For sustainable urbanization, promoting equal value for men and women is indispensable. Although an urban environment provides women greater admittance to education, health and well-being, jobs, ...services, and infrastructure, compared to women living in rural areas, there are still disparities in access and opportunities for women within a city. The study emphasizes adopting a comprehensive and intersectional approach to assess the spatial variation of gender equality, which takes into account the multidimensional nature of gender-driven disparities and the effect of unplanned urbanization by integrating geoinformatics with geostatistics. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to create a composite index of gender parity that covers multiple dimensions of gender parity, i.e., health parity, social parity, economic parity, education parity, and empowerment parity. The use of the local indicator of spatial association statistics has conclusively demonstrated the capability of identifying specific clusters of greater gender parity and outliers. The built-up area has been estimated by remote sensing technique, and the percentage of built-up has been used as the measure of the level of urbanization. The correlation allows the calculation of relationships among different dimensions of gender parity and built-up percentage. It has been found that the built-up strongly influences economic parity followed by health and educational parity. While correlating among the dimensions of gender parity, it has been observed that educational parity has the strongest impact on improving overall gender parity. By identifying spatial locations of poor gender parity and the key determinants of gender parity, policymakers can allocate resources and develop targeted interventions to address the specific needs of those areas. Additionally, incorporating gender parity considerations into urban planning can help ensure that urban development is more inclusive and responsive to the needs of women.
This paper proposed a novel method for constructing quasi‐cyclic low‐density parity‐check (QC‐LDPC) codes of medium to high code rates that can be applied in cloud data storage systems, requiring ...better error correction capabilities. The novelty of this method lies in the construction of sparse base matrices, using a girth greater than 4 that can then be expanded with a lift factor to produce high code rate QC‐LDPC codes. Investigations revealed that the proposed large‐sized QC‐LDPC codes with high code rates displayed low encoding complexities and provided a low bit error rate (BER) of 10−10 at 3.5 dB Eb/N0 than conventional LDPC codes, which showed a BER of 10−7 at 3 dB Eb/N0. Subsequently, implementation of the proposed QC‐LDPC code in a software‐defined radio, using the NI USRP 2920 hardware platform, was conducted. As a result, a BER of 10−6 at 4.2 dB Eb/N0 was achieved. Then, the performance of the proposed codes based on their encoding–decoding speeds and storage overhead was investigated when applied to a cloud data storage (GCP). Our results revealed that the proposed codes required much less time for encoding and decoding (of data files having a 10 MB size) and produced less storage overhead than the conventional LDPC and Reed–Solomon codes.
Parity-violating electron-scattering experiments represent an important focus of the nuclear physics experimental program at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson ...Lab. These experiments pose significant challenges because the scattering asymmetries can be very small, of the order parts-per-million and smaller. To succeed, the properties of the electron beam such as current, position, size and energy, must be very nearly identical in the two electron-polarization spin states (parallel and anti-parallel relative to the direction of beam motion at the scattering target). This paper describes the origins of unwanted helicity-correlated beam asymmetries present on the electron beam and methods to minimize them to acceptable levels.
In this letter, concatenation of parity-check and polar codes is proposed to improve error correction performance. In addition, a heuristic construction of the parity-check-concatenated (PCC) polar ...codes is proposed. Simulation results show that the PCC polar codes with the heuristic construction have evident performance gains over the cyclic redundancy check-concatenated polar codes.
As the solar photovoltaic (PV) matures, the economic feasibility of PV projects is increasingly being evaluated using the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) generation in order to be compared to ...other electricity generation technologies. Unfortunately, there is lack of clarity of reporting assumptions, justifications and degree of completeness in LCOE calculations, which produces widely varying and contradictory results. This paper reviews the methodology of properly calculating the LCOE for solar PV, correcting the misconceptions made in the assumptions found throughout the literature. Then a template is provided for better reporting of LCOE results for PV needed to influence policy mandates or make invest decisions. A numerical example is provided with variable ranges to test sensitivity, allowing for conclusions to be drawn on the most important variables. Grid parity is considered when the LCOE of solar PV is comparable with grid electrical prices of conventional technologies and is the industry target for cost-effectiveness. Given the state of the art in the technology and favourable financing terms it is clear that PV has already obtained grid parity in specific locations and as installed costs continue to decline, grid electricity prices continue to escalate, and industry experience increases, PV will become an increasingly economically advantageous source of electricity over expanding geographical regions.
