This article makes the case for a project in the making: a study of the social transformation of the countryside as it joins the global market over the long nineteenth century, told as a collective ...biography of the mule drivers of Ottoman Lebanon - those obscure peasants who, owning one or a few mules, made their livelihood in the transport of goods and persons rather than work the land. Over the first half of the century, these actors mobilized for revolts while a village-based economy turned to cash-crop agriculture and the central government built a new state apparatus that would insure its survival within global capitalism, rendering the peasants' situation ever more precarious. From the 1860s to the First World War, as local resources were diverted to feed European industry and local petty-trade networks came undone, when elites at all levels struggled to assert their control over labor and resources, these same muleteers turned into social bandits - smugglers who defended the peasant against the state's taxation and the capitalists' extraction. Some of them accumulated wealth and ultimately integrated an emerging middle class. The projected account makes two historiographical interventions. (a) Within the history of the modern Middle East, it argues that the region's confessional tensions are tied to developments that are characteristic of capitalism over the period - namely, the rise of a new kind of state and the loss of control over resources by local actors at the margins. This approach pushes against purely culturalist explanations, attempting to wed culturalist and materialist stances. (b) Conversely, by drawing parallels with other mounted rural bandits in the Anatolian and Romanian hinterlands of the Ottoman Empire, as well as with the gauchos in Latin America, ox-cart drivers in India, and rickshaw pullers in China, this local history speaks to a global history of capitalism. Reducing the scale of analysis to reveal the subjectivity of local actors, and linking the cultural norms that shape agency to objective structural transformation that can be compared across contexts, this project challenges histories of capitalism that ignore the countryside or the global South and thereby produce a sanitized account characterized by secular politics and a liberal culture.
The paper surveys the literature of the Gottschee Germans, former inhabitants of the Gottschee region in Slovenia. It begins by summarizing the history and literary works of the Gottschee Germans, ...and secondly it deals with the historical novel Rebellion in der Gottschee by Karl Rom. The novel was published in 1938 in German. It focuses on the great peasant revolt in Slovenia (Carniola) that took place in 1515. The revolt was organized by the inhabitants of the Gottschee area against the violent landlord and was soon suppressed. Based on image studies (imagology), the paper analyses the portrayal of the Slovenes and Gottschee Germans and discusses how Slavs (Slovenes) and Germans (Gottschee Germans) are represented in the novel.
The aim of the paper is to analyze the monument to the Peasant Revolt and Matija Gubec in Gornja Stubica as materialised memory of the past constructed in relation to present-day circumstances. The ...monument is approached through the prism of people who use it and bring it to life in diverse ways, with the emphasis on their cultural practices and performances in the memorial space. Out of a number of potential approaches to the Monument, the authors focus on its two faces, related to two historical moments, but also two different modes of memory. One is connected with the construction of the monument and its commemorative and anniversary usages in socialism. The other is created in the 21st century, when images of the past also become embodied in living history performances.
The aim of the paper is to analyze the monument to the Peasant Revolt and Matija Gubec in Gornja Stubica as materialised memory of the past constructed in relation to present-day circumstances. The ...monument is approached through the prism of people who use it and bring it to life in diverse ways, with the emphasis on their cultural practices and performances in the memorial space. Out of a number of potential approaches to the Monument, the authors focus on its two faces, related to two historical moments, but also two different modes of memory. One is connected with the construction of the monument and its commemorative and anniversary usages in socialism. The other is created in the 21st century, when images of the past also become embodied in living history performances.
Fire is a fundamental tool within a broad spectrum of vegetation-management strategies, from swidden agriculture to plantation forestry. Through the seemingly pyromanic activity of incendiarism, fire ...assumes additional significance in the human-environment relationship. Case studies from England, Algeria, and the southern United States serve to illustrate the circumstance of fire as an indication of agrarian discontent and a weapon of peasant resistance. Other documented cases of incendiarism reveal that use of fire in the landscape has expanded from a constructive ecosystem-manipulation technique to a destructive form of protest undertaken by the oppressed or disempowered.
Sammendrag Det norske sjølstendighetstapet i 1536/37 innebar at danske adelsmenn kom til å dominere norske forvaltningsposter og embeter i enda større grad enn i tida før. Videre forsvant det norske ...riksrådet, og innføringen av den lutherske kirkeordningen innebar at kirka fikk godset sitt overdratt til kongen. Kongens menn i Norge manglet ofte kunnskap om og erfaring med norske bønder, avstander, terreng og andre forhold. Dette resulterte dermed i ei rekke større og mindre kulturmøter mellom den utenlandske øvrigheten og den norske allmuen. I denne artikkelen argumenterer jeg for at telemarksopprøret i 1540 er ett slikt kulturmøte. Med vekt på den kulturelle avstanden mellom norske bønder, tyske bergmenn, danske lensherrer og kongen sjøl, søker jeg én av hovedforklaringene på opprøret i den danske kongens fremmedgjorte forhold til det norske riket. Kristian 3.s manglende erfaring med norske forhold gjorde at han hadde dårlige forutsetninger for å håndtere den raskt økende spenningen som oppstod etter bergverksinitiativene hans i Telemark, til tross for at han fikk løpende advarsler fra hovedlensherren på Akershus. Dette må sees i lys av at kongen og telemarksbøndene soknet til hver sin kultursfære, og at disse bare i liten grad overlappet hverandre.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Paginarea: 196-197- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 ...Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Presents an analysis of the three periods of active interest in the German Peasant Revolt of 1524-26. Interpretive issues in the writings from the periods immediately surrounding the event, the late ...nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and after 1960 are considered. (AM)
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- sisällön kuvaus: Talonpoikaismarssin osallistujat saapuvat Helsinkiin 7.7.1930. Lapuanliikkeen johtajaa kannetaan Pallokentällä.- ...sisällön kuvaus: The participants of the Peasant march arrive at Helsinki 7.7.1930. The leader of the Lapua movement is carried on the Ball field.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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