Purpose: To better understand maternal influence on the timing of first sex for adolescents.
Methods: Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, Cox proportional hazard ...models were used to assess the association between maternal characteristics and the timing of first sex. Matched dyads of mothers and their adolescent children were used.
Results: Of the 2006 adolescents aged 14 and 15 years who reported to be virgins, 95 males (10.8%) and 162 females (15.8%) indicated they had initiated sex within the follow-up period, 1 year later. For males, few variables beyond the controls used in the models were predictive of timing of first sexual intercourse. For females, mother’s satisfaction with her relationship with her daughter (hazard ratio = .62), mother’s strong disapproval of her daughter having sex (hazard ratio = .56), and frequency of communication with the parents of her daughter’s friends were associated with later sexual debut (hazard ratio = .88).
Conclusion: Based on the variables in the model, mothers’ values and beliefs and relationship satisfaction have more influence on daughters than on sons.
Korean LPGA tour players have given outstanding performances around the world, and the country now has the highest number of leading female golfers. Earlier studies have explored factors for the ...success of Korean players, but only a few studies have examined the detrimental impact of such success regarding the 'outcomes of success.' We analyzed the critical aspects of success among Korean LPGA players as well as the deleterious effects to identify their positive and negative outcomes. This study used a constructivist framework for qualitative research based on ethnographic approach. We utilized semi-structured, open-ended interviews with four former and current LPGA Korean golfers. All the results were deduced by content analysis, categorization and itemization, causal chain analysis. Regarding factors of success, they have only focused on playing golf and cultivating strong mental discipline, due to their parents' overall support. However, there were significant adverse consequences, such as physical and mental burnout and the desire to end their careers. In terms of generational differences, these players have all mentioned the development of systematic player management and better environments to grow as LPGA players.
The article explores the practices and subjective meanings that allocate parenting time and its influence in shaping parental roles, identity and the relationship with the child both among separated ...mothers and fathers, and in divorce law. Drawing on an online survey, results reveal that the law preserves the use of gender to allocate parental time in the regime of residence and contact. In this regime, resident mothers experience the interplay between affective and identity gratification, and parental overload. Instead, nonresident fathers cope with parental deprivation and submission to traditional fathering. In the regime of shared residence, parents are engaged both in equal parenting and in the challenges of adjusting different parenting styles, which are not always accepted by the law.
This study examined the intergenerational transmission of religiosity within Muslim immigrant families who live in the Netherlands, a rather secular society. We studied whether transmission of ...religiosity within immigrant families is influenced by warm family relations on the one hand, and integration into the host country on the other hand. Two analyses were carried out on a nationally representative sample of Turkish and Moroccan first- and second-generation immigrants aged 15–45, in the Netherlands. The findings support the hypotheses to some extent: warm family ties are found to facilitate religious transmission but transmission is stronger when parents have different national backgrounds. A stronger transmission is found within families that are stronger embedded in religious communities; however there are large differences between men and women. Our research shows that the influence of parental religiosity cannot be ignored in the study of immigrants’ religiosity.
Parental wealth – as distinct from income, education and other parental socioeconomic resources – may play a large role in children's socioeconomic outcomes, particularly in developing countries, ...characterized by economic volatility, a weak social safety net and limited access to credit. Using a propensity score matching approach, we examine the influence of parental wealth on adult children's schooling, school quality, occupational status, consumption level, and wealth holdings in Brazil. Findings suggest a substantial effect of parental wealth on all these outcomes, with a positive effect of even modest levels of wealth. The effect of parental wealth on occupational status is largely mediated by parental investment in more and better education for children. In contrast, the effect on children's consumption and wealth is largely unmediated by labor market resources and rewards, a pattern that is more pronounced for sons than for daughters. This suggests direct parental financial assistance. Sensitivity analysis indicates that hidden bias emerging from unobserved confounders should have to be unlikely large to question inference of a causal influence of high levels of parental wealth, although the influence of low levels of wealth may be more susceptible to hidden bias.
The present study explores gender differences in substance use among a juvenile correctional population. Hypotheses derived from general strain theory and differential association/social learning ...theory are evaluated in order to examine the relative importance of family transitions, family dysfunctions, victimization, and peer substance use. The data include information on approximately 5,000 incarcerated juveniles (89 percent males, 11 percent females). Comparisons across gender indicate similarity with respect to alcohol and marijuana, but earlier age of onset and greater current use among females for most other substances. Regression analyses reveal similarity across genders in the preeminence of peer substance use as a predictor, but mixed results with respect to the influence of family factors and victimization. Findings are consistent with the tenets of differential association/social learning theory on the whole, but also indicate potential differences in sources of strain for males and females with respect to age of onset of alcohol/marijuana use.
What allowed eight siblings from a politically disadvantaged rural family to overcome institutional barriers and achieve upward mobility during Maoist China? What then restricted their children's ...chances of upward mobility during the Reform era, when both family background and institutional environment were more favourable? In studying this anomalous case, whose experiences contradicted the well-documented effects of state policies and yet cannot be explained by parental influence, this study examines how adult siblings influenced each other's status attainment processes, an issue largely neglected in the literature. Through comparing the micro-level mobility processes of the two generations in this family, I propose that, in times of rapid social change, sibling influence is more effective in generating status gain than parental influence, because the extensivity of sibling ties allows people to mobilize more relevant and heterogeneous social resources to facilitate social mobility.
For scientific and public health reasons, it is important to identify the role of family influences on child smoking acquisition. Using a well-followed (>
90%) cohort of 3012 children and their ...parents, this study prospectively investigated the influence of smoking by 0 vs. 1 vs. 2 parents when the children were young (3rd grade), on whether the children subsequently became daily smokers. It is the only study to investigate the prediction of child/adolescent smoking at the end of the smoking acquisition period (12th grade) by parental smoking at the start of the period (3rd grade). Logistic regression analyses revealed that having one parent who smokes substantially increases the risk that children will become daily smokers, relative to families where neither parent smokes (OR
=
1.90,
p
<
.01). There is no evidence that the increased risk depends on parent or child gender. These results suggest the need for public health interventions that inform parents of young children that their own smoking behavior increases their children's risk for future smoking.
This study explored the process of identity formation of second-generation Ethiopian and Eritrean youth in Toronto, Canada. Analysis of 20 in-depth interviews presented pathways of acculturation ...whereby first-generation parents parlay their adaptive process onto their children, influencing the self-identity trajectories and repertoires of the children in their formative years. Findings suggest that parental, social, and cultural forces are an inseparable and critical component of the development of identity. Participants’ identity formation in their formative years was one of high-level cultural identity with their parents’ culture of origin.
This study is based on 86 in-depth interviews with second-generation people of Turkish and Moroccan background in the Netherlands who have achieved upward educational mobility. We used an inductive ...approach to analyze their perceptions with respect to received parental educational support and the educational support they provided to the younger generation. House’s (1981) social support typology was applied combined with a body of literature on immigrant aspirations and educational success of children of immigrants. Despite lacking informational support the interviewees value the received parental support, consisting of emotional and instrumental support. Their higher education, familiarity with the Dutch education system, socialization with the dominant culture, and received parental support influence their giving of support, which mainly consists of informational support.
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