The Limitations of Online Surveys Andrade, Chittaranjan
Indian journal of psychological medicine,
11/2020, Letnik:
42, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Online surveys are growing in popularity, perhaps because they are an easy, convenient, and inexpensive means of data collection. Online surveys commonly suffer from two serious methodological ...limitations: the population to which they are distributed cannot be described, and respondents with biases may select themselves into the sample. Research is of value only when the findings from a sample can be generalized to a meaningful population. When the population addressed by the survey cannot be described, and when the sample is contaminated by respondents with biases, findings from online surveys cannot be generalized and may therefore mislead.
Brownfield redevelopment is a complex process often involving a wide range of stakeholders holding differing priorities and opinions. The use of digital systems and products for decision making, ...modelling, and supporting discussion has been recognised throughout literature and industry. The inclusion of stakeholder preferences is an important consideration in the design and development of impactful digital tools and decision support systems. In this study, we present findings from stakeholder consultation with professionals from the UK brownfield sector with the aim of informing the design of future digital tools and systems. Our research investigates two broad themes; digitalisation and the use of digital tools across the sector; and perceptions of key brownfield challenge areas where digital tools could help better inform decision-makers. The methodology employed for this study comprises the collection of data and information using a combination of interviews and an online questionnaire. The results from these methods were evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Findings reveal a disparity in levels of digital capability between stakeholder groups including between technical stakeholder types, and that cross-discipline communication of important issues may be aided by the development of carefully designed digital tools. To this end, we present seven core principles to guide the design and implementation of future digital tools for the brownfield sector. These principles are that future digital tools should be: (1) Stakeholder driven, (2) Problem centred, (3) Visual, (4) Intuitive, (5) Interactive, (6) Interoperable, and (7) Geospatial data driven.
Display omitted
•There is a large disparity between UK brownfield stakeholder digitalisation levels.•Perceived barriers for redevelopment vary greatly between stakeholder groups.•Better communication of costs, risk, and uncertainty leads to better decisions.•Seven core principles for the development of brownfield digital tools are presented.
The prevalence of mental disorders among people with migration experiences is high. Studies have shown that despite the increasing number of patients from different cultures requiring therapy, ...treating them is still a major challenge. Furthermore, professional training aimed at improving transcultural competence is rare, and psychometric instruments assessing transcultural competence require improvement. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop and evaluate an online transcultural competence questionnaire (OnTracc) to assess transcultural competence among psychotherapists. Based on extensive literature research and expert interviews, 38-self-report statements referring to aspects of transcultural therapy (e.g., skills, knowledge, and awareness) were compiled. In two studies, 306 psychotherapists completed the OnTracc questionnaire. The multicultural counseling inventory (MCI), personality factors (BFI-K), experience in transcultural therapy, and demographic data were assessed as control variables. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a 3-factor structure. The reliability of the scale ranged from ω = 0.73 to 0.81. These scales demonstrated substantial convergent and discriminant validity with the BFI-K and MCI subscales. Factorial validity was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. This validated inventory is the first to assess transcultural competence in therapeutic settings in the German language. Further analysis of the factorial validity of the different samples is recommended. Given the increasing diversity in the therapeutic landscape, additional development could help close the gap between the evolving treatment demands of culturally diverse patients and the lack of consideration in mental health and education.
In the last decades, the structural and functional role of standing dead trees and lying deadwood in forests has been widely recognized by scientific community and forest managers. However, a large ...amount of deadwood in forests can have negative impacts on recreational forests by reducing the aesthetic value and site attractiveness. The aims of the present study are to investigate whether deadwood in forests is truly perceived negatively by people and whether socio-demographic characteristics influence the respondents’ perception. To achieve these aims, the study was implemented by submitting an online questionnaire to a sample of 1292 Italian citizens. The results show that 73.4% of respondents have previous knowledge of the concept of deadwood in forests, while 26.6% have never heard this concept. For most of the respondents, standing dead trees and lying deadwood have a negative aesthetic effect on the landscape (52.2% and 42.9%), while for only 7.5% and 23.0% of respondents standing dead trees and lying deadwood have a positive effect on forest landscape. The results show that for all six forest stands proposed (Old European beech coppice, Mediterranean maquis, Norway spruce high forest, simple sweet Chestnut coppice, European beech high forest, black pine high forest) the respondents prefer the situation without deadwood. Finally, the results show that deadwood – both standing dead trees and lying deadwood – in forests is on average more appreciated by male (rather than female), young people (rather than old people), and people with a low level of education (rather than people with a high level of education).
•Deadwood is a key aspect for biodiversity conservation, but it can be an obstacle in recreational forests.•Lying deadwood and standing dead trees affects the aesthetic of forest landscape.•Socio-demographic characteristics influence respondents' preferences towards deadwood.•People's preferences for forest landscapes characteristics provide useful data for decision makers.
Background: This study on interprofessional relationships took place in Eastern Kentucky analyzing optometry, medical and nursing students at the University of Pikeville. The Readiness for ...Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS), regarding all three healthcare professional schools, was used to measure and determine students' views on working with one another. The purpose of the study was to examine similarities and differences in student attitudes across the three health professional programs within the same university.
Methods: Second year University of Pikeville (UPIKE) nursing, optometry, and medical students were given survey questions that followed the validated 19-item Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS).
Results: While the optometry and medical students demonstrated statistically similar attitudes, key statistical findings included that nursing students were more likely than medical students to believe that clinical problem solving can only be learned effectively with students/professionals from their own school/organization (p = 0.015); nursing students were more likely than medical students to welcome the opportunity to work on small group projects with other health and social care students/professionals (p = 0.018); and nursing students were more likely than both optometry and medical students to not be sure what their professional role will be/is (p=.005).
