You, The People Chesterman, Simon
2005, 2004-03-18, 20040101
eBook
Transitional administrations represent the most complex operations attempted by the United Nations. The missions in Kosovo (1999—) and East Timor (1999–2002) are commonly seen as unique in the ...history of the United Nations. But they may also be seen as the latest in a series of operations that have involved the United Nations in ‘state‐building’ activities, in which it has attempted to develop the institutions of government by assuming some or all of those sovereign powers on a temporary basis. Viewed in light of earlier UN operations, such as those in Namibia (1989–1990), Cambodia (1992–1993), and Eastern Slavonia (1996–1998), the idea that these exceptional circumstances may not recur is somewhat disingenuous. The need for policy research in this area was brought into sharp focus by the weighty but vague responsibilities assigned to the United Nations in Afghanistan (2002—) and its contested role in Iraq (2003—).This book seeks to fill that gap. Aimed at policy‐makers, diplomats, and a wide academic audience (including international relations, political science, international law, war studies, and development studies), the book provides a concise history of transitional administration and a treatment of the five key issues confronting such operations: peace and security, the role of the United Nations as government, establishing the rule of law, economic reconstruction, and exit strategies. Research for the book has been conducted through extensive field research and interviews with key UN staff and local representatives in almost all of the territories under consideration. The unifying theme is that, while the ends of transitional administration may be idealistic, the means cannot be.
Jasmine-Kim Westendorf's discomforting book investigates sexual misconduct by military peacekeepers and abuses perpetrated by civilian peacekeepers and non- UN civilian interveners. Based on ...extensive field research in Bosnia, Timor- Leste, and with the UN and humanitarian communities, Violating Peace uncovers a brutal truth about peacebuilding as Westendorf investigates how such behaviors affect the capacity of the international community to achieve its goals related to stability and peacebuilding, and its legitimacy in the eyes of local and global populations. As Violating Peace shows, when interveners perpetrate sexual exploitation and abuse, they undermine the operational capacity of the international community to effectively build peace after civil wars and to alleviate human suffering in crises. Furthermore, sexual misconduct by interveners poses a significant risk to the perceived legitimacy of the multilateral peacekeeping project, and the UN more generally, with ramifications for the nature and dynamics of UN in future peace operations. Westendorf illustrates how sexual exploitation and abuse relates to other challenges facing UN peacekeeping, and shows how such misconduct is deeply linked to the broader cultures and structures within which peacekeepers work, and which shape their perceptions of and interactions with local communities. Effectively preventing such behaviors is crucial to global peace, order, and justice. Violating Peace thus identifies how policies might be improved in the future, based on an account of why they have failed to date.
Does United Nations peacekeeping protect civilians in civil war? Civilian protection is a primary purpose of UN peacekeeping, yet there is little systematic evidence for whether peacekeeping prevents ...civilian deaths. We propose that UN peacekeeping can protect civilians if missions are adequately composed of military troops and police in large numbers. Using unique monthly data on the number and type of UN personnel contributed to peacekeeping operations, along with monthly data on civilian deaths from 1991 to 2008 in armed conflicts in Africa, we find that as the UN commits more military and police forces to a peacekeeping mission, fewer civilians are targeted with violence. The effect is substantial—the analyses show that, on average, deploying several thousand troops and several hundred police dramatically reduces civilian killings. We conclude that although the UN is often criticized for its failures, UN peacekeeping is an effective mechanism of civilian protection.
