В центре нашего внимания находится механизм воздействия малоинформативного экспрессивного отрицания на дискурс. Объектом исследования выступает художественный дискурс в состав, которого входят ...средства выражения отрицания, создающие экспрессию. Особое значение отводится отрицательным по содержанию и форме выражениям, употребление которых нацелено на усиление основного смысла дискурса. Рассматривается характер влияния употреблённых экспрессивных отрицательных высказываний на содержательный и формальный аспекты дискурса, изучается воздействие экспрессивного отрицания на стратегическое и тактическое речевое поведение говорящего. Новизна исследования заключается в разработке недостаточно изученных способов построения художественного дискурса с точки зрения когнитивистики, а именно, способов расширения пространственно-временной структуры речевого отрезка за счет малоинформативных компонентов.
Homogeneity inferences arise whenever an assertion implies a universal positive (every/both) and its denial implies a universal negative (no/neither). I present an account of homogeneity inferences ...based on two assumptions which together constrain the behavior of negation: rejection is non-classical, and vacuous models may be omitted (Neglect Zero). If both assumptions are enforced, the only definable negatives are universal (no/neither), predicting the homogeneity gap.
Negative Geographies is the first edited collection to
chart the political, conceptual, and ethical consequences of how
the underexplored problem of the negative might be posed for
contemporary ...cultural geography. Using a variety of case studies
and empirical investigations, these chapters consider how the
negative, through annihilations, gaps, ruptures, and tears, can
work within or against the terms of affirmationism. The collection
opens up new avenues through which key problems of cultural
geography might be differently posed and points to the ways that it
might be possible and desirable to think, theorize, and exemplify
negation.
We present first an outline on Luxemburgish, then on "negators" in this language. Next we examine the opposition between global negation and partial negation. Then in particular we examine the couple ...nët "not" versus keen meaning 1) "nobody" 2) negation. Finally these negators are analysed in context in order to underline their instructions for use.
A dozen papers have considered the concept of negation of probability distributions (pd) introduced by Yager. Usually, such negations are generated point-by-point by functions defined on a set of ...probability values and called here negators. Recently the class of pd-independent linear negators has been introduced and characterized using Yager’s negator. The open problem was how to introduce involutive negators generating involutive negations of pd. To solve this problem, we extend the concepts of contracting and involutive negations studied in fuzzy logic on probability distributions. First, we prove that the sequence of multiple negations of pd generated by a linear negator converges to the uniform distribution with maximal entropy. Then, we show that any pd-independent negator is non-involutive, and any non-trivial linear negator is strictly contracting. Finally, we introduce an involutive negator in the class of pd-dependent negators. It generates an involutive negation of probability distributions.
The primary goal of the presented research was to investigate how processing post-event information affects memory of details in an event viewed on video. We used two forms of post-event information: ...classic misinformation (changing or implanting new information into memory) and a new form that involves a correct explicit or implicit negation of the existence of an object in the video. We followed the three-step procedure used in studies on the misinformation effect, with a final memory test that was either immediate or delayed by a week and consisted in indicating which objects appeared in the video. We replicated the misinformation effect. More importantly, in the delayed test condition, both explicitly and implicitly negated objects were falsely recalled more often than unmentioned objects. These results indicate that it is possible to induce negation-related false memories; they also show that memory is impaired by negated post-event information or misleading post-event information.
El objetivo del artículo es analizar los pasos retóricos que configuran el establecimiento del nicho de investigación en el planteamiento del problema de trabajos de grado de Lingüística y los ...recursos de negación empleados por el autor para posicionarse en las fronteras del conocimiento. En este estudio exploratorio se obtuvieron seis pasos retóricos: señalamiento de un problema, indicación de ausencias o insuficiencias, cuestionamiento a otros estudios, formulación de preguntas de investigación, justificación del estudio y seguimiento de una tradición. Se emplean recursos de negación que enfatizan las aserciones e indican mayor nivel de certeza en el posicionamiento de los autores.
In this paper, two construction methods for fuzzy negations on bounded structures are presented. The first method focuses on lifting a fuzzy negation from a more general subposet to the complete ...lattice, extending the existing research. It provides an effective approach to lift fuzzy negations, even when the top and bottom elements of the subposet differ from those of the complete lattice. The second method explores the generalized ordinal sum of negations on an abelian partially ordered group, achieved by complementing a given fuzzy negation. A sufficient and necessary condition for the generalized ordinal sum, with a familiar fuzzy negation as the complement, to be a fuzzy negation is given. Building upon this, the paper introduces a supplementary fuzzy negation based on the provided family of subintervals, which guarantees that the generalized ordinal sum is still a fuzzy negation.
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