Introduction
IPV is a public health issue that is often linked to depression. Parity has often been mentioned as a protective factor against depression and suicide attempts. Despite this, parity in ...Latin America may not be related to positive outcomes for victims suffering from IPV as the stress of taking care of the children can result in a burden and worsen the symptoms of depression for the victim.
Objectives
Determine the impact of Parity in victims suffering from IPV and Depression.
Methods
A descriptive observational study was conducted, at the main Gender Violence Prosecutor’s office: Florida, Guayaquil-Ecuador. UCSG pre-medical students collected the information using Beck test for Depression. The total sample was 239: 195 women, 44 men. It was classified by groups, gender, marital status, children and severity of depression.
Results
The data analyzed showed a higher percentage of Depression from IPV when parity is present.
Severe Depression: Women with children 57 (29%), 8 men with children (18%). Women without children 22 (11%), men without children 6 (14%).
Moderate depression: Women with children 28 (14%), 4 men with children (9%). Women without children 5 (3%), men without children 2 (5%).
Mild Depression. Women with children 25 (13%), 7 men with children (16%). Women without children 6 (3%), men without children 2 (5%).
Conclusions
Although some studies report having children as a protective factor in depression, this did not happen in this study. Financial violence is very common, so the mother does not receive any economic support from the father and has to take care of the children on her own. Social and hormonal factors also play a role, especially in women as they have more children. We believe that mental health clinicians should pay more attention to victims of IPV who have several children, especially in Latin America.
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
The exploration of quantum‐inspired symmetries in optical and photonic systems has witnessed immense research interest both fundamentally and technologically in a wide range of subject areas in ...physics and engineering. One of the principal emerging fields in this context is non‐Hermitian physics based on parity‐time symmetry, originally proposed in the studies pertaining to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory and recently ramified into a diverse set of areas, particularly in optics and photonics. The intriguing physical effects enabled by non‐Hermitian physics and PT symmetry have enhanced significant application prospects and engineering of novel materials. In addition, there has been increasing research interest in many emerging directions beyond optics and photonics. Here, the state‐of‐the art developments in the field of complex non‐Hermitian physics based on PT symmetry in various physical settings are brought together, and key concepts, a background, and a detailed perspective on new emerging directions are described. It can be anticipated that this trendy field of interest will be indispensable in providing new perspectives in maneuvering the flow of light in the diverse physical platforms in optics, photonics, condensed matter, optoelectronics, and beyond, and will offer distinctive application prospects in novel functional materials.
As a quantum‐inspired symmetry paradigm in optical and photonic systems, non‐Hermitian physics based on parity‐time symmetry has gained significant research interest in a wide range of subjects, enabling intriguing physical effects and significant application prospects. The state‐of‐the‐art developments in this trendy field in various physical settings are discussed, and key concepts, background, and a detailed perspective on new emerging directions are also provided.
This paper investigates the spillover effects of money market turbulence in 2007–08 on the short-term covered interest parity (CIP) condition between the US dollar and the euro through the foreign ...exchange (FX) swap market. Sharp and persistent deviations from the CIP condition observed during the turmoil are found to be significantly associated with differences in the counterparty risk between European and US financial institutions. Furthermore, evidence is found that US dollar term funding auctions by the ECB, supported by US dollar swap lines with the Federal Reserve, alleviated the level of dislocations, as well as the instability, of the FX swap market.
This work introduces a novel coding paradigm for the unsourced multiple access channel model. The envisioned framework builds on a select few key components. First, the transmission period is ...partitioned into a sequence of sub-blocks, thereby yielding a slotted structure. Second, messages are split into two parts. A portion of the data is encoded using spreading sequences or codewords that are designed to be recovered by a compressed sensing type decoder. In addition to being an integral part of the data, the information bits associated with this first part also determine the parameters of the low-density parity check code employed during the subsequent stages of the communication process. The other portion of the message is encoded using the aforementioned low-density parity check code. The data embedded in this latter stage is decoded using a joint message passing algorithm designed for the T-user binary input real adder channel. Finally, devices repeat their codeword in multiple sub-blocks, with the transmission pattern being a deterministic function of message content independent of the identity of the device. When combined with successive interference cancellation, the ensuing communication infrastructure offers significant performance improvement compared to coding schemes recently published in the literature for unsourced random access.
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