The effective management practices of dairy farming are inextricably linked with the production of high quality milk, while the mastitis is one of the causes of reductions in milk yields and quality. ...The aim of the work was to study the microbiological profile of milk, the sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to antibiotics and metabolism features of cows with mastitis in the Amur Oblast. The following microorganisms were identified in the milk samples from cows with mastitis: Staphylococcus epidermidis (34.69%); microbial associations: Streptococcus agalactiae + Escherichia coli (32.65%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus + Streptococcus agalactiae + Escherichia coli (30.61%); Staphylococcus haemolyticus (2.05%). Microorganisms isolated from the milk of mastitis-affected cows were susceptible to the following antimicrobials: Escherichia coli to cefotaxime (28.00 ± 2.00 mm) and ceftriaxone (27.50 ± 0.35 mm); Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus to cefotaxime (35.50 ± 0.18 mm) and amoxicillin (35.10 ± 0.35 mm); Streptococcus agalactiae to tetracycline (27.60 ± 1.17 mm) and gentamicin (26.40 ± 0.99 mm). Metabolic disorders were observed in cows with mastitis. The albumin-globulin ratio was reduced (0.41), which is typical for various inflammatory processes; and a low albumin levels (29.00 ± 0.89%) suggested a decreased protein synthesis in hepatocytes. A moderate increase in gamma globulins (47.60 ± 1.05%) was associated with stimulation of the phagocytic mononuclear system. Water and mineral metabolism disorders were confirmed by low levels of calcium (1.80 ± 0.03 mmol/L) and magnesium (0.70 ± 0.02 mmol/L), which is a sign of many pathological conditions, and is associated with heavy lactation. Calcium-phosphorus ratio was reduced (0.82). Hematological indicators suggested hypochromic anemia (hemoglobin level – 100.60 ± 1.28 g/L, globular value – 0.60 ± 0.01). The leukogram was indicative of lymphocytopenia (36.90 ± 2.60%) and neutrophilia (rod-shaped neutrophils – 1.80 ± 0.13%, segmented neutrophils – 51.80 ± 2.51%).
The new cases that indicate the repeated entry of alien species, including invertebrates (molluscs, insects and other arthropods), to the Transcarpathian region (i.e. Zakarpattia Oblast) of Ukraine ...are considered. One of the main reasons of appearance of species in new territories is anthropochory — the transfer of specimen by human factors: road, air, water, or rail transport. This plays a significant role in the spread of living organisms to new territories. Usually the term is used for the transfer plants, but in this work and in a previous work of one of the authors, we focus on animal organisms, mainly invertebrates – insects and other arthropods, as well as molluscs. Most often, it happens unforeseen, but cases of intentional transportation of animals with their subsequent planned release into the environment are known too. Alien species of plants and animals entered Ukraine repeatedly through Transcarpathia. Unintentional spread of new species of animals through the territory due to the transportation of various foods and other kinds of goods, raw materials, including wood, and agricultural products. The paper presents not only the primary records of gastropods, arachnids, insects and other invertebrates, as well as some vertebrates found in trailers, etc., but also the findings of animals that have already been able to form self-reproducing populations in the region. In general, the authors had the opportunity to regularly inspect trailers during 2003–2007 and 2010–2017, working with imported raw materials (route from Italy via Slovenia and Hungary). Specimens were found on worn or old pallets with traces of moisture and soil, as well as traces of invertebrates that feed or live in wood and wood-destroying fungi. Dead insects were found in the cracks and between the boards (bedbugs, butterflies, beetles, orthopterans, and arachnids). There were also finds of live animals, which sometimes we managed to catch and photograph. The most important of them are presented by the authors in this publication.
