Na osnovi izvršenih parazitoloških pretraga unutrašnjih organa i poprečno-prugaste muskulature 1.939 preživača (1.006 teladi, 182 junadi, 538 goveda i 213 ovaca) iz individualnog uzgoja, podrijetlom ...s područja općine Travnik, kod 39,65 % životinja utvrđeno je prisustvo parazitskih vrsta iz klase Trematoda i larvalnih oblika parazita klase Eucestoda. Utvrđene su četiri vrste parazita, od čega dvije vrste trematoda Fasciola hepatica i Dicrocoelium dendriticum i dvije vrste larvalnih oblika eucestoda, Echinococcus polymorphus (vrste Echinococcus granulosus) i Cysticercus bovis (vrste Taenia saginata). Najveći ukupni postotak infestacije pretraženih preživača od 29,55 % opažen je za ciste Echinococcus polymorphus s najčešćim nalazom u jetri i plućima, a sporadično su nađeni na srcu, slezeni i bubregu. Dvostruko manji nalaz utvrđen je za Dicrocoelium dendriticum, 15,57 %, zatim Fasciola hepatica 8,45 %, a najmanji je utvrđen za bobice Cysticercus bovis, samo 0,41 %.
The most important parasites of ruminants from the Travnik area
On the basis of parasitological researches of internal organs and striated muscles 1,939 ruminants (1,006 calves, 182 beef cattle, 538 cattle and 213 sheep) of individual breeding on the region of the of Travnik, 39.65 % of the animals was determined the presence of parasitic species of the Trematoda class and larval forms of the parasite of the Eucestoda class. Two species of trematode Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum and two larval forms of cestode Echinococcus polymorphus (species Echinococcus granulosus) and Cysticercus bovis (species Taenia saginata) were found. The highest total percentage of infestation of 29.55 % was registered for cysts of Echinococcus polymorphus the most commonly found in the liver and lungs, and occasionally are located on the heart, spleen and kidney. Half less has been established Dicrocoelium dendriticum 15,57 %, then Fasciola hepatica of 8,45% and the lowest was Cysticercus bovis, only 0.41%.
Bedeutende Parasitenarten bei Wiederkäuern im Raum von Travnik
Auf der Grundlage von parasitologischen Untersuchungen der inneren Organe und der Skelettmuskulatur von 1 939 Wiederkäuern (1006 Kälber, 182 Jungviecher, 538 Rinder und 213 Schafe) aus individueller Aufzucht aus dem Raum der Gemeinde Travnik, wurde bei 39,65% der Tiere die Anwesenheit von Parasiten aus der Klasse der Saugwürmer (Trematoda) sowie der Larvenformen der Parasiten aus der Klasse der Bandwürmer (Eucestoda) nachgewiesen. Es wurden vier Parasitenarten identifiziert, bzw. zwei Arten der Saugwürmer Fasciola hepatica und Dicrocoelium dendriticum und zwei Arten der Larvenform der Bandwürmer: Echinococcus polymorphus (Echinococcus granulosus) und Cysticercus bovis (Taenia saginata). Der größte Anteil des Befalls der untersuchten Wiederkäuer, bzw. 29,55%, entfällt auf den cystösen Echinococcus polymorphus, der am häufigsten in der Leber und der Lunge und gelegentlich am Herzen, an der Milz und an den Nieren festgestellt wurde. Mit 15,57% war der Anteil des Lanzettegels (Dicrocoelium dendriticu) doppelt so gering, während der Anteil des Großen Leberegels (Fasciola hepatica) 8,45% betrug; der geringste Anteil mit nur 0,41% wurde bei der Rinderfinne Cysticercus bovis festgestellt.
