This research examines whether natural resources (Res) lead to the “resource curse” of green economic growth (GTFP) under heterogeneous growth path conditions and whether market-oriented institutions ...affect the relationship between Res and GTFP. This paper presents the heterogeneous marginal effects of Res on GTFP under different growth path conditions via a data-driven finite mixture model with 2008–2018 panel data from China's provinces. The results show that, first, there are two sets of finite mixture models that are optimal. In growth path A, Res reduce green economic growth, leading to the “resource curse” phenomenon. In growth path B, Res contribute to the growth of GTFP, resulting in the “resource blessing” phenomenon. Second, the relationship between Res and GTFP is influenced by the market-oriented institution. Specifically, the more market-oriented the sample is, the more likely Res are to be a “resource blessing”. Third, 12 provinces switched their growth paths during the study period, with most going from growth path A to growth path B. The results of this paper offer a new perspective for research related to the “resource curse”.
•Aims to determine the role of natural resources in promoting green economy development.•Aims to analyze the role of market-oriented institutions in the “resource curse”.•Reanalyzing the “resource curse” phenomenon using a data-driven finite mixed model.•Market-oriented institutions are an important factor leading to different growth paths.•During the study period, the economic effects of natural resources in some provinces changed dynamically.
The central challenge of the 21st century is to develop economic, social, and governance systems capable of ending poverty and achieving sustainable levels of population and consumption while ...securing the life-support systems underpinning current and future human well-being. Essential to meeting this challenge is the incorporation of natural capital and the ecosystem services it provides into decision-making. We explore progress and crucial gaps at this frontier, reflecting upon the 10 y since the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. We focus on three key dimensions of progress and ongoing challenges: raising awareness of the interdependence of ecosystems and human well-being, advancing the fundamental interdisciplinary science of ecosystem services, and implementing this science in decisions to restore natural capital and use it sustainably. Awareness of human dependence on nature is at an all-time high, the science of ecosystem services is rapidly advancing, and talk of natural capital is now common from governments to corporate boardrooms. However, successful implementation is still in early stages. We explore why ecosystem service information has yet to fundamentally change decision-making and suggest a path forward that emphasizes: (i) developing solid evidence linking decisions to impacts on natural capital and ecosystem services, and then to human well-being; (ii) working closely with leaders in government, business, and civil society to develop the knowledge, tools, and practices necessary to integrate natural capital and ecosystem services into everyday decision-making; and (iii) reforming institutions to change policy and practices to better align private short-term goals with societal long-term goals.
The role of financial development, natural resources and ecological efficiency has generated many attractive avenues for scholarly research, but only few studies have evaluated the coupling ...coordination degree of natural resources, financial development and ecological efficiency in China from regional perspective. Taking a natural and socio-economic dynamics into accounts, this study explores the coupling coordination degree of natural resources, financial development and ecological efficiency using the data of three Chinese regions i.e. Eastern, Central and Western region from 2006 to 2018. We employed entropy weight method and coupling coordination degree evaluation method for data analysis. The findings of the study show that the financial development of the central and western regions was higher than that of the eastern region. Secondly, although the eastern region lacks natural resources, but its resource utilization efficiency is high. In contrast, the central and western regions are rich in resources, but the utilization efficiency is low. It shows that the regions with relatively backward economic development are over-reliant on natural resources. Thirdly, the ecological efficiency in the central region is lower than that in the eastern region, but it is larger than that in the western region. Finally, the study concludes with some policy implications.
•Entropy weight method and coupling coordination method used.•Financial development of the eastern region is lower than other regions.•Resources utilization efficiency of the eastern region is high compared with other regions.•Ecological efficiency in the central region is lower than other regions.