Introduction. In the 1920s and early to mid-1930s, membership growth and structure regulation became a primary issue of party construction. From year to year there appeared new party cells. Small ...groups were being replaced by party organizations with better quality members. To rationalize the balance of power and develop strict record keeping of party members, cadre purges were held on a regular basis. Goals. The paper seeks to analyze Kalmykia’s party membership dynamics during the period under consideration. Materials. The work examines a range of related documents housed by the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia, including ones newly introduced into scientific discourse. Methods. The study employs the method of analysis which proved instrumental in investigating the membership growth of Kalmyk Party Organization. The degree of credibility of the results obtained is secured by that the historical research method complies with the goals of the study, and by that a significant number of documentary archival sources have been involved. Conclusions. The research concludes the activities conducted by Kalmykia’s party organization under heaviest conditions did facilitate the strengthening of the Party’s structures, improvement of the latter, and elaboration of new operational forms and methods. The educational level of Communists was raised, certain changes in social and national composition of the party organization occurred, e.g., numbers of worker Communists increased, basically through employing advanced fishery workers. Local party commissions would be established to conduct the cadre purges. So, between 1921 and 1936, a total of 2 049 Communists were ‘cleansed’ out of Kalmyk Party Organization.
The article describes first findings of three multi-tiered anomalous pistillate morpho-structures (proliferation, “branching”, and fasciation) of Typha laxmannii inhabiting the coasts of the Donskoy ...Island, the Don River delta. It is suggested that these malformations are associated with an increasing technogenic load on the region as well as the transformation of the landscape in the historical and geological past, which led to the isolation of archaic and migratory Typha species in the delta branches.
Native plant species growing on contaminated sites in an urban environment successfully develop under strong anthropogenic pressure and thereby may have the potential for phytoremediation. The ...concentrations of potentially toxic metals were measured in leaves, roots, stems, and inflorescences of fifteen Brassicaceae plant species from the urban park of Botanical Garden of Komarov Botanical Institute. The potential of phytoextraction and phytostabilization of the species was evaluated considering the concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn in the plant organs, and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF). The metal content in plant organs varied with plant species. The study of metal accumulation in plants showed that Brassica campestris has the potential for the simultaneous phytoextraction of three metals Zn, Cd, and Cu, and Rorippa palustris – of two metals Zn and Cd. According to received data, species Sinapis arvensis and Thlaspi arvense can be considered adequate candidates for soil Zn and Pb phytostabilization and soil conservation.
•Brassicaceae species have the ability to develop successfully under strong anthropogenic pressure.•These species are accumulated high concentrations potentially toxic metals in their organs.•Brassica campestris has the potential for the simultaneous phytoextraction of Zn, Cd, and Cu.•Rorippa palustris should be used in phytoextraction of Zn and Cd.•Sinapis arvensis and Thlaspi arvense – adequate candidates for soil Zn and Pb phytostabilization.
V tomto článku se pokusím dokázat, že pokračující násilnosti, k nimž dochází v oblasti známé jako Ujgurská autonomní oblast Sin-ťiang nebo Východní Turkestán, je vhodné chápat jako případy občanských ...nepokojů ve veřejné sféře a jen zřídka je lze označit za „secesi“ (fenliezhuyi) v tradičním smyslu tohoto pojmu (který chápu jako koordinované násilné činy proti vládě a civilnímu obyvatelstvu za účelem vytvoření nezávislého státu).1 Boje ujgurského národa s čínským národním státem, které probíhaly od jeho začlenění v roce 1949, je třeba chápat v kontextu snah o dosažení suverenity, nikoli jako náboženskou nebo islámem inspirovanou kampaň. Kromě toho, že jsou Ujgurové muslimský národ, se jejich zájmy a problémy podobají zájmům a problémům Tibetu a občasné násilnosti, k nimž dochází v Tibetské autonomní oblasti v Číně, a protesty proti čínské vládě jsou zřídkakdy, pokud vůbec, označovány za „teroristické“, i když jsou často pokládány na stejnou úroveň s ujgurskými incidenty a označovány jako „secesionistické“ (fenliezhuyi). Zároveň se v tomto článku pokusíme ukázat, že oblast Sin-ťiang, která byla od konce 90. let 20. století mimořádně klidná, což se v posledních několika letech změnilo, zastihla hospodářská konjunktura, kterou by jí mohl závidět kterýkoli z okolních středoasijských států. Číně je možné blahopřát k obrovské hospodářské a sociální transformaci regionu v posledních dvou desetiletích, ale zároveň ji povzbudit, aby našla způsoby, jak zachovat a podporovat živou a výjimečnou středoasijskou civilizaci, kterou ujgurská kultura představuje.
