Qué es una categoría ontológica? Peter van Inwagen
Disputatio (Madrid, Spain),
01/2021, Letnik:
10, Številka:
16
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this article, I examine the concept of a natural class and propose a definition of "ontological category" in terms of that concept. Let's say a class is "large" if its membership comprises a ...significant proportion of the things which are there. Let's say a class is "high" if it is not a proper subclass of any natural class. Then a natural class is a primary ontological category if and only if (a) there are large natural classes, and (b) it is a high class. (Secondary, tertiary, etc., ontological categories are defined by an extension of this definition). I defend the definition, consider various ways in which it might be modified, and apply it to the problem of constructing a taxonomy of ontologies.
To support semantic inter-operability between the biomedical information systems, it is necessary to determine the correspondences between the heterogeneous biomedical concepts, which is commonly ...known as biomedical ontology matching. Biomedical concepts are usually complex and ambiguous, which makes matching biomedical ontologies a challenge. Since none of the similarity measures can distinguish the heterogeneous biomedical concepts in any context independently, usually several similarity measures are applied together to determine the biomedical concepts mappings. However, the ignorance of the effects brought about by different biomedical concept mapping's preference on the similarity measures significantly reduces the alignment's quality. In this study, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)-III-based biomedical ontology matching technique is proposed to effectively match the biomedical ontologies, which first utilises an ontology partitioning technique to transform the large-scale biomedical ontology matching problem into several ontology segment-matching problems, and then uses NSGA-III to determine the optimal alignment without tuning the aggregating weights. The experiment is conducted on the anatomy track and large biomedic ontologies track which are provided by the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI), and the comparisons with OAEI's participants show the effectiveness of the authors' approach.
Evaluating Domain Ontologies McDaniel, Melinda; Storey, Veda C.
ACM computing surveys,
09/2019, Letnik:
52, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The number of applications being developed that require access to knowledge about the real world has increased rapidly over the past two decades. Domain ontologies, which formalize the terms being ...used in a discipline, have become essential for research in areas such as Machine Learning, the Internet of Things, Robotics, and Natural Language Processing, because they enable separate systems to exchange information. The quality of these domain ontologies, however, must be ensured for meaningful communication. Assessing the quality of domain ontologies for their suitability to potential applications remains difficult, even though a variety of frameworks and metrics have been developed for doing so. This article reviews domain ontology assessment efforts to highlight the work that has been carried out and to clarify the important issues that remain. These assessment efforts are classified into five distinct evaluation approaches and the state of the art of each described. Challenges associated with domain ontology assessment are outlined and recommendations are made for future research and applications.
Ontology of knowledge in the training of specialist-creator Nesterenko, Vladimir M; Melnik, Nadezhda M
St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal. Humanities and Social Sciences,
01/2020, Letnik:
11, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The article examines a possibility of creating a new type of ontology of knowledge in the training of a specialist-creator. This ontology of knowledge is systematically directed at developing the ...ability to consciously construct professional activities based on the subject’s continuous response to changes in the state of the environment and the object of creative activity. Sustainable, continuous response is provided by the axiomatic interconnection of the elements of the system, which determines their mutual influence (dipole principle of representation). As system elements (dipoles), the authors adopted the parametric space of representing professional activities and the parametric space of representing the subject of activity that reflect information about the parameters of productive activity and the subject of activity. Pedagogical conditions are created that realize the ability of the subject to form a system of influences on the object and predict changes in the state of the object as a result of actualized influences. The system of transformative influences on the object is dynamically correlated in the function of the reflected information about the results of the influence: the subject interacts with the object, and the object affects the subject through the reflected information. The continuous response of specialists to changes in environmental parameters (transformation of the direction of activity) ensures the ability of a specialist-creator to constructing professional activities in real time area of interest throughout their working life. A new type of thinking has been organized: a holistic systemic vision of all human activity, awareness of the meaning of one’s own activity, forecasting the compliance of the decision and the object created with the needs of the society. Thus, the activities of specialist-creators involve a coherent interrelation of technology entrepreneurship, management and production.
Although separated by a span of nearly twenty years, both F.T. Marinetti’s Mafarka le futuriste (1909) and Massimo Bontempelli’s Minnie la candida (1928) investigate the ontological parameters of ...humanness through comparison and confrontation with the nonhuman animal, and, in particular, with fish. This article takes up this shared trope of the fish to examine how both authors position themselves with regards to the Futurist movement’s fervent interest in mankind’s relationship to technology and the natural world. While in his mythopoeic novel on the origins of Futurism, Marinetti utilizes Mafarka’s crystal aquarium to suggest a prepotent fusion of nature and technology through which the dangers posed by the natural world are either excised or contained through the mediation of technology, the fish tank of Bontempelli’s play is used to portray technology’s indiscriminate intrusions on the natural world and on that world’s bodies, both human and nonhuman. By looking at how both Marinetti and Bontempelli employ the nonhuman animal to remake and unmake the human, through the characters of the superhuman Mafarka and the innocent and doomed Minnie, respectively, this article sheds light on the ecological and ontological questions raised by Futurism’s investigation into the human against a backdrop of rapid technological advancement.
This article aims to deal with the theme of development and fundamental rights in the scope of Western constitutional rationality, especially Brazilian one, intending to answer this central question: ...how can we show the plurality of lives and cultures that the racist Eurocentric project seeks to erase with its developmental monism? With the assumption of the need of cognitive decentration to reflect on ontologies and epistemologies on which eurocentrism was built above and thematize aspects of the formation of Western rationality in order to make it possible to learn from cultures of the peoples originary in the production of another must becoming. The methodology of work was oriented by the quadripolar perspective: the views of epistemic, theoretical, morphological and technical points, which are guided ontologically with the prospect of identifying the Eurocentric monism confronted by resistances. The technique of work was bibliographical and documentary research, with survey in maps of association of ideas. As the main result there is the narrative about the crisis on the project of modernity: on the subject of development and on the matter of rules that aim to guarantee such project, and the need to face it from the genesis of it is structures.
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