Especies importantes de los parásitos rumiantes de la región de Travnik
Basándose en los análisis parasitológicos de los intestinos y de los músculos estriados de 1.939 rumiantes (1.006 terneros, 182 novillos, 538 ganados vacunos y 213 ovejas) de la crianza individual, de la región del municipio de Travnik, en 39,65% de los animales fueron determinados los parásitos trematodos y las larvas de la subclase Eucestodas. Fueron encontrados cuatro especies de parásitos, de los cuales dos fueron trematodos Fasciola hepatica y Dicrocoelium dendriticum, y dos especies de larvas Eucestodas, Echinococcus polymorphus (especie Echinococcus granulosus) y Cysticercus bovis (especie Taenia saginata). El porcentaje más alto de los rumiantes analisados infestados fue 29,55% con quistes causados por Echinococcus polymorphus predominantemente encontrados en el hígado y en los pulmones y esporádicamente encontrados en los corazones, los bazos y en los riñones. El número dos veces menor fue encontrado para los Dicrocoelium dendriticum (15,57%) y Fasciola hepatica (8,45%), y el número más pequeño de sólo 0,41% fue encontrado para los Cysticercus bovis.
Significative specie di parassiti dei ruminanti nel territorio di Travnik
In base agli esami parassitologici eseguiti sugli organi interni e sul tessuto muscolare striato di 1.939 ruminanti (1.006 vitelli, 182 manzi, 538 buoi e 213 pecore) allevati in gabbiette individuali e provenienti dal territorio del comune di Travnik, nel 39,65% degli animali esaminati è stata accertata la presenza di specie parassitarie appartenenti alla classe Trematodi e forme larvali di parassiti appartenenti alla sottoclasse Eucestodi. Sono state individuate quattro specie di parassiti, di cui due trematodi (Fasciola hepatica e Dicrocoelium dendriticum) e due in forma larvale appartenenti agli eucestodi: Echinococcus polymorphus (specie Echinococcus granulosus) e Cysticercus bovis (specie Taenia saginata). La maggior percentuale totale di infestazione dei ruminanti esaminati, pari al 29,55%, è stata riscontrata in riferimento alle cisti dell’Echinococcus polymorphus, rinvenuta con maggior frequenza nel fegato e nei polmoni e, sporadicamente, nel cuore, nella milza e nei reni. Inferiore della metà è stata la percentuale riscontrata di Dicrocoelium dendriticum (15,57%), seguita dalla Fasciola hepatica (8,45%). Fanalino di coda le larve di Cysticercus bovis, con una percentuale del 0,41%.
Domates, insan besini olarak önemli bir sebzedir. Türkiye'de özellikle son yıllarda üretimi giderek artmış ve 2000 yılı itibarıyla 8.890.000 tona çıkmıştır. Ancak bazı yerlerde domates bitkisi kök-ur ...nematodlarından önemli derecede zarar görmektedir. Bu zararlının topraktan bitkiye bulaşması ikinci larva döneminde olmaktadır. Sözkonusu zararlıyla mücadele ise bazı kültürel önlemlerin dışında pahalı olup, yeterince başarıya ulaşamamaktadır. Kök-ur nematodlarının yıllık populasyon değişimleri incelendiğinde biri ilkbahar, diğeri sonbahar olmak üzere yılda iki defa ikinci dönem larva yoğunluk piki meydana getirdiği gözlenmektedir.
Bu çalışmada tarla domatesi ekim-dikim zamanını ilkbahar yoğunluk pikine rastlatmamak için özellikle bu pik zamanının saptanması, bunun toprak sıcaklığı ve domates ekim-dikim zamanıyla ilişkilendirilmesi ve sonuçların pratiğe verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Tomato is a very important vegetable for human food. In Turkey, tomato production has increased in recent years and has reached 8,890,000 tons in 2000. However, tomato plants are damaged by root-knot nematodes in some places. Control of these nematodes is not only quite expensive but also low effectiveness except for some cultural measurements. When variation in yearly population of root-knot nematodes are examined, it is observed that population density peak of the second stage larvae are formed twice in a year, one in spring and another in autumn.
In this study it is aimed to determine especially the time of population density peak of Spring in order not to come across planting and transplanting time of field grown tomato with this peak, to make interactions soil temperature and planting and transplanting time with this peak, and to apply the results in practise.
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