why nationality ...diversity in top management teams (TMTs) affects corporate entrepreneurship—as evidenced by diversity in global knowledge sourcing—and through this innovation performance in MNCs. In a panel of 165 manufacturing MNCs based in 20 countries, we confirm that the positive effects of TMT nationality diversity on corporate entrepreneurship and innovation are only unleashed in TMTs with low social stratification and in MNCs located in home countries that are low in national power distance. Our study contributes to opening up the black box of the upper echelon's strategic role in spurring entrepreneurship and innovation in MNCs embedded in different cultures.
Managerial Summary
The internationalization of TMTs in MNCs has been increasing in response to the globalization of markets and sources of knowledge. In this study, we examine under what circumstances MNCs that have TMTs comprised of executives with diverse nationalities exhibit stronger innovation performance. Analysis of leading corporations from 20 countries over a period of 10 years reveals that MNCs with diverse TMTs engage more in corporate entrepreneurship and subsequently see increased innovation performance—but only when these TMTs are operating in environments characterized by equal distribution of power and low hierarchy. The findings underscore the important role of corporate headquarters and TMT composition in the strategic management of modern MNCs.
El Sahara Occidental dejó de estar bajo soberanía de España el 26 de febrero de 1976. Por ello, todos los ciudadanos nacidos en este territorio antes de esa fecha reclaman la nacionalidad española. ...Los saharauis entienden que nacieron en una zona que, en ese momento, formaba parte de España. Pero la justicia no opina lo mismo, ya que, en junio del año 2020, una sentencia del Tribunal Supremo negó ese teórico derecho a los saharauis y estableció que haber nacido en el Sahara Occidental antes de la citada fecha no daba derecho a obtener la nacionalidad española de origen, al no considerarse que fuera territorio nacional.
Dans les agglomérations frontalières lilloise et genevoise, l’obtention de la nationalité du pays voisin est un phénomène courant qui se reproduit de génération en génération sans attirer d’attention ...politique ou scientifique particulière. Comment expliquer ces processus d’acquisition et de transmission d’une double nationalité qui n’offre que de faibles avantages comparatifs au sein de l’espace international ? À partir de quels arbitrages conjugaux et parentaux la double nationalité est-elle obtenue et dans quelle mesure fait-elle l’objet d’usages stratégiques au sein des populations frontalières ? En partant de situations où les processus d’acquisition se font quasiment « à nationalité égale », il s'agit d’étudier les conditions de transmission et les formes d’appropriation « subsidiaire » de la double nationalité, en les rapportant aux positions de classe, de « race » et à la génération des individus. Au carrefour de la sociologie urbaine et de la sociologie des migrations, l’article montre que la binationalité ne favorise pas seulement l’accumulation d’un capital international mais constitue également une ressource localisée, mobilisée en appoint d’autres ressources pour soutenir des stratégies résidentielles, scolaires ou fiscales.
Purpose: This article elaborates the Islamic vision and nationality of Islamic organizations in Indonesia, particularly Hahdhatul Wathan, Al-Irsyad and Al-Wasliyyah.
Theoretical framework: In the ...context above, this research will be designed and carried out, namely conducting an exploration of the Islamic vision and nationality of three Islamic organizations in Indonesia, namely: al-Washliyah, al-Irsyad, and Nahdhatul Wathan.
Design/methodology/approach: The research uses descriptive-qualitative methods, and is included in field research. In obtaining the data, the instruments that the researcher used were in-depth interviews, observations, and studies of related documents.
Findings: From the research conducted, it can be seen that First, Nahdlatul Wathan is one of the Islamic organizations that has a very nationalist vision and perspective of nationalism. However, the nationalism (wathaniyah) of Nahdlatul Wathan does not necessarily follow the trend developed by secular Western-European countries.
Research, Practical & Social implications: In many ways, Nahdlatul Wathan's national and Islamic vision is very similar to that of Nahdlatul Ulama. Both of them accepted Pancasila as the principle of organization, believed in Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah, and highly valued Islamic culture as a link in the chain of Islamic scholarship.
Originality/value: This research contributes to the development of Islamic discourse in Indonesia. The nationalism that Nahdlatul Wathan guides is Religious-Nationalism, namely nationalism that does not come out of religious principles and teachings, nationalism that is built on religious values, and nationalism that synergizes with religion because it is part of religious teachings.