The Editors would like to thank the following people for their invaluable help and advice in the review of manuscripts between 1 August 2020 and 31 July 2021. If a reviewer helped with more than one ...manuscript, the number is indicated in parentheses. Abernethy, K., Stirling, UK Adams, T., Kasane, Botswana Adhikari, A., Kathmandu, Nepal Alempijevic, D., Boca Raton, USA Altrichter, M., Prescott, USA Andreone, F., Turin, Italy Appleton, M., Thetford, UK Arinaitwe, J., Nairobi, Kenya Aust, P., Johannesburg, South Africa Azat, C., Santiago, Chile Balint, L., Cambridge, UK Bauer, H., Tubney, UK Becker, H., Cambridge, UK Belhekar, V., Mumbai, India Bergl, R., Asheboro, USA Beton, D., Kyrenia, Cyprus Bingham, H., Cambridge, UK Bista, D., Kathmandu, Nepal Black, S., Canterbury, UK Blades, B., Oxford, UK Blake, J., Gainesville, USA Bonebrake, T., Hong Kong, China Borchers, D., St Andrews, UK Botton, M., New York City, USA Bowden, C., Sandy, UK Brack, I., Porto Alegre, Brazil Breuer, T., Berlin, Germany Brockelman, W.Y., Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Brockington, D., Sheffield, UK Brodie, J., Missoula, USA Byers, B., Falls Church, USA Caitano, H., Vitoria, Brazil Carignano Torres, P., São Paulo, Brazil Carter, N., Boise, USA Carvalho, V., Caucaia, Brazil Casella, L., Rome, Italy Ceballos, G., Mexico City, Mexico Chan, A., Fort Collins, USA Cheyne, S., Palangka Raya, Indonesia Chiarello, A., Belo Horizonte, Brazil Choudhary, S., Noida, India Cisneros-Montemayor, A., Vancouver, Canada Crema, L., Manaus, Brazil Cresswell, W., St Andrews, UK Davenport, T., Stone Town, Tanzania de Jong, Y.A., Nanyuki, Kenya Denninger Snyder, K., Fort Collins, USA Detwiler, K., Boca Raton, USA Diniz, M., Goiânia, Brazil Domínguez Tejo, H., Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Donald, P., Cambridge, UK dos Santos, J., Maceió, Brazil Duckworth, W., Geneva, Switzerland (2) Dudley, N., Bristol, UK Dunn, M., London, UK Ehmke, G., Carlton, Australia Elliott, L., Gland, Switzerland Espinosa de los Monteros, A., Xalapa, Mexico Ferraz, K., Piracicaba, Brazil Fisher, B., Burlington, USA Fisher, R., San Diego, USA Fjeldså, J., Copenhagen, Denmark Formia, A., Libreville, Gabon Fruth, B., Liverpool, UK Fuller, T., Amherst, USA Gardner, M.F., Edinburgh, UK Garnett, S., Darwin, Australia (2) Geary, M., Chester, UK Ghanbari, S., Tabriz, Iran Gilbert, G., Glasgow, UK Gill, D., Cambridge, UK Gluszek, S., Cambridge, UK Goossens, B., Cardiff, UK Green, R., Cambridge, UK Groom, M., Bothell, USA Harihar, A., Uttaranchal, India Hart, J., Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo Havmøller, R., Copenhagen, Denmark Hays, G., Warrnambool, Australia Hearn, A., Tubney, UK Heymann, E.W., Göttingen, Germany Hoare, R., Arusha, Tanzania Hoffmann, P., Campo Largo, Brazil Holmes, G., Leeds, UK Home, C., Jakkur, India Hübschle, A., Cape Town, South Africa Hunter, L., New York City, USA Ibbett, H., Bangor, UK Jeanson, A., Ottawa, Canada Jiang, X., Kunming, China Jiang, Z., Beijing, China Johnson, A., Vientiane, Laos Jones, Martin, Manchester, UK Jones, Megan, Boulder, USA Kacoliris, F., La Plata, Argentina Kamel, M., Qena, Egypt Karamanlidis, A.A., Thessaloniki, Greece Khara, A., Mysore, India King, T., Port Lympne, UK Koju, N.P., Bhaktapur, Nepal Kraus, F., Ann Arbor, USA Kretser, H., Saranac Lake, USA Kujirakwinja, D., New York City, USA Lamichhane, B.R., Sauraha, Nepal Le Bel, S., Paris, France Lemessa, D., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Lennon, O., Wellington, New Zealand Letro, L., Thimphu, Bhutan Link, A., Bogotá, Colombia Lloyd, H., Manchester, UK Lowry, P., Paris, France Loy, A., Pesche, Italy Luiselli, L., Rome, Italy Lunt, N., Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Mallon, D., Glossop, UK Martin, A., Dundee, UK Melo, F., Viçosa, Brazil Mickleburgh, S., London, UK Missoup, A.D., Douala, Cameroon Mistry, J., Egham, UK Moore, J., Houston, USA Moraes, B., Recife, Brazil Morcatty, T., Oxford, UK Moreto, W., Orlando, USA (2) Mugerwa, B., Berlin, Germany (2) Muñoz Brenez, C., Arlington, USA Mwangi, K., Cambridge, UK Nayeri, D., Arcata, USA Newing, H., Oxford, UK Ngoprasert, D., Bangkok, Thailand Noss, A., Gainesville, USA Nowak, K., Phuthaditjaba, South Africa Olson, E., Ashland, USA Omeyer, L., Exeter, UK Ortega-Argueta, A., Villahermosa, Mexico Ostrowski, S., New York City, USA (2) Otieno, M., Nairobi, Kenya Owen, N., London, UK Pardo, M., La Paz, Mexico (2) Parks, D., London, UK Patricio, A.R., Coimbra, Portugal Pierce, S., Inhambane, Mozambique Pietersen, D., Pretoria, South Africa Portugal, M., Belo Horizonte, Brazil Pretis, F., Victoria, Canada Pritchard, R., Manchester, UK Rahman, D., Bogor, Indonesia Rao, M., Singapore, Singapore Richmond, J., San Diego, USA (2) Riordan, P., Winchester, UK (2) Rojas-Marchini, F., Vancouver, Canada (2) Roshier, D., Adelaide, Australia Round, P., Bangkok, Thailand Rylands, A., Arlington, USA Samelius, G., Seattle, USA Sánchez, L., Caracas, Venezuela Sanderson, E.W., New York City, USA Savini, T., Bangkok, Thailand (2) Schneider, H., Cambridge, UK Scholte, P., Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire Seddon, P., Dunedin, New Zealand (2) Shaffer, B., Los Angeles, USA Shaney, K., Mexico City, Mexico Sharma, H., Kirtipur, Nepal Shi, K., Beijing, China Shwe, N.M., Yangon, Myanmar Slaght, J., Vladivostok, Russian Federation Smith, P., Richmond, UK (2) Sonter, L., Burlington, USA Souter, N., Arlington, USA Spira, C., Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo Steinmetz, R., Bangkok, Thailand Stokes, E., New York City, USA Storch, I., Freiburg, Germany Struebig, M., Canterbury, UK Sung, Y.