Conclusions: At the UPIKE, there is an observable difference between the attitudes toward IPE. Nursing students appeared to have a more positive attitude toward IPE than medical and optometry students, with the medical and optometry students having similar attitudes.
Many dogs are relinquished worldwide, so it is important to enhance adoptions’ success. We aimed at investigating factors associated with owners’ satisfaction with adopted dogs, both in general and ...focusing on galgos. Data on 392 dogs (191 galgos) were gathered using an online survey, investigating dogs’ and owners’ demographics, satisfaction with the adopted dog and post-adoption behavior. Satisfaction was affected by different variables in galgos’ owners as compared to non-sighthound non-podenco dogs’ ones, with only the presence of disobedience on walks negatively affecting satisfaction in both samples. Depending on dogs’ type, the presence of some behavioral problems was associated with decreased satisfaction with the dog (e.g., destructiveness for galgos, or separation problems for non-sighthound non-podenco dogs), whereas that of others increased it (e.g., not being interested in social interactions with dogs for galgos, and shadowing for non-sighthound non-podenco dogs). The variables most often being predictors of the behaviors influencing satisfaction were dog type,with being a galgo as a negative predictor, and dog’s age, with being older as a negative predictor. Further studies on dog adopters’ satisfaction are needed.
•Indoor air quality (IAQ) of schools with/without reported IAQ complaints were studied.•Indoor climate questionnaires were used to verify the categorisation of schools.•More cultivable airborne ...microbes were found in schools with reported IAQ complaints.•Trichoderma was found only in the schools with reported IAQ complaints.•Other IAQ-related measurements were unable to uncover reasons for IAQ complaints.
Reported indoor air quality (IAQ) complaints are common even in relatively new or renovated school buildings in Finland. However, detecting the causes for complaints with commonly used indoor air measurements is difficult. This study presents data on perceived and measured IAQ in six comprehensive school buildings in Finland. The aim of this study was to discover the possible differences of perceived and measured IAQ between schools with reported IAQ complaints and schools without reported IAQ complaints. The initial categorisation of schools with (‘problematic schools’) and without (‘comparison schools’) complaints was ensured via a validated indoor climate survey and a recently developed online questionnaire, which were completed by 186 teachers and 1268 students from the six schools. IAQ measurements of physical parameters, gaseous pollutants, particulate matter and bioaerosols were conducted in four problematic school buildings (26 classrooms) and two comparison school buildings (12 classrooms). Using air sampling as well as exhaust air filters and classroom settled dust to detect the presence of elevated concentrations of airborne cultivable microbes and pathogenic, toxigenic and mycoparasitic Trichoderma strains were the most indicative methods in distinguishing problematic schools from comparison schools. Other IAQ-related measurements did not detect clear differences between problematic and comparison schools, as the concentration levels were very low. The results indicate that the complaints reported by occupants could have been related to excess moisture or mould problems that had not been found or repaired. Ventilation pressure condition investigations and simultaneous exhaust and supply air filter dust culture should be addressed precisely in future studies.
The detection rate of mental health problems among undergraduates has recently risen significantly. However, undergraduates underutilize mental health services; approximately a third only of ...undergraduates in need of treatment use school counseling resources. Based on a social psychological theoretical framework, the health belief model, factors of undergraduates' willingness to seek help when dealing with psychological problems were investigated. A cross-sectional online questionnaire and a snowball sampling method with 446 undergraduates investigated perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived behavioral benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action to understand how students' mental health-seeking behaviors are affected. We found that perceived susceptibility (
< 0.01), perceived severity (
< 0.01), perceived benefits (
< 0.01), perceived barriers (
< 0.01), self-efficacy (
< 0.01), and cues to action (
< 0.01) significantly correlated with behavioral intention. Encouragement or counseling from others would be more likely to motivate undergraduates to seek mental health help. In addition, we used a bias-corrected Bootstrap approach to test the significance of the mediating effect, the mediation effect of cues to action between undergraduates' perceived susceptibility and mental health help-seeking behavior was utterly significant mediation effect value of 0.077, with an SE value of 0.027 and a 95% CI (0.028, 0.133). It demonstrated that those who perceived themselves to be at high risk of developing a mental illness and who had received encouragement or counseling to seek mental health help were more likely to be motivated to seek mental health help. Multiple regression analyses indicated that self-efficacy (
= 5.425,
< 0.01) and cues to action (
= 6.673,
< 0.01) independently influenced behavioral intentions. Encouragement or counseling from others would be more likely to motivate undergraduates to seek mental health help.
Hand hygiene is the simplest and most effective method to prevent hospital acquired infections (HAI). Compliance with hand hygiene among health providers is, however, widely variable due to ...significant knowledge gaps and behavioral issues. The knowledge and practices of hand hygiene among medical undergraduate students, the future health workforce in the current COVID-19 pandemic will enable a reality check and ensure course correction at an early stage of their learning.
An online questionnaire-based survey based on a standard, validated WHO 25-point (multiple-choice question and Yes/No answers) hand hygiene survey was undertaken among medical undergraduate students in an urban city from April to June 2020. Each correct response was awarded 1 point, and an incorrect response was awarded 0 points. The maximum achievable score was 25, and the minimum score was 0.
A total of 457 students with a mean age 20.24 ± 1.27 years completed the survey. A total of 415 (90.8%) students received hand hygiene training in the past three years. Overall 27.6% (n = 126) students had good knowledge, 65.4% (n = 299) had moderate and 7% (n = 32) had poor knowledge of hand hygiene practices.
There were significant knowledge gaps regarding hand hygiene among medical undergraduate students in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to strengthen existing teaching methods to positively impact behavioral change and potentially translate into better hand hygiene compliance among the future health workforce of the country.
PDF