Purpose. The article aims to improve the methodology and analysis of the financial and economic security of agricultural business in Ukraine for the identification of problematic aspects and the ...substantiation of policy measures needed to strengthen it. Methodology / approach. The article offers the methodological approach for the comprehensive analysis of the financial and economic security of agricultural business in a region. The conceptual task of the approach is to calculate the empirical indicator of security (composite method) and its structural components (resources, investment, money and credit, debt, finance-economy, and insurance components) based on the identification of the weight of indicators (Principal Components Analysis). Results. The article reveals that the appropriate level of all components of financial and economic security correlates with the financial independence of agricultural entities. In 2018, the index of insurance security (0.798) and money and credit (0.737), debt (0.724), and resources (0.720) components of agricultural business security in Lvivska oblast were above the moderate level. The period of 2018–2022 faced a significant weakening in the resources (by 16.2 p.p.), investment (16.9 p.p.), money and credit (20.6 p.p.), debt (19.0 p.p.), finance-economy (18.0 p.p.), and insurance (5.3 p.p.) components of the sector’s financial and economic security. The average level of financial and economic security in the period under review was 65.0 %, and the average annual rate of decrease was 4.1 p.p. Originality / scientific novelty. The article improves the methodological approach to the complementary assessment of financial and economic security of agricultural business in a region, contributing to the identification of the degree of financial resilience of business entities in the agricultural sector of the regional economy in conditions of war and instability, in order to develop the mechanism for increasing the investment and economic capacity of business. Practical value / implications. The article offers and substantiates an applied approach to assessing the degree of regional financial resilience of agricultural business. Its implementation will allow carrying out a sectoral cut of the state of financial and economic security of the region’s industry and build architectonics of determinants of financial and economic security of business entities.
This book examines the theory and practice of interactive peacemaking, centering the role of people in making peace. The book presents the theory and practice of peacemaking as found in contemporary ...processes globally. By putting people at the center of the analysis, it outlines the possibilities of peacemaking by and for the people whose lives are touched by ongoing conflicts. While considering examples from around the world, this book specifically focuses on peacemaking in the Georgian-South Ossetian context. It tells the stories of individuals on both sides of the conflict, and explores why people choose to make peace, and how they work within their societies to encourage this. This book emphasizes theory built from practice and offers methodological guidance on learning from practice in the conflict resolution field. This book will be of much interest to students and practitioners of peacemaking, conflict resolution, South Caucasus politics and International Relations.
The paper presents data on distribution and abundance of the steppe marmot in the territory of two northern raions (districts) of Donetsk Oblast — Sloviansk and Lyman. Research was carried out in ...2011 to 2020. In total, 284 burrows were recorded belonging to 25 home ranges. The largest marmot settlements in the studied territory comprise up to 29 burrows. The number of burrows on a home range varies from 1 to 29, in average 11.4. The total abundance of the steppe marmot is over 100 animals in Lyman Raion and over 20 individuals in Sloviansk Raion. The marmot population in Sloviansk Raion is re-introduced—370 individuals were released in 1991—, while the population in Lyman Raion is of rather natural origin. The optimal habitats for the steppe marmot are chalk slopes of southern exposure, where its home ranges consist of the highest number of burrows. Permanent inhabited burrows are located in the middle part of the slopes, whereas the vast majority of protective burrows are below the slope and at the bottom of the beams. All settlements are located on the right bank of rivers. The largest marmot settlements are confined to poor Cretaceous and, less frequently, sandy soils with sparse vegetation. The natural marmot population in Lymansky Raion shows a tendency to slow dispersal and population growth, while the abundance of the re-introduced population is much smaller than the number of released animals. The density of the natural population remains low despite the many uninhabited areas suitable for the marmots. Settlements are formed as separate disconnected groups. New marmot settlements are often formed in places of old settlements. Natural populations are more stable compared to re-introduced ones and the density of natural steppe marmot population is also higher. Poaching, especially in Sloviansk Raion, is a major threat to the marmot, as well as the overgrowth of the steppe by shrubs due to decrease in grazing. Marmot settlements on the Cretaceous steppes are almost insensitive to reduced grazing. In Lyman Raion, fires and ploughing of balka slopes, too, negatively affect the species. Development of epizootics is unlikely given the low density of the marmot. The marmot populations can be preserved and can even expand their range in the region if sufficient protection measures are provided.
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