Objetividad no física Marzoa, Felipe Martínez
Sociología histórica,
01/2018
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Es frecuente que, con la pretensión de exponer ciertos contenidos de (por de pronto) el capítulo primero de El capital, se encuentren formulaciones referentes a qué sea lo que constituya la ...substancia-valor, esto es, la substancia común que se expresaría en la equivalencia a efectos de cambio entre cosas cualitativamente diferentes; se dice entonces que esa substancia "es" o "está constituida por" el "trabajo abstracto" o "trabajo igual" o "trabajo socialmente necesario", y se intenta con mayor o menor fortuna exponer qué significan estas expresiones, así como justificar la opción por esa tesis. Ahora nos interesa, en cambio, subrayar un punto que no siempre está claro en esas exposiciones y que, sin embargo, es indispensable para que las mismas tengan algún sentido; a saber: hay que explicar, ante todo, por qué se considera que tiene que haber una substanciavalor. Esta explicación, que ha de ser anterior a que se discuta sobre cuál es o cómo está constituida esa substancia, ha de incluir dos momentos, a saber, por qué a las relaciones de cambio tiene que subyacer alguna determinación objetiva y por qué esa determinación no puede ser ninguna de las propiedades físicas de las cosas, esto es, ninguna magnitud física. En otras palabras: se ha de explicar ante todo por qué existe el problema de encontrar una objetividad no física.
This thesis gives a new interpretation for the infamous move from Hegel's Science of Logic to the Philosophy of Nature. Briefly, I argue that the reason for the move to the PN is grounded in the ...immanent development of the SL, that because of this the PN is a continuation of the examination of the determinations of thought and being that begins with the SL, and that, consequently, the PN develops according to the same methodological tenets as the SL. My approach is to focus on the move to the PN through the development of the relation of the Concept and Objectivity. The final determination of the SL, the system, is the absolute unity of the Concept and Objectivity and it is this determination that subsequently develops into the self-external Idea, Nature. Thus, I begin by briefly outlining the development of the Concept through the chapters of Judgement and Syllogism, where at the end of Syllogism the Concept determines itself into Objectivity. Beginning from Objectivity, I give a detailed account of the way that the Concept develops out of Objectivity, until it relates to Objectivity in the chapter on Life. I, then, trace the development of the Concept-Objectivity relation through the Idea section, which ultimately culminates in the absolute unity of the Concept and Objectivity in the system. The system is the immediate self-relation of itself to itself, and despite the immediacy and identity, has a moment of difference within itself. The expression of this difference within the self-relating system necessarily leads us into the self-external Idea: the unity of the Concept and Objectivity that is external to itself, i.e. Nature. Not only does my thesis fill an important interpretive gap regarding the coherence of the Hegelian system, a concern for many Hegelians, but I claim that it furnishes us with a concept of Nature as it is in-itself. Such a conception can open avenues for a normative ethical theory for how we ought to treat Nature in the current environmental crisis, as well as having implications for contemporary philosophy of science that engages with Nature within the parameters of science and the scientific method instead of with Nature as it is in-itself.
The objectivity of a vortex identification method, which is critical in capturing vortices in rotating machineries, requires that the visualized vortical structures are independent of the movement of ...the observer. However, the common methodology to objectivize an Eulerian vortex identification method with relative/net vorticity or relative/net velocity gradient suffers from the issues of requirement to select a spatial volume to do vorticity average and inconsistency with the non-objective counterpart in an inertial reference frame. In this regard, a new objective Liutex vector method to visualize vortices is developed in the current study, which is based on the observed intermittency of Liutex represented vortices in turbulence. The intermittency indicates that a large volume fraction of the considered domain is void of Liutex, and the rotating motion of the observer is very likely to decrease this volume fraction. Therefore, an optimization procedure is proposed to approximate the rotating angular velocity of the observer by maximizing the zero Liutex volume percentage. With the known angular velocity to offset the rotational effects of the observer’s reference frame, objective version of Eulerian vortex identification methods can be introduced. As an example, the new objective Liutex method has been applied to turbulent channel flow at Reτ=180 in arbitrarily rotating coordinate systems, and the results show that the new method is both objective, i.e. independent of observer’s motion including translation and rotation and consistent with the original Liutex method in an inertial reference frame.
