The research on black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens L.; Diptera: Stratiomyidae) rearing is on the rise. The larval ability to grow on organic substances makes it an ideal candidate for the ...bioconversion of agricultural and other organic side streams. While there are several publications on the variables influencing the growth and development of different stages of BSF, juxtaposing the results could be amiss. This is because of the different experimental approaches and units used by the researchers. A few publications also lack information that might be necessary for comparing the results when using similar substrate and rearing conditions. In this review, we have analyzed the studies on rearing variables such as the type of feeding substrate, substrate depth and aeration, substrate temperature, substrate moisture, pH, feeding rate, and larval density mainly, but not exclusively, for the larvae. For the adults, factors such as the cage size, fly density, light, ambient temperature, and relative humidity are considered. In addition, larval performance when fed with side streams is encapsulated. This provides a backbone for future researchers to identify the already assessed variables along with their range and encourages them to define and use standardized rearing practices for a better comparison of the results.
Managing organic agricultural wastes is a challenge in today’s modern agriculture, where the production of different agricultural goods leads to the generation of large amounts of waste, for example, ...olive pomace and vine shoot in Mediterranean Europe. The discovery of a cost-effective and environment-friendly way to valorize such types of waste in Mediterranean Europe is encouraged by the European Union regulation. As an opportunity, organic agricultural waste could be used as culture media for solid-state fermentation (SSF) for fungal strains. This methodology represents a great opportunity to produce secondary metabolites like 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6-PP), a lactone compound with antifungal properties against phytopathogens, produced by Trichoderma spp. Therefore, to reach adequate yields of 6-PP, lytic enzymes, and spores, optimization using specific agricultural cheap local wastes from Southeastern France is in order. The present study was designed to show the applicability of an experimental admixture design to find the optimal formulation that favors the production of 6-PP. To conclude, the optimized formulation of 6-PP production by Trichoderma under SSF contains 18% wheat bran, 23% potato flakes, 20% olive pomace, 14% olive oil, 24% oatmeal, and 40% vine shoots.
In this article, we review and discuss the factors, which affect the change in the consumer behavior towards organic food. We extract findings from various studies conducted in different countries ...and analyze those factors and provide suggestions for future research. We find that health-conscious consumers show a growing preference for organic food over the conventionally grown food. This shift in the attitude of the modern consumers is greatly influenced by the rising incidence of lifestyle diseases, such as heart disorders and depression. The need to purchase organic food to improve the quality of life will have huge implications for the retail, distribution and marketing functions of business.
Organic dry pea Thavarajah, Dil; Lawrence, Tristan J; Powers, Sarah E ...
PloS one,
01/2022, Letnik:
17, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A primary criticism of organic agriculture is its lower yield and nutritional quality compared to conventional systems. Nutritionally, dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a rich source of low digestible ...carbohydrates, protein, and micronutrients. This study aimed to evaluate dry pea cultivars and advanced breeding lines using on-farm field selections to inform the development of biofortified organic cultivars with increased yield and nutritional quality. A total of 44 dry pea entries were grown in two USDA-certified organic on-farm locations in South Carolina (SC), United States of America (USA) for two years. Seed yield and protein for dry pea ranged from 61 to 3833 kg ha.sup.-1 and 12.6 to 34.2 g/100 g, respectively, with low heritability estimates. Total prebiotic carbohydrate concentration ranged from 14.7 to 26.6 g/100 g. A 100-g serving of organic dry pea provides 73.5 to 133% of the recommended daily allowance (%RDA) of prebiotic carbohydrates. Heritability estimates for individual prebiotic carbohydrates ranged from 0.27 to 0.82. Organic dry peas are rich in minerals iron (Fe): 1.9-26.2 mg/100 g; zinc (Zn): 1.1-7.5 mg/100 g and have low to moderate concentrations of phytic acid (PA:18.8-516 mg/100 g). The significant cultivar, location, and year effects were evident for grain yield, thousand seed weight (1000-seed weight), and protein, but results for other nutritional traits varied with genotype, environment, and interactions. "AAC Carver," "Jetset," and "Mystique" were the best-adapted cultivars with high yield, and "CDC Striker," "Fiddle," and "Hampton" had the highest protein concentration. These cultivars are the best performing cultivars that should be incorporated into organic dry pea breeding programs to develop cultivars suitable for organic production. In conclusion, organic dry pea has potential as a winter cash crop in southern climates. Still, it will require selecting diverse genetic material and location sourcing to develop improved cultivars with a higher yield, disease resistance, and nutritional quality.
