Viral oncology is focused on understanding the relationship between cancer and viruses, which are known to play a role in the development of certain types of cancer. Approximately 15-20% of human ...cancers are believed to be caused by oncogenic viruses, and as a result, there is significant interest in understanding how these viruses contribute to cancer development. There are several viruses that have been linked to cancer, including human papillomavirus, hepatitis B and C virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. Each of these viruses is associated with different types of cancer, and the mechanisms by which they contribute to cancer development are diverse. This article discusses these mechanisms as well as current and future strategies for preventing and treating virus-associated cancers with the goal of presenting a thorough review of the current state of knowledge in viral oncology and to highlight the importance of continued research in this field.
Viral oncology is focused on understanding the relationship between cancer and viruses, which are known to play a role in the development of certain types of cancer. Approximately 15-20% of human ...cancers are believed to be caused by oncogenic viruses, and as a result, there is significant interest in understanding how these viruses contribute to cancer development. There are several viruses that have been linked to cancer, including human papillomavirus, hepatitis B and C virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. Each of these viruses is associated with different types of cancer, and the mechanisms by which they contribute to cancer development are diverse. This article discusses these mechanisms as well as current and future strategies for preventing and treating virus-associated cancers with the goal of presenting a thorough review of the current state of knowledge in viral oncology and to highlight the importance of continued research in this field. KCI Citation Count: 0
Oncoviruses are responsible for less than half of cancers in humans. In virus-related human oncogenesis, a multi-step process leads normal cells to transform into cancerous cells in the body. Among ...the various oncoviruses are human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human herpesvirus (HHV-8), human lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV). The Pap smear test is critical in HPV screening, but its sensitivity is relatively low in cervical lesions, and the probability of giving false results is high. In this situation, create an alternative screening method. Therefore, the applied electroanalytical measurement techniques and electrode systems are important for detecting oncoviruses using electrochemical biosensors. Electrochemical sensor strategies such as genosensors, CRISPR-based recognition assay, aptamer-based biosensors, and immunosensors are used for the detection of oncoviruses. Major viruses causing cancer and oncovirus-related cancer types and electrochemical sensor strategies are described in the review. Studies that have been published in recent years are reported in tables for explaining details. This review considered the articles published in the last 10 years. The biosensor studies for cancer-causing viruses get gradually increased.
•Genosensors, CRISPR, aptasensors and immunosensors are used for oncoviruses analysis.•Virus-related human oncogenesis are responsible for 40% of cancers in humans.•The one of most common cancer is Cervical cancer is in young women.•Detection with sensitivity and specificity are mainly important parameters.
Human viral oncogenesis is a complex phenomenon and a major contributor to the global cancer burden. Several recent findings revealed cellular and molecular pathways that promote the development and ...initiation of malignancy when viruses cause an infection. Even, antiviral treatment has become an approach to eliminate the viral infections and prevent the activation of oncogenesis. Therefore, for a better understanding, the molecular pathogenesis of various oncogenic viruses like, hepatitis virus, human immunodeficiency viral (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), could be explored, especially, to expand many potent antivirals that may escalate the apoptosis of infected malignant cells while sparing normal and healthy ones. Moreover, contemporary therapies, such as engineered antibodies antiviral agents targeting signaling pathways and cell biomarkers, could inhibit viral oncogenesis. This review elaborates the recent advancements in both natural and synthetic antivirals to control viral oncogenesis. The study also highlights the challenges and future perspectives of using antivirals in viral oncogenesis.
This review focuses on three major aspects of oncoviruses' role in cancer development. To begin, we discuss their geographic distribution, revealing that seven oncoviruses cause 20% of all human ...cancers worldwide. Second, we investigate the primary carcinogenic mechanisms, looking at how these oncogenic viruses can induce cellular transformation, angiogenesis, and local and systemic inflammation. Finally, we investigate the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection reactivating latent oncoviruses, which could increase the risk of further disease. The development of oncovirus vaccines holds great promise for reducing cancer burden. Many unanswered questions about the host and environmental cofactors that contribute to cancer development and prevention remain, which ongoing research is attempting to address.