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El presente trabajo estudia las relaciones entre el principio de objetividad de la Administración y el procedimiento administrativo en el Ordenamiento jurídico español. Para ello se parte de una ...reflexión general sobre el significado que tiene la procedimentalización de la actuación administrativa como exigencia derivada del principio de objetividad, puesto que tradicionalmente se ha venido considerando que la propia existencia del procedimiento administrativo es, en buena medida, una consecuencia de dicho principio. Sentada esta base, se analiza la imparcialidad de los responsables de la tramitación y resolución del procedimiento como presupuesto de la objetividad, las principales técnicas de integración de intereses públicos y privados en el y los informes técnicos y jurídicos y otras técnicas de adquisición de los fundamentos objetivos de la resolución del procedimiento.
In this paper I discuss and develop the risk account of scientific objectivity, which I have recently introduced, contrasting it to some alternatives. I then use the account in order to analyse a ...practice that is relatively common in anthropology, in the history of science, and in the sociology of scientific knowledge: withholding epistemic judgement. I argue that withholding epistemic judgement on the beliefs one is studying can be a relatively efficient strategy against collective bias in these fields. However, taking into account the criticisms presented against the strategy, I also argue that it is a usable strategy only when the distance between the researchers and their ideas, and the people and ideas being studied, is significant enough.
This paper discusses the philosophical dialectics of the American philosopher Ayn Rand and the Egyptian thinker Abdul Wahab al-Massiri of one of the media philosophical styles being one of the ...professional and ethical principles namely Rand "Objectivity", "photographic, informatic, passive and mimical", (as described by the Messiri) in contrast to the objectivity of Al Messiri, which is called the "operative or Explanatory objectivity" in view of recognizing the components and advantages of each of these two objectivities and the vision of each thinker. This paper also seeks to discover the role of each objectivity in restructuring everyday life in the media and extent of relevance by applying the criteria of each on certain live examples in the TV news casts. upon applying this critical comparison on some forms of news casts, it was concluded that both photographic objectivity and operative objectivity are invalid for the media work. تناقش هذه الورقة البحثيّة الجدليّات الفلسفيّة لدى كلّ من الفيلسوفة الأمريكيّة (آين راند) والمفكر المصريّ (عبد الوهاب المسيري) الخاصّة بأحد المناهج الفكريّة الفلسفيّة المدرجة في الإعلام كأحد المبادئ المهنيّة والأخلاقيّة ألا وهي: "الموضوعيّة"، إذ تحاول هذه الورقة إلقاء الضّوء على موضوعيّة (راند) "الفوتوغرافيّة، المعلوماتيّة المتلقية، الببغائيّة" (كما يصفها المسيري) ومقارنتها بموضوعيّة المسيري التي يُطلق عليها اسم "الموضوعيّة الاجتهاديّة أو التفسيرية"، ومعرفة عناصر ومميّزات كلّ من هاتيْن الموضوعيتيْن ورؤية كلّ من المفكريْن لها. كما وتسعى هذه الورقة إلى معرفة دور كلّ من هاتيْن الموضوعيتيْن في إعادة تركيب الواقع الحقيقيّ في وسائل الإعلام ومدى ملاءمتهما لذلك، من خلال إسقاط معايير كلّ منها على بعض من الأمثلة الحيّة في نشرة الأخبار التّلفزيونيّة. وقد توصلّت هذه المقارنة النّقديّة إلى عدم صلاحيّة كلّ من الموضوعيّة الفوتوغرافيّة والموضوعيّة الاجتهادية للعمل الإعلاميّ.
The concept of boundaries has become a central theme in the study of journalism. In recent years, the decline of legacy news organizations and the rise of new interactive media tools have thrust such ...questions as “what is journalism?” and “who is a journalist?” into the limelight.