O artigo problematiza o ensino de agroecologia na perspectiva da educação e da conscientização ambiental com aporte na Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88), especificamente no art. 225. Assume, como ...ponto de partida, a crítica do paradigma antropocêntrico, o qual, entre outros aspectos, trata a natureza como ‘recurso a ser explorado’. Na primeira parte, se busca uma contextualização e análise do conceito de agroecologia e a caracterização dos aspectos socioambientais. Em seguida, se realiza uma análise da normativa referente à agroecologia, com aporte na CF/88, no Decreto Federal nº 7.794/2012, que institui a Política Nacional de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica, e na Lei Federal nº 10.831/2003, que dispõe sobre a agricultura orgânica. Na terceira parte, se discute o ensino de agroecologia, inserido numa concepção de educação e conscientização ambiental, a partir da abordagem da ecologia de saberes como perspectiva epistemológica, e da crítica do paradigma antropocêntrico, cujas características estão presentes no texto constitucional e cuja superação é necessária para a concretização do disposto no art. 225, §1º, VI, da CF/88
Organic and conventional farms often coexist, yet their proximity does not ensure compatibility. Larsen et al. reveal that being surrounded by organic fields reduces pesticide usage in organic fields ...but increases it in conventional fields. We discuss these findings, emphasizing the need to cluster organic croplands for reduced pesticide use.
Organic and conventional farms often coexist, yet their proximity does not ensure compatibility. Larsen et al. reveal that being surrounded by organic fields reduces pesticide usage in organic fields but increases it in conventional fields. We discuss these findings, emphasizing the need to cluster organic croplands for reduced pesticide use.
Management of the agricultural environment is an important side of sustainable development which discusses how to meet the needs of the present generation without causing future generations to not be ...met. For this reason, the agricultural environment is managed towards a healthy and sustainable environment in the long term (Fao, 2018, Hendrik, 2019). Management of the agricultural environment can be done using conventional techniques from generation to generation, or with organic farming, namely agriculture without chemical fertilizers and pesticides which in the long term causes environmental degradation of agriculture and unsustainable agriculture, to overcome this problem a more friendly agricultural system is needed. Organic agriculture is one of the agricultural production systems that are often considered as an approach to achieve healthy and sustainable agricultural goals. Although the government continues to encourage farmers to switch to organic farming, in reality only a few farmers have switched to this system. This is also influenced by farmers' perceptions of organic farming, the factors that become obstacles why farmers are reluctant to adopt organic agriculture into their farming, including: 1) farmers' perception that although organic products have a higher price than inorganic products, organic agricultural production is lower; 2) dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides because farmers have been using them for a long time; 3) the view that organic fertilizer processing is complicated and takes a long time; 4) difficult to get organic fertilizer.
Cultivars suitable for organic production systems differ in many aspects from those adapted to a conventional one. The present study aimed to evaluate 23 white lupine genotypes for a range of traits: ...stability, biomass productivity and related parameters, tolerance to Fusarium oxysporum, and nutritional forage value. The goal was to identify white lupine genotypes suitable for organic production conditions in Central Northern Bulgaria. Among the genotypes, Solnechnii, Termis Mestnii, and Tel Keram exhibited the highest dry mass productivity, surpassing 14 t/ha. Solnechnii and Termis Mestnii showed no symptoms of F. oxysporum infection but were unstable in terms of forage yield. On the other hand, the genotypes Bezimenii 1, Barde, 17 Nahrquell, and WAT showed a satisfactory level of stability. Ranking according to basic parameters of biochemical composition, energy, and protein nutritional value determined ranks 1 and 2 for Pink Mutant and Kijewskij Mutant. A genotype with a good balance and complex suitability for organic conditions, considering stability, productivity, and tolerance to F. oxysporum, was identified as Bezimenii 1. This genotype exhibited both stability and productivity while demonstrating high resistance to F. oxysporum (infestation index of 7.18%).
Seasonal (temporal) variations can influence the δsup.13C, δsup.2H, δsup.18O, and δsup.15N values and nutrient composition of organic (ORG), green (GRE), and conventional (CON) vegetables with a ...short growth cycle. Stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method were used to investigate seasonal effects on the identification of ORG, GRE, and CON Brassica chinensis L. samples (BCs). The results showed that δsup.15N values had significant differences among the three cultivation methods and that δsup.13C, δsup.2H, and δsup.18O values were significantly higher in winter and spring and lower in summer. The NIR spectra were relatively clustered across seasons. Neither IRMS-PLS-DA nor NIRS-PLS-DA could effectively identify all BC cultivation methods due to seasonal effects, while IRMS-NIRS-PLS-DA combined with Norris smoothing and derivative pretreatment had better predictive abilities, with an 89.80% accuracy for ORG and BCs, 88.89% for ORG and GRE BCs, and 75.00% for GRE and CON BCs. The IRMS-NIRS-PLS-DA provided an effective and robust method to identify BC cultivation methods, integrating multi-seasonal differences.
PDF