Tumors are renowned as intricate systems that harbor heterogeneous cancer cells with distinctly diverse molecular signatures, sizes and genomic contents. Among those various genomic clonal ...populations within the complex tumoral architecture are the polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC). Although described for over a century, PGCC are increasingly being recognized for their prominent role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, therapy resistance and tumor repopulation after therapy. A shared characteristic among all tumors triggered by oncoviruses is the presence of polyploidy. Those include Human Papillomaviruses (HPV), Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) and Merkel polyomavirus (MCPyV). Distinct viral proteins, for instance Tax for HTLV-1 or HBx for HBV have demonstrated their etiologic role in favoring the appearance of PGCC. Different intriguing biological mechanisms employed by oncogenic viruses, in addition to viruses with high oncogenic potential such as human cytomegalovirus, could support the generation of PGCC, including induction of endoreplication, inactivation of tumor suppressors, development of hypoxia, activation of cellular senescence and others. Interestingly, chemoresistance and radioresistance have been reported in the context of oncovirus-induced cancers, for example KSHV and EBV-associated lymphomas and high-risk HPV-related cervical cancer. This points toward a potential linkage between the previously mentioned players and highlights PGCC as keystone cancer cells in virally-induced tumors. Subsequently, although new therapeutic approaches are actively needed to fight PGCC, attention should also be drawn to reveal the relationship between PGCC and oncoviruses, with the ultimate goal of establishing effective therapeutic platforms for treatment of virus-associated cancers. This review discusses the presence of PGCCs in tumors induced by oncoviruses, biological mechanisms potentially favoring their appearance, as well as their consequent implication at the clinical and therapeutic level.
Autophagy is a complex degradative process by which eukaryotic cells capture cytoplasmic components for subsequent degradation through lysosomal hydrolases. Although this catabolic process can be ...triggered by a great variety of stimuli, action in cells varies according to cellular context. Autophagy has been previously linked to disease development modulation, including cancer. Autophagy helps suppress cancer cell advancement in tumor transformation early stages, while promoting proliferation and metastasis in advanced settings. Oncoviruses are a particular type of virus that directly contribute to cell transformation and tumor development. Extensive molecular studies have revealed complex ways in which autophagy can suppress or improve oncovirus fitness while still regulating viral replication and determining host cell fate. This review includes recent advances in autophagic cellular function and emphasizes its antagonistic role in cancer cells.
Anoikis resistance and oncoviruses Kakavandi, Ehsan; Shahbahrami, Ramin; Goudarzi, Hossein ...
Journal of cellular biochemistry,
March 2018, Letnik:
119, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Anoikis is known as a special type of programmed cell death which occurs in response to loss of correct cell‐extracellular matrix (ECM) connections. This process could be as pivotal event in normal ...development and tissue homeostasis and found as important mechanism in cancer invasiveness and metastasis. The persistent infection with oncoviruses including EBV (Epstein Bar virus), HPV (Human Papillomaviruses), HBV (Hepatitis B virus), KSHV (Human herpesvirus 8), HTLV‐1 (Human T‐lymphotropic virus‐1), and HCV (Hepatitis C virus) accounted as one of main risk factor for cancer progression. Some of them play critical roles in metastasis, especially in anoikis resistance which could contribute to metastasis of tumor cells. The better understanding of effects of oncoviruses on anoikis could contribute to finding of effective therapeutic platforms for treatment of virus‐associated cancers. This paper highlighted effects of these oncoviruses on anoikis protection in cancer.
Oncovirus are known types of virus which are able to induce cancerous condition in normal tissues and cells. It has been showed that these viruses could lead to induce cancer in various cell types via targeting a variety of cellular and molecular targets involve in anoikis. The identification of direct and indirect targets in anoikis pathway which are affected by oncoviruses, could contribute to more understanding of cellular and molecular pathways involve in these events and might provide new therapeutic approaches against oncoviruses. Here, in the first time, we summarized the molecular and cellular pathways involve in anoikis which targeted by oncoviruses.
The crucial role of high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) proteins in nuclear processes such as gene transcription, DNA replication, and chromatin remodeling is undeniable. Elevated levels of HMGA1 ...have been associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes and adverse differentiation status across various cancer types. HMGA1 regulates a diverse array of biological pathways, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B (TNF‐α/NF‐κB), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Hippo, Rat sarcoma/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras/ERK), protein kinase B (Akt), wingless-related integration site/beta-catenin (Wnt/beta‐catenin), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3‐K/Akt). While researchers have extensively investigated tumors in the reproductive, digestive, urinary, and hematopoietic systems, mounting evidence suggests that HMGA1 plays a critical role as a tumorigenic factor in tumors across all functional systems. Given its broad interaction network, HMGA1 is an attractive target for viral manipulation. Some viruses, including herpes simplex virus type 1, human herpesvirus 8, human papillomavirus, JC virus, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2, and influenza viruses, utilize HMGA1 influence for infection. This interaction, particularly in oncogenesis, is crucial. Apart from the direct oncogenic effect of some of the mentioned viruses, the hit-and-run theory postulates that viruses can instigate cancer even before being completely eradicated from the host cell, implying a potentially greater impact of viruses on cancer development than previously assumed. This review explores the interplay between HMGA1, viruses, and host cellular machinery, aiming to contribute to a deeper understanding of viral-induced oncogenesis, paving the way for innovative strategies in cancer research and treatment.
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