Passive sampling is a sensitive and efficient method for analyzing pesticides in water. This article describes a hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) device that was improved using ...polypropylene membranes grafted with nanocellulose for the passive sampling of pesticides in water. A comprehensive gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/Q-TOFMS) system was used to separate, identify, and quantify pesticides. The sampling rates of 38 moderately hydrophobic to hydrophobic agricultural pesticides (2.18 < log Kow < 6.89) from different chemical classes, including the main triazine, organochlorine and organophosphate compounds, were calculated. A calibration process was applied to evaluate the role of flow velocity and select potential candidates for a possible performance reference compound (PRC). Sampling rates varied between 0.17 mL d-1 and 23.15 mL d-1. The accumulation curves identified linear periods ranging from 3 to 18 days. The new passive sampler device was applied for 8 days in rivers and marginal lagoons of natural parks of the São Francisco basin in Minas Gerais, Brazil and identified 10 target pesticides. Furthermore, 10 non-targeted pesticides were detected by the GCxGC/Q-TOFMS method.
We report the finding of three recently described species in late autumn and winter (October to December) in the Bracciano-Martignano Regional Natural Park in Lazio (Italy). The species are Amanita ...calida, Lepiota elseae and Xerocomellus sarnarii. This is the first record of Lepiota elseae for Italy. The collection site, a Quercus thicket, is located on the slopes of San Bernardino del Malpasso in Trevignano Romano, between Monte Rocca Romana (Sabatini mountains) and the nearby Bracciano Lake. A description of the specimens is given, and a comparison is made with the few descriptions of the ambient available for previous records of the respective species.
Los parques naturales urbanos son relevantes para promover el crecimiento ecológico y sostenible de las ciudades. El Parque Natural Municipal-PNMNI, en Nova Iguaçu (Brasil), no tiene infraestructura ...física o gestión adecuada, perjudicando sus funciones socioambientales y económicas. Se propone un modelo de Alianza Público-Privada (APP) para rehabilitar el parque. La revitalización del PNMNI tiene tasas internas de retorno de inversión (TIR) del 16% y 47%, respectivamente, en dos escenarios evaluados, y una relación costo-beneficio superior a 10 veces. Además, el tiempo de recuperación de la inversión es inferior a 4 años en el escenario más probable. La propuesta de modelo de APP para parques urbanos y/o periurbanos es relevante, ya que hay pocos estudios sobre el tema en la literatura y está relacionado con temas sociales, económicos y culturales relevantes.
The appearance of new dendrophilic intruders in forest communities in Russia in the XXI century are becoming more frequent and they cause more and more significant damage to stands. Each new ...aggressive alien species (invader) almost always turns out to be a big problem for foresters, since it is always detected by the damage caused, that is, when it has actually already naturalized in new habitats for it. By this time, there are no drugs approved for use against this alien, protection technologies have not been developed and the peculiarities of the biology of the phytophagus in its emerging secondary area have not been studied. Often the invader first appears in the forests around large cities and transport hubs, in various kinds of specially protected natural areas (protected areas). This makes it even more difficult to develop measures to protect against it. The appearance of an alien species in the forests of nature reserves and national parks currently makes it almost impossible to carry out protection measures even when the harm from the alien is obvious. Having appeared on the territory of a protected area, an invader becomes a protected inhabitant upon his presence here, since the current legislation does not provide for a different status for him. But in the taiga forests of Siberia, the appearance of invaders also does not lead to a quick start of developing measures to protect against them. Since the beginning of the XXI century, such dangerous invaders as the Ussuri polygraph (Polygraphus proximus Blandford, 1894), boxwood firewood (Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859)), eastern chestnut nutlet (Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951), ash narrow-bodied emerald gold (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888), etc. have penetrated into the forests and landscaping plantings of Russia. Some of them have caused irreparable damage to natural forest communities. The purpose of the article is to consider some aspects of the current situation with dendrophilic invaders and discuss possible ways to solve the problem of protection from new intruders.