This book was first published in 2006. Despite many well-intentioned policies and changes to management practices, the world's natural resources continue to decline. The roles and interplay between ...science and policy in the regional broadacre agriculture landscape are examined here, offering readers a thorough understanding of the complex interactions that occur across spatial scales to produce the regional-scale impacts. The fundamental causes of resource degradation, social decline and environmental pollution are addressed, examining the cross-scale drivers from the individual farm level to the global level of commodity systems. Broadacre agriculture is a common land use throughout all continents of the world and is driven by the same type of dynamics, and this case study of the Western Australia agricultural region can be used to clearly demonstrate the principles for other agricultural systems. Aimed at academics, ranging from researchers through to policy analysts, this book will inspire innovation and action in sustainable natural resource management.
State failure is a central challenge to international peace and security in the post-Cold War era. Yet theorizing on the causes of state failure remains surprisingly limited. InState Erosion, ...Lawrence P. Markowitz draws on his extensive fieldwork in two Central Asian republics-Tajikistan, where state institutions fragmented into a five-year civil war from 1992 through 1997, and Uzbekistan, which constructed one of the largest state security apparatuses in post-Soviet Eurasia-to advance a theory of state failure focused on unlootable resources, rent seeking, and unruly elites.
In Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and other countries with low capital mobility-where resources cannot be extracted, concealed, or transported to market without state intervention-local elites may control resources, but they depend on patrons to convert their resources into rents. Markowitz argues that different rent-seeking opportunities either promote the cooptation of local elites to the regime or incite competition over rents, which in turn lead to either cohesion or fragmentation. Markowitz distinguishes between weak states and failed states, challenges the assumption that state failure in a country begins at the center and radiates outward, and expands the "resource curse" argument to include cash crop economies, where mechanisms of state failure differ from those involved in fossil fuels and minerals. Broadening his argument to weak states in the Middle East (Syria and Lebanon) and Africa (Zimbabwe and Somalia), Markowitz shows how the distinct patterns of state failure in weak states with immobile capital can inform our understanding of regime change, ethnic violence, and security sector reform.
The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a global economic recession which also shrunk natural resources prices due to reduction of the energy demand. In this concern, renewable energy projects also lose ...their competitiveness, which could hurdle the achievement of sustainable development goals. Current study investigated the causal link between renewable energy investment (IRE) and green finance (GFi), economic growth (GDP), renewable energy electricity output (REEO) and energy investment with private participation (EIPP) for China, covering the time series data over the 1990–2020 period. Using the wavelet power spectrum approach, this study reveals that IRE, REEO and GFi are more volatile than the GDP and EIPP across the selected time period. However, the wavelet coherence approach reveals that there is a bidirectional significant causal association between IRE and REEO, while the unidirectional causal association is found running from GDP to IRE and IRE to GFi. The causal relationship between these variables are found different in short and long-run with different time spanes. Besides, the EIPP did not showed any causal link to the IRE. Based on the empirical findings, this study recommends that policies must be design that could volatility in IRE, GFi REEO, and also enhance investment in these sectors to achieve sustainable economic growth, environment, and renewable energy production.
•Renewable energy resources investment and green finance is tested in post Covid-19.•Wavelet power spectrum and coherence approaches have been employed.•Volatilities have been identified at various time periods.•Bidirectional causality found in renewables investment and renewable electricity.•Unidirectional causality runs from renewables investment to green finance.
Environmental problems brought by industry are attracting extensive attention so a comprehensive analysis of industrial environmental performance is increasingly important. However, the comparison of ...industrial sector efficiencies is complicated by the fact that the natural resources consumed and/or the pollutants discharged by each sector may differ. In this paper, we extend the DEA model to consider two-sided non-homogeneous problems, handling DMU sets that have non-homogeneity in both inputs and outputs. This is different from the previous researches which generally focus on regional data to avoid non-homogeneity. Today environmental reform and energy conservation in various industrial sectors are both parts of the basic state policy of China. The empirical results show that: (1) Sectors' efficiencies are still low and unbalanced. The Recycling and Disposal of Waste department achieves the best energy saving and emission reduction efficiency. (2) 38 sectors can be clustered into four groups and set new benchmark in each group. (3) The overall efficiency of 38 industrial sectors in China maintained a rising trend in five years. With this more realistic analysis of environmental efficiency, the Chinese government can make more informed decisions to realize sustainable industrial development.
