Although separated by a span of nearly twenty years, both F.T. Marinetti’s Mafarka le futuriste (1909) and Massimo Bontempelli’s Minnie la candida (1928) investigate the ontological parameters of ...humanness through comparison and confrontation with the nonhuman animal, and, in particular, with fish. This article takes up this shared trope of the fish to examine how both authors position themselves with regards to the Futurist movement’s fervent interest in mankind’s relationship to technology and the natural world. While in his mythopoeic novel on the origins of Futurism, Marinetti utilizes Mafarka’s crystal aquarium to suggest a prepotent fusion of nature and technology through which the dangers posed by the natural world are either excised or contained through the mediation of technology, the fish tank of Bontempelli’s play is used to portray technology’s indiscriminate intrusions on the natural world and on that world’s bodies, both human and nonhuman. By looking at how both Marinetti and Bontempelli employ the nonhuman animal to remake and unmake the human, through the characters of the superhuman Mafarka and the innocent and doomed Minnie, respectively, this article sheds light on the ecological and ontological questions raised by Futurism’s investigation into the human against a backdrop of rapid technological advancement.
To support semantic inter-operability between the biomedical information systems, it is necessary to determine the correspondences between the heterogeneous biomedical concepts, which is commonly ...known as biomedical ontology matching. Biomedical concepts are usually complex and ambiguous, which makes matching biomedical ontologies a challenge. Since none of the similarity measures can distinguish the heterogeneous biomedical concepts in any context independently, usually several similarity measures are applied together to determine the biomedical concepts mappings. However, the ignorance of the effects brought about by different biomedical concept mapping's preference on the similarity measures significantly reduces the alignment's quality. In this study, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)-III-based biomedical ontology matching technique is proposed to effectively match the biomedical ontologies, which first utilises an ontology partitioning technique to transform the large-scale biomedical ontology matching problem into several ontology segment-matching problems, and then uses NSGA-III to determine the optimal alignment without tuning the aggregating weights. The experiment is conducted on the anatomy track and large biomedic ontologies track which are provided by the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI), and the comparisons with OAEI's participants show the effectiveness of the authors' approach.
La globalización y la transformación digital ofrecen grandes posibilidades de desarrollo, pero a la vez presentan desafíos e incertidumbre. Ante estas oportunidades y retos, los estados promueven la ...investigación para generar y desarrollar un potencial de innovación. Sin embargo, la definición de políticas, estrategias o instrumentos de fomento para el desarrollo y transferencia del conocimiento es compleja, ya que enfrenta altos niveles de incertidumbre y conexiones no evidentes entre las variables en un medio dinámico que dificulta la planificación a mediano y largo plazo. Este artículo ofrece un análisis sistemático de los proyectos adjudicados en tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) por la Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Conicyt) de Chile. Para identificar los énfasis y omisiones en la adjudicación de proyectos de investigación que desarrolla el potencial de innovación con TIC, se clasifican los proyectos aprobados por Conicyt entre 2000 y 2017 a través de un marco ontológico.
Ontology Engineering has captured much attention during the last decades leading to the proliferation of numerous works regarding methodologies, guidelines, tools, resources, etc. including topics ...which are still being investigated. Even though, there are still many open questions when addressing a new ontology development project, regarding how to manage the overall project and articulate transitions between activities or which tasks and tools are recommended for each step. In this work we propose the Linked Open Terms (LOT) methodology, an overall and lightweight methodology for building ontologies based on existing methodologies and oriented to semantic web developments and technologies. The LOT methodology focuses on the alignment with industrial development, in addition to academic and research projects, and software development, that is making ontology development part of the software industry. This methodology includes lessons learnt from more than 20 years in ontological engineering and its application on 18 projects is reported.
Una parte importante de los debates antropológicos contemporáneos busca subvertir la división naturaleza/cultura y redefinir el contexto de investigación para tomar en cuenta a las entidades ...no-humanas como agentes inmanentes de significación. Este artículo tiene como propósito dar cuenta de la multiplicidad de abordajes propuestos. Se enfoca en sus desencuentros, puntos compartidos y fricciones productivas. Para ello señala que dichas teorizaciones se concentran en torno a tres interrogantes entrelazados: ¿qué es y qué posee capacidad de agencia?, ¿habitamos uno o varios mundos?, ¿debemos abandonar la oposición naturaleza/cultura por el concepto de ontología? Este ejercicio comparativo permite mapear las especificidades de las nuevas apuestas disciplinares y dimensionar sus falencias y potencialidades. A key debate in contemporary anthropology seeks to subvert the nature/culture division and redefine the research context to consider non-human entities as immanent agents of meaning. This article exposes several approaches to this topic. It focuses on their disagreements, shared points and productive frictions. It points out that these theorizations involve three interwoven questions: what is agency, who and what has the capacity for agency? Do we inhabit one or several worlds? And, should we abandon the opposition nature/culture and replace it with the concept of ontology? This comparative exercise allows us to map the specificities of the new disciplinary stakes and is useful to assess their shortcomings and potentialities. Uma parte importante dos debates antropológicos contemporâneos pretende subverter a divisão natureza-cultura e redefinir o contexto de pesquisa para considerar as entidades não humanas como agentes imanentes de significação. Este artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar a multiplicidade de abordagens propostas. Enfoca-se em seus desencontros, pontos compartilhados e fricções produtivas. Para isso, indica que essas teorizações estão concentradas em três interrogantes entrelaçadas: o que é a capacidade de agência e o que ela possui?, habitamos um ou vários mundos?, devemos abandonar a oposição natureza-cultura pelo conceito de ontologia? Esse exercício comparativo permite mapear as especificidades das novas propostas disciplinares e dimensionar suas falhas e potencialidades.