기후위기가 심각해지는 현 시점에 서식처 보호 및 복원과 생물다양성 보전 등 도시공원의 생태적 기능의 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 생태공원은 「도시공원 및 녹지 등에 관한 법률」과 「자연공원법」이 정한 공원의 유형에 해당하지 않아 전국적으로 조성되는 수많은 생태공원의 법적 근거 역시 다양하고 관리주체도 상이하여 체계적으로 지정·관리되지 못하고 있는 현실이다. ...도시공원 패러다임의 생태적 전환과 국토 생태계의 총체적, 통합적 관리를 위한 자연공원 체계의 개선을 위해 생태공원의 법적 지위를 명확히 하는 것은 중요하다. 이를 위해 관련 법령을 분석하여 문제점과 법제적 개선 방향을 도출하였다. 첫째, 국토교통부와 환경부 법률의 연계성이 떨어지고 이원화된 공원 체계 속에 생태공원의 법적 지위는 모호한 것으로 나타나, 공원 관련 법제의 개정을 통해 생태공원을 명확히 규정해야 한다. 둘째, 생태공원은 생태계의 보호와 복원, 생물다양성의 보전과 증진, 자연관찰과 생태학습 및 여가활동의 균형을 도모하며 생태적 방법으로 조성·관리되는 지속가능한 공원으로 정의할 수 있으며 지속적인 논의를 통해 다듬어가야 할 것이다. 셋째, 공원 관련 행정 협력 체계에서 국가와 지방자치단체의 역할을 체계화하고 거버넌스 구축을 통해 새로운 공원조성·관리 모형을 수립해야한다. 넷째, 생태공원 서식처의 특성은 개별법의 영향을 받으므로 시설 중복결정의 가능성을 열어둘 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 생태공원의 목표, 원칙, 시설물의 조성 기준을 갖추도록 세부 지침과 표준 조례가 필요하다. 여섯째, 법률의 개정과 더불어 지자체의 조례 역시 구체화되어야 한다. 이 연구는 생태공원을 제도적으로 명확히 규정해야 한다는 문제의식을 기반으로 현재 생태공원과 관련된 다양한 법적 현실을 추적한 문헌 연구이다. 다양한 이해관계자들의 의견을 실증적으로 반영하지 못한 한계를 가지나, 이러한 법적 고찰은 생태공원 조성 기반을 체계화하여 도시의 생태계를 보전하며 시민들에게 자연체험과 학습의 기회를 제공할 수 있는 정책 방향을 제시하는데 기여할 수 있다.
Despite the increasing importance of urban parks' ecological functions in dealing with the climate crisis, ecological parks are not clearly defined in Korea's legal system. Numerous ecological parks created nationwide cannot be systematically designated and managed due to various legal bases and varying management authorities. It is important to clarify the legal status of ecological parks in order to lead the ecological paradigm shift of urban parks and to improve the natural park system for a comprehensive and integrated approach to protect the national ecosystem. To this end, related laws were analyzed to identify problems and to draw directions for legislative improvement. Through the literature review of relevant laws, acts, and ordinances, six major directions for improvement were suggested based on the analysis of problems. First, the legal status of ecological parks in the administrative dichotomy of the current park system is ambiguous, and ecological parks should be clarified through the revision of park-related laws. Second, an ecological park can be defined as a sustainable park created and managed in an ecological manner, promoting the protection and restoration of the ecosystem, conservation, and promotion of biodiversity, and balancing nature observation, ecological learning, and leisure activities. Third, the role of the state and local governments should be systematically revised to lead to a new park planning and management model through new governance. Fourth, since the characteristics of ecological parks are affected by individual laws, the possibility of overlapping ecological parks for other uses should be allowed. Fifth, detailed guidelines and standard ordinances need to be enacted to meet the goals, principles, and facilities of ecological parks. Lastly, along with the revision of the laws, ordinances by local governments also need to be more concrete. This study, which tracks various legal realities related to ecological parks, can contribute to policymaking that can systematize the foundation for the creation of ecological parks to preserve nationwide ecosystems and provide citizens with opportunities to experience and learn about nature.
