Celem niniejszego artykułu jest skonfrontowanie metody alegorezy greckiej (Heraklit Alegoreta) z alegorezą żydowską, zrekonstruowaną w oparciu o dzieła Filona Aleksandryjskiego i ...wczesnochrześcijańską (Orygenes). Rekonstrukcja ta pozwoliła mi, w części zatytułowanej alegoria a alegoresis, na postawienie następujących tez: po pierwsze, terminy alegoria i alegoreza, bez zasadnego powodu, stosowane są zamiennie lub mieszane. A przecież zabieg alegoryzowania (alegoria) różni się i to w sposób znaczący od metody alegoretycznej. Dlatego, postawiłem kolejne tezy: (1) o konieczności jednoznacznego odróżnienia powyższych procedur oraz (2) wprowadzenia konkretnych terminów pozwalających uchwycić różnicę między grecką, żydowską i wczesnochrześcijańską alegorezą. W tym celu wprowadziłem określenia stosowane w hermeneutyce, a mianowicie: alegoresis sacra i alegoresis prophana. W kolejnych częściach tekstu omówiłem specyficzne cechy każdego typu alegorezy starożytnej: greckiej, żydowskiej i chrześcijańskiej. Wszystkie trzy formy alegorezy mają na celu przedłożenie komentarza, który spełniałby standardy racjonalności wypracowane przez starożytną naukę (filozofię), tzn. wyeliminowania wszelkich nielogiczności, antropomorfizmów czy antropopatyzmów (w odniesieniu do Boga) oraz wydobycia z tekstu „Biblii” uniwersalnego przesłania. Różnica jaka się jednak między nimi wyłania, prowadzi do wniosku, że w przeciwieństwie do alegorezy greckiej, Filon i Orygenes postrzegają odmiennie wartość sensu dosłownego (litery tekstu) – dbając o jego zachowanie. Można zatem twierdzić, że u Orygenesa, metoda alegoretyczna uzyskała swą najpełniejszą czyli dojrzałą postać, (1) wskazując na trzy sensu tekstu: dosłowny (soma) moralny (psyche) i mistyczno-filozoficzny (pneuma) i (2) łącząc alegorezę sacra i prophana w jedną metodę odczytywania i interpretowania tekstu Pisma świętego.
•Sensitivity analysis for the ULOF of the PGSFR was performed using PAPIRUS.•Uncertainty propagation was performed by mapping uncertainty bands of parameters.•Distributions for fuel centerline, ...cladding and coolant temperatures were determined.
In this research, sensitivity and uncertainty analyses for 23 parameters were performed for unprotected loss of flow (ULOF) for the prototype Gen-IV sodium-cooled fast reactor (PGSFR) by using the parallel computing platform integrated for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis (PAPIRUS). Based on the development of the phenomena and model identification and ranking table (PIRT), the relative importance of the parameters was confirmed through the sensitivity analysis. The objective of the global uncertainty analysis is to evaluate all safety parameters of the system in the combined phase space formed by the parameters and dependent variables. The uncertainty propagation was performed by mapping the uncertainty bands of the model parameters through the MARS-LMR to determine the distributions for the fuel centerline, cladding, and coolant temperatures. The results show that the uncertainty bands of the temperatures are below the melting point.
•A best-estimate approach based on the CSAU is applied to the ULOF analysis of a pool-type SFR.•The MARS-LMR code and the PAPIRUS tool are used to perform the uncertainty and sensitivity ...analyses.•The sensitivity parameters and its ranges are determined through intensive experts’ panel discussion.•The data coverage of code models is validated with the coolant temperature measured in EBR-II test.•The relative importance of parameters is evaluated with the sensitivity study for the FoMs.
The safety analysis of nuclear power plants has been performed using conservative approach based on conservative assumptions and boundary conditions to evaluate the safety margin of plant operation. However, this conservative approach could lead to unrealistic behavior predictions and eventually distort some phenomena in reactor systems. Therefore, the nuclear field moved towards an alternative best-estimate approach with uncertainty quantification in order to improve the phenomena prediction and to decrease the excessive conservatism in safety margins. In this study, the best estimate methodology is applied to improve the accuracy and reliability in safety analysis of an SFR. The applied best estimate methodology is based on the CSAU. This methodology is composed of three unique steps for evaluation of code capability, assessment and range of parameters, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the appropriateness of sensitivity parameters and its ranges, which have been determined through intensive experts’ panel discussion, by use of the data obtained from the EBR-II Unprotected Loss of Flow (ULOF) experiment. The MARS-LMR thermal–hydraulic code and the parallel computing platform integrated for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis (PAPIRUS) become the basic calculation tools in the study. Confirmation of data coverage is performed through the evaluation of coolant temperature in the instrumented subassemblies XX09. The appropriateness of parameters and its ranges are evaluated for three different cases: original parameters and ranges suggested in the MIRT, ±10% increased parameter ranges, and 200% increased axial reactivity feedback coefficient only. The case with the original parameters and ranges does not result in a valid data coverage, which means inadequate modeling accuracy for the ULOF scenario. The other two cases give complete coverage of EBR-II temperature data measured at the core top, which suggest the need of further refinement of reactivity models. The relative importance of the parameters is confirmed through the sensitivity analysis with respect to the Figures of Merit (FoM). The selected dominant parameters are the sodium density reactivity, above core load pad strain coefficient, core radial expansion reactivity coefficient and fuel axial expansion reactivity coefficient. The pump coastdown curve and the core inlet form loss are also found to be significant parameters during the transient.
The performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands in the removal of micropollutants from a wastewater treatment plant effluent was evaluated at mesocosm level. Fifteen mesocosms were ...studied following a modified Latin Square experimental design with six additional points. Three variables at three levels were studied: porous media –PM- (river gravel, fine volcanic gravel and coarse volcanic gravel), macrophyte type –M- (Thypa latiffolia, Phragmites australis , and Cyperus papyrus) and hydraulic retention time –HRT- (1, 3 and 5 days). As response variables the removal percentages of the total organic load of the effluent (BOD ₅) and the loads of several micropollutants (caffeine, galaxolide, tonalide, alkylphenols and their monoethoxylates and diethoxylates, methyl dihydrojasmonate, sunscreen UV-15 and parsol) were used. The results showed that the systems remove between 70% and 75% of the organic load and that all the micropollutants were degraded at different extents, from 55% to 99%. The HRT was the variable that showed major effects on the treatment process, while M and PM showed no statistically significant differences in the used experimental conditions.
Sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification using Wilks' formula and Monte Carlo for Unprotected Loss of Flow (ULOF) and Unprotected Transient OverPower (UTOP) accidents of prototype Gen-IV ...sodium-cooled fast reactor were performed. Multi-dimensional analysis for reactor safety for liquid metal reactors code calculations were conducted while simultaneously varying the values of all uncertain parameters according to their distribution using parallel computing platform integrated for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to obtain uncertainty bands for Figures of Merit (FOM) - coolant, fuel centerline, and cladding temperature at the hottest fuel rod. To specify the uncertainty range of the parameters for each accident scenario, literature survey and expert judgments were consulted. By the sensitivity analysis, the importance ranking of 25 parameters in model identification and ranking table based on phenomena identification and ranking table was identified. Through Monte Carlo calculation, 95% upper limit and 95% confidence level were obtained, and about 2% and 5% under-prediction (risk) of FOM of ULOF and UTOP accidents using Wilks' formula were confirmed, respectively.
At the International Congress of Coptic Studies in Rome on 18 September2012, Professor Karen L. King, Hollis Professor of Divinity fromHarvard Divinity School, presented a papyrus fragment with ...Coptic text,known as The Gospel of Jesus’ Wife. This document includes very problematicsentence: „Jesus said to them: My wife…”. Prof. King maintains inher article that the papyrus comes from the 4th century and contains Coptictranslation of a gospel, possibly written in Greek in the second century,although there is no consensus among the experts on this matter.This article engages in the debate on The Gospel of Jesus’ Wife and firstincludes the description of the manuscript and its datation, then provides theCoptic text with its translation and in finally the comparison is made of theGospel with the selected verses from another Coptic document: The Gospelof Thomas. The article shows, that The Gospel of Jesus’Wife is a modernforgery, written on a scrap of ancient papyrus and that most of words andexpressions, used in this document, comes from The Gospel of Thomas.
this survey is the first monograph devoted to documentary Arabic letters, based on all available editions of Arabic private and business letters on payprus. It contributes to the fields of Arabic ...papyrology and wider studies, compiling insights of the Arabic papyrology pioneers and presenting entirely new perspectives.
Nedavna objava novo odkritih besedil pesmi, za katere je zelo verjetno, da so delo helenističnega epigramatika Pozejdipa iz Pele, predstavlja največji doprinos h korpusu grške literature v zadnjem ...času. Glede na količino nove poezije in na njen pomen za razumevanje literarnega obdobja je to vsekakor najpomembnejše odkritje v zadnjih desetletjih, ki se lahko primerja s papiro-loškimi najdbami Bakhilida, Menandra in Sapfo. Poleg tega najdba velja tudi za najzgodnejši primerek estetsko oblikovane zbirke grške poezije.
Utrinki iz papirologije Sonja Zupančič
Keria: Studia Latina et Graeca,
07/2003, Letnik:
5, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Odprti dostop
Ko danes sedimo v naslanjaču in držimo v rokah lepo vezano knjigo, tudi če je njena vsebina sad pesniškega navdiha iz daljne preteklosti, si težko predstavljamo, da ni bila vedno napisana v taki ...obliki. Papirologija je veda, ki se ukvarja z razbiranjem starih tekstov, ki so se ohranili na papirusih (o n:ci.rrnpoi;). Material, s katerim danes razpolagamo, sega od konca 4. stol. pr. Kr. vse do Arabcev (8. stol. po Kr.), ko začnemo konvencionalno govoriti o paleografiji. Gre za vsakovrstne tekste, od literarnih do vsakdanjih komercialnih zapisov.
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