Property in Digital Coins Allen, J.G.
European property law journal,
05/2019, Letnik:
8, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Digital coins have burst into mainstream awareness recently, mainly as a result of high-worth ‘Initial Coin Offerings’ (‘ICOs’). The most immediate question in the legal treatment of digital coins is ...whether they are properly seen as digital ‘commodities’, and/or as ‘securities’, and/or as units of ‘money’. But the conceptual underpinnings of these categories are not clear, nor is it clear how these categories relate to each other; no legal system currently deals adequately with incorporeal objects as objects of property law. This category includes not only digital coins but also some forms of conventional money and securities. Establishing a satisfactory account of their treatment in property law is therefore a necessary first step to incorporating digital coins into private law theory. I argue that this task is best approached on the basis of a plausible ontology of incorporeal objects, including those embodied in paper (i.e. banknotes and conventional securities) and those that exist natively in ‘cyberspace’ (i.e. electronic ‘book-money’, modern securities, and now digital coins). We therefore urgently need to develop a plausible account of a how packets of data can be treated as an object of property rights. Using a comparative analysis of English law and Civilian law (particularly German) concepts of property as an entry point into this complex of problems, I explore the ontology of incorporeal objects and the role of documentation in their creation and maintenance as part of the ‘ontic furniture’ of our economic world. I explore the conceptual basis of property in digital coins in terms of a new category of property. Such a category is long overdue and will be increasingly important in the future.
Semantic embedding of knowledge graphs has been widely studied and used for prediction and statistical analysis tasks across various domains such as Natural Language Processing and the Semantic Web. ...However, less attention has been paid to developing robust methods for embedding OWL (Web Ontology Language) ontologies, which contain richer semantic information than plain knowledge graphs, and have been widely adopted in domains such as bioinformatics. In this paper, we propose a random walk and word embedding based ontology embedding method named OWL2Vec*, which encodes the semantics of an OWL ontology by taking into account its graph structure, lexical information and logical constructors. Our empirical evaluation with three real world datasets suggests that OWL2Vec* benefits from these three different aspects of an ontology in class membership prediction and class subsumption prediction tasks. Furthermore, OWL2Vec* often significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in our experiments.
The article is devoted to understanding the problems of intergenerational discourse and its transformation in ontological and socio-cultural reality. The paper substantiates the need to maintain the ...mechanism of accumulation and reproduction of the experience of ancestors. It is shown that the violation of the knowledge transfer and traditions leads to the distortion or disappearance of universal cultural codes. The characteristic features of the culturological, psychological and demographic approaches are analyzed, the combination of which allows a more thorough study of the problem posed: to show the influence of historical and socio-cultural transformations on the characteristics of interaction between generations, to determine the form of transfer and assimilation of experience within the family, to demonstrate the socially significant consequences of the demographic revolution. The authors note the importance of maintaining communication between generations, which is a necessary condition for the further development and functioning of society.
The following paper presents the three most powerful approaches to the metaphysical phenomena ofgeneration and corruption stemming from Aristotle, Alfred North Whitehead and Nicolai Hartmann.After ...starting with a general overview of the historical developments of philosophical concepts on theissue of generation and corruption, the article sheds light on different criticisms evaluating the classicalAristotelian account of substance. Thereafter, I refer to the work of Nicolai Hartmann whose aim is toontologize the fundamental processes of coming-into-being and passing away while his contemporaryA. N. Whitehead sets up a certain process philosophy conceptually refraining from an Aristotelian conceptionof substance. In my view, both approaches require an overall re-examination of Aristotelianmetaphysics. In his rediscovered and attention-getting work De generatione et corruptione Aristotlegives an impressive account on how to understand substance out of the processes of coming-into-beingand passing-away. Against this backdrop, I finally argue that Aristotle’s conception of becoming iscloser to Whitehead’s process philosophy than to Hartmann’s positivistic ontology because in De generationeet corruptione the self-standing character of substance emerges as a subsequent moment of anencompassing processuality (described as a teleological alternation of generation and corruption). Incontrast, Hartmann claims that the process itself has to be taken as a self-standing substance.
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