Struggles over journalism are often struggles over boundaries. These symbolic contests for control over definition also mark a material struggle over resources. In short: boundaries have consequences. Yet there is a lack of conceptual cohesiveness in what scholars mean by the term “boundaries” or in how we should think about specific boundaries of journalism.
This book addresses boundaries head-on by bringing together a global array of authors asking similar questions about boundaries and journalism from a diverse range of perspectives, methodologies, and theoretical backgrounds.
Boundaries of Journalism assembles the most current research on this topic in one place, thus providing a touchstone for future research within communication, media and journalism studies on journalism and its boundaries.
Methods: This interim analysis of the TN OLE (cutoff: 10Jan2022) explored whether achieving endpoints at TN W52, examined by increasing objectivity, would impact the durability of symptomatic and ...clinical outcomes with continuous OZA tx up to OLE W94. Achievement of CRem at TN W52 had an incremental benefit over CRes at TN W52 for the maintenance of CRem and CS-free remission at OLE W94, but other endpoints of higher objectivity had no additional benefit (Table 1). Endpoints (increasing in objectivity) at TN W52 (OC analysis) Endpoint, % (n/N) CResa CRemb CS-free remissionc OLE W46 OLE W94 OLE W46 OLE W94 OLE W46 OLE W94 CResa (N=131) 95.9 (93/97) 91.4 (74/81) 72.2 (70/97) 69.1 (56/81) 70.1 (68/97) 67.9 (55/81) CRemb (N=83) 97.0 (64/66) 94.4 (51/54) 81.8 (54/66) 75.9 (41/54) 80.3 (53/66) 74.1 (40/54) Endoscopic improvement (MES ≤1; N=93) 97.3 (73/75) 95.2 (60/63) 78.7 (59/75) 73.0 (46/63) 77.3 (58/75) 71.4 (45/63) Complete endoscopic healing (MES=0; N=50) 97.6 (40/41) 90.9 (30/33) 82.9 (34/41) 69.7 (23/33) 80.5 (33/41) 66.7 (22/33) Histologic remission (Geboes index score < 2.0; N=68) 98.1 (51/52) 95.3 (41/43) 82.7 (43/52) 74.4 (32/43) 80.8 (42/52) 72.1 (31/43) Mucosal healing (MES ≤1 and Geboes index score < 2.0; N=61) 97.9 (46/47) 94.7 (36/38) 80.9 (38/47) 71.1 (27/38) 78.7 (37/47) 68.4 (26/38) Stringent mucosal healing (MES=0 and Geboes index score < 2.0; N=37) 96.6 (28/29) 91.3 (21/23) 79.3 (23/29) 65.2 (15/23) 75.9 (22/29) 60.9 (14/23) Denominators for the OC analysis were based on the numbers of pts who completed OLE W46 or OLE W94 and had data available for the endpoints in question. aClinical response: reduction from baseline in the 9-point Mayo score of ≥2 points and ≥35%, and a reduction from baseline in RBS of ≥1 point or an absolute RBS of ≤1 point. bClinical remission: RBS=0, SFS ≤1 point (and a decrease of ≥1 point from the baseline SFS), and endoscopy subscore ≤1 point. cCS-free remission:
Luxury companies are facing a dilemma over green CSR communication. Consumers expect them to engage in pro-environmental practices, but at the same time they view luxury and sustainability as ...incompatible. Then, how can the brands communicate their efforts with consumers? This study investigates the effects of message objectivity (high vs. low) and appeals (environmental benefit vs. personal benefit) on the consumer's evaluation of a luxury brand. Findings showed that an environmental benefit-focused message led consumers to perceive the brand's CSR motive as public-serving, which eventually generated a positive company evaluation. Also, the message objectivity significantly moderated the relationship between the message appeal and company evaluation. This study contributes to broaden the understanding of consumer responses to the luxury brand's green CSR practice and provide empirical communication strategies for luxury brands' practitioners.
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