The paper aims to introduce the reader to some issues of interest in relation to Cuban immigration regulations, highlighting some concepts of relevance for readers interested in the subject and ...especially in the complex world of Cuban law immersed in uncertainties. It also deals with the issue of "so-called repatriation" as the central point of the debate
The Rights of Others examines the boundaries of political community by focusing on political membership - the principles and practices for incorporating aliens and strangers, immigrants and ...newcomers, refugees and asylum seekers into existing polities. Boundaries define some as members, others as aliens. But when state sovereignty is becoming frayed, and national citizenship is unravelling, definitions of political membership become much less clear. Indeed few issues in world politics today are more important, or more troubling. In her Seeley Lectures, the distinguished political theorist Seyla Benhabib makes a powerful plea, echoing Immanuel Kant, for moral universalism and cosmopolitan federalism. She advocates not open but porous boundaries, recognising both the admittance rights of refugees and asylum seekers, but also the regulatory rights of democracies. The Rights of Others is a major intervention in contemporary political theory, of interest to large numbers of students and specialists in politics, law, philosophy and international relations.
Marrying Foreigners is one of the very important issues of private international law in each country. In this case, the main question is performing the principle of unity of nationality or multiple ...nationalities of couples? With regard to United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland nationality laws, it seems Iran is one of the countries which are still performing Principle of Unity of nationality of couples, while the other countries like the U.K are performing Principle of Independent of nationality of couples. However, it seems that Principle of Unity of nationality is not sufficient of circumstances existing today in Iran. In compare with legally developed countries, Iran needs to have a more precise review on the law of its nationality laws. In this research along investigation about the approach of Iran, and United Kingdom of Great Britain international conventions to unity of nationality, mentioned to practical problems of this principle for Iranian citizens.
The 'European' strand of modern Gibraltarian identity, exemplified by the territory's 96 per cent 'Remain' vote in the 2016 'Brexit' referendum, owes much to the fact that joining the EEC with ...Britain in 1973 enabled Gibraltarians to bypass the UK's increasingly restrictive immigration regime, which since the first Commonwealth Immigrants Act in 1962 had reserved the right of abode for the British-born and their descendants. In 1981, when British citizenship was redefined and split into three new categories, it was Gibraltar's place within the EEC, and the rights associated with membership, that proved the decisive factor in securing full British citizenship, uniquely amongst Britain's dependent territories at the time. Although this concession has been seen as a case of racial exceptionalism, this article places the Gibraltarian campaign for British citizenship in its historic context, and shows that it was not simply the result of short term political calculation but a long term recognition that European integration offered Gibraltarians a new set of rights, over and above other territories, and a means of binding themselves closer to the UK. After Brexit, Gibraltarians may once again occupy a unique position as citizens of the only British territory within the Schengen zone.
Online reviews have bridged the gap between traditional word-of-mouth and viral communication, influencing peer's decision processes. Analyzing tourists' online reviews helps hotels address overall ...customer (dis)satisfaction. Using sentiment analysis to understand reviewers' satisfaction and analyze the voice tone and expressed feelings, this research attempts to enlarge hotel, platform, and tourist trilogy's knowledge. A total of 38,292 reviews posted on Booking.com and TripAdvisor from 191 hotels were analyzed. Results indicated that the rating system influenced reviewer's sentiment, even though sentiment did not increase alongside the hotel category, leading to using a sterner tone of voice. Differences were acknowledged according to reviewers' nationality. The most positive feelings were expressed on TripAdvisor linked to staff-tourist encounters whereas Booking.com presented more negative feelings, especially linked to overcharging and billing issues. These outcomes can guide managers in establishing priorities to improve service and meet customers' expectations.
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•Nearly 40.000 Booking.com and TripAdvisor reviews were analyzed using sentiment analysis to understand reviewers’ satisfaction and feelings.•The hotel category influenced the reviewer’s sentiment, even if it did not increase with the hotel category, shown in a sterner tone of voice.•Most positive feelings were expressed on TripAdvisor linked to staff-tourist encounters, varying with reviewers’ nationality.•The negative feelings expressed on Booking.com mainly were related to money issues.•The results help enhance services, meet customers’ expectations, and restore confidence in Online Travel Platforms (OTP) scoring system.
Heine, a Putative French Writer? Both during and after Heine’s lifetime, his French reception posed and re-posed the problem of his literary “nationality”: was he a “French writer” or “German poet”? ...The question also underlies the two major existing critical editions known as “Düsseldorfer Ausgabe” and “Weimarer Ausgabe”. Paradoxically, and even more than Germanistik in Germany, German Studies in France seem to have long favored, in various ways, a “German” Heine to the detriment of the “French” Heine. Perhaps it is time to have a more balanced approach to Heine, using for example the notion that Heine himself developed for one of his texts, of a “German book in the French language”. These considerations lead us to define Heine as a “putative French writer”, in addition to his lasting identity as a “German poet”.
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