En la Amazonía colombiana, la constitución de Zonas de Reserva Campesina (ZRC) ha sido un proceso históricamente marcado por la estigmatización y la parsimonia del Estado que además de una postura ...opuesta a la compatibilidad de la presencia humana con la conservación de los Parques Nacionales Naturales (PNN), también ha promovido actividades extractivistas en el territorio. A partir del caso de la ZRC Losada Guayabero, contigua a los Parques Nacionales Naturales (PNN) Tinigua y Cordillera de los Picachos en la cuenca Amazónica, este artículo documenta el proceso histórico a través del cual una comunidad campesina lucha por formalizar la tenencia colectiva de la tierra, al tiempo que transforma sus prácticas y sus discursos para acoplarse a los objetivos de conservación de las áreas protegidas alrededor de dos ejes. Por una parte, la tenencia colectiva de la tierra frente a procesos de despojo; y, por otra, la agencia política frente al extractivismo y el cambio climático, acompañada de sistemas productivos compatibles con la conservación de la biodiversidad local. Estos dos ejes se articulan en una concepción de justicia ambiental campesina que invita a considerar a las ZRC como aliadas de la conservación.
Object/context: Natural parks are usually presented as the most important state-led strategy to promote the environmental conservation of a particular area. However, scarce anthropological and ...political science literature on this topic suggests that natural parks contribute to consolidate state power as well. This article explains how natural parks achieve said goal by studying the declaration and the initial years of the Alto Fragua-Indi Wasi Natural Park (located in Caquetá, Colombia). Methodology: The data for this study was gathered from official documents, historical archives and at least twenty in-depth interviews with state officials and social leaders. Conclusions: The article argues three central points. First, natural parks favor state power because they tend to make population and territories more legible. Second, there are six types of state legibility (convergent, denied, agreed, imposed, stopped and indifferent), which correspond to the historical moment and the social actors that relate to the state. Third, state legibility in the Alto Fragua-Indi Wasi Natural Park increased as the result of a political process characterized by the convergence of state and social interests. Contribution: The article provides conceptual and empirical tools to illustrate how natural parks strengthen the state and make state-society relations more complex. In general terms, this research paper is an invitation to study problems related to the state’s environmental and territorial planning from the optic of political science.
El Parque Nacional Natural Selva de Florencia es considerado uno de los últimos fragmentos de bosque pluvial andino de la cordillera Central de Colombia. Con el propósito de actualizar el estado del ...conocimiento de la avifauna del Parque recopilamos información obtenida mediante monitoreos realizados desde 2012 y registros de dos expediciones realizadas entre 2017 y 2018. Registramos 357 especies, de las cuales 11 son endémicas y 20 tienen alguna categoría de amenaza. Reportamos 18 nuevas especies para el departamento, con ampliaciones en el rango de su distribución para 12 de ellas. El contacto de ensamblajes de especies de bosques montanos con los de especies de influencia del valle del Magdalena medio, sumado al buen estado de conservación y regeneración de los ecosistemas, en gran medida producto del restringido acceso generado por el conflicto armado, podrían explicar la gran riqueza de especies de aves en la zona (≈20% de las especies de Colombia en menos del 0.01% del territorio). Esta nueva información contribuye al conocimiento de la distribución de la avifauna en los Andes Centrales y reafirman al PNN Selva de Florencia como una zona prioritaria para el estudio y la conservación de la biodiversidad.
Protected areas (PAs) constitute the largest global effort for biodiversity conservation and the maintenance of ecosystem services. Science-based management, grounded in methods co-designed by ...scientists and managers, is necessary to improve the efficiency of PAs to achieve these goals and to promote sustainable development. Visitor centres (VCs) in PAs play an important role to facilitate the supply of recreational ecosystem services and to promote environmental awareness. In this study, scientists and managers co-developed a method to assess visitors' perceptions of the recreational activities carried out in VCs and how they depend on the type of visitors. The research was performed at 13 PAs in Andalusia (Spain). A questionnaire that measures users' satisfaction with the services provided by VCs was implemented in two phases: 1) selection of items through the critical incident technique, and 2) validation of the scale by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The main result is an instrument composed of 18 indicators classified into three dimensions: information, facilities and service received from personnel. The instrument provides additional information useful for managers, such as homogeneity of valuation throughout the PA network and sociocultural factors that may explain the differences in visitors' valuation. The instrument developed could either be used directly or adapted for recreation management in other similar PAs. The proposed methodology can also be reproduced to validate other measurement instruments. This study illustrates how the development of a collaborative research method by scholars and practitioners can improve recreational management in PAs.
•We present a collaborative science-policy study in protected area visitor centres.•A method to assess visitors' perceptions of the recreational activities in visitor centres.•The measurement instrument is composed of eighteen indicators classified into three factors.•The study provides additional information very useful for manager's decisions.•The methodology proposed can also be reproduced in other protected areas.
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