•We break the homogeneous assumption of conventional DEA model.•Our model solves problems with dissimilarity in both inputs and outputs.•Our model has advantages in evaluating energy and environmental efficiency of industrial sectors.•The empirical results give a new aspect to energy conservation performance in China.
Among the new revelation in the natural resources-environment and climate change nexus literature is the criticality of ascending the environmental sustainability ladders of the industrialized ...economies such as the newly industrialized countries (NICs). This study considers the panel of top ten NICs (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Malaysia, Philippines, South Africa, Turkey, Indonesia, and Thailand) by utilizing the novel Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) and other approaches including the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FM-OLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (D-OLS), and the Fixed-effects Ordinary Least Square (FE-OLS) to analyze the related dataset between 1990 and 2018. The combined empirical approaches help to measure the countries’ drive for carbon neutrality. With a startling and unanimous evidence from the employed empirical techniques, natural resource rent is detrimental to the global goal carbon neutrality in the examined panel countries. However, there is a significant relieve that is brought about when globalization moderate the effect of natural resource rent on carbon emission. Another favorable outlook from the study is that economic growth and environmental nexus yields the affirmative validity of environmental Kuznets curve while renewable energy utilization and globalization independently promotes environmental quality in the examined panel countries. Therefore, the result from the study favours a more relaxed border to allow international integration of economic and financial aspects especially for the natural resources-related and environmental-friendly goods and services.
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•There is long-run effects of natural resource, globalization, renewable energy, economic growth and environmental quality in newly industrialized countries.•International integration of natural resources help improves environmental quality.•Independently, renewable energy decrease CO2 emissions while natural resource acts otherwise.•FMOLS, DOLS, and FE-OLS validated the EKC and Pollution Hallo hypotheses.•We controlled for distributional heterogeneity using novel Method of Moments Quantile Regression.
From the economic perspective, China has made remarkable progress, yet, environmental concerns represent an alarm to the country's long-term prosperity. The associated relationship between green ...investment, natural resources, green technology innovation, and economic growth has important implications for the environment. Therefore, the present study attempts to investigate the effect of green investment, natural resources, green technology innovation, and economic growth on the ecological footprint in China. For this purpose, the present study utilized the NARDL approach using data from 2000 to 2018. The findings demonstrate that green investment, natural resources, green technology investment, and economic development have a significant positive short- and long-run relationship with the ecological footprint. As a result, it is directed to China government to raise green investment, a strict regulatory environment for the control of natural resources rent, as well as green technology innovation that enables optimum efficiency with little environmental impact, specifically on ecological footprint.
•The study explored green investment and natural resources on the ecological footprint in China.•The study used the nonlinear technique for analysis.•The result shows green investment and natural resources on the ecological footprint.
Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is an approach that offers multiple related benefits: securing rural livelihoods; ensuring careful conservation and management of biodiversity and ...other resources; and empowering communities to manage these resources sustainably. Recently, however, the CBNRM concept has attracted criticism for failing in its promise of delivering significant local improvements and conserving biodiversity in some contexts.
This book identifies the flaws in its application, which often have been swept under the carpet by those involved in the initiatives. The authors analyse them, and propose remedies for specific circumstances based on the lessons learned from CBNRM experience in southern Africa over more than a decade.
The result is essential reading for all researchers, observers and practitioners who have focused on CBNRM in sustainable development programmes as a means to overcome poverty and conserve ecosystems in various parts of the globe. It is a vital tool in improving their methods and performance. In addition, academics, students and policy-makers in natural resource management, resource economics, resource governance and rural development will find it a very valuable and instructive resource.
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