-H., Hong Kong, China Tallis, H., Berkeley, USA Thevenin, C., Paris, France Tiongson, A.J., Dumaguete City, Philippines Tobe, S., Murdoch, Australia Turvey, S., London, UK Valvede, A., San Jose, Costa Rica Vermeer, J., Moyobamba, Peru Wei, F., Beijing, China Weller, S., Irvine, USA (2) Whitmore, N., Goroka, Papua New Guinea Wilkie, D.S., Waltham, USA Wilson, S., Chester, UK Woinarski, J., Darwin, Australia Wurz, A., Goettingen, Germany Xu, Q., La Jolla, USA Yang, B., Chengdu, China Zapata-Rios, G., Quito, Ecuador Zhang, M., Menglun, China Zöckler, C., Cambridge, UK
This new book addresses the key question of how NATO and three of its member states are configuring their policies and military doctrines in order to handle the new strategic environment.
This ...environment is increasingly dominated by 'new wars', more precisely civil wars within states, and peacekeeping as the strategy devised by outside actors for dealing with them. The book seeks to explain how this new strategic environment has been interpreted and how the new conflicts and peacekeeping have been fitted into 'defence' and 'war' - key concepts in the field of security studies.
This volume of the Official History of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post-Cold War Operations is the first comprehensive study of Australia's role in the peacekeeping and peace ...enforcement operations that developed at the end of the Cold War. It recounts vital missions including Namibia (1989–90), Iran (1988–90) and Pakistan/Afghanistan (1989–93), and focuses primarily on Australia's reaction to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, including its maritime interception operations, and its controversial participation in the 1991 Gulf War. With exclusive access to Australian Government records and through extensive interviews, David Horner explains the high-level political background to these activities and analyses the conduct of the missions. He brings to life the little-known, yet remarkable stories of many individuals who took part. This is an authoritative and compelling history of how members of the Australian Defence Force engaged with the world at a crucial time in international affairs.
2018. június 13-án az Európai Bizottság javaslatot tett az Európai Védelmi Alap (angol rövidítéssel: EDF) létrehozására, amely kerettervezetet az európai védelmi cselekvési terv (European Defence ...Action Plan, EDAP) részeként jelentettek be. A javaslattétel hátterében a tagállamok védelmi kiadásainak 2015. évi rekord alacsony szintje (a GDP 1,4%-ára csökkentek), valamint az egy évtizede tartó, évi 2 milliárd euróra becsült védelmi célú tagállami ráfordítások elmaradásának felismerése állt, annak tükrében, hogy mindeközben az Egyesült Államok, Kína és Oroszország ambiciózusan tovább fejlesztették védelmi képességeiket. 2017 júniusában elfogadták az EDF létrehozásának javaslatát,5 ezzel pedig előzmények nélküli, új programként megjelent a 2021–2027-es évekre szóló hosszú távú uniós költségvetésben. Az Európai Unió többéves pénzügyi keretére (angol rövidítéssel: MFF)6 tett végleges döntés elfogadásáig a tárgyalási javaslatok alapján arra lehet következtetni, hogy 13 milliárd EUR költségvetési és további 10,5 milliárd EUR költségvetésen kívüli7 kerettel fogják az új programot meghirdetni. Magyarország számára ez hozzávetőlegesen évi 123 millió EUR képességfejlesztésre8 és ezenfelül további kutatási célokra elnyerhető9 uniós forráshoz jutást jelent, amelyet haderő-korszerűsítésre, közvetve pedig hazánk geopolitikai helyzetének megerősítésére tud felhasználni.
While United Nations peacekeeping missions were created to keep peace and perform post-conflict activities, since the end of the Cold War peacekeepers are more often deployed to active conflicts. ...Yet, we know little about their ability to manage ongoing violence. This article provides the first broad empirical examination of UN peacekeeping effectiveness in reducing battlefield violence in civil wars. We analyze how the number of UN peacekeeping personnel deployed influences the amount of battlefield deaths in all civil wars in Africa from 1992 to 2011. The analyses show that increasing numbers of armed military troops are associated with reduced battlefield deaths, while police and observers are not. Considering that the UN is often criticized for ineffectiveness, these results have important implications: if appropriately composed, UN peacekeeping missions reduce violent conflict.
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