Aim: To evaluate the level of knowledge of vaginismus in its psychological and sexual causes, the use of medical hypnosis as a therapeutic support, and to create an ad hoc hypnotic model for its ...treatment trough a grid comprising all dimensions used in the various researches considered in the literature. Methods: The review was performed by consulting the electronic Medline database (PubMed), DSM IV-TR and 5, Benini’s biopsychosocial relational theories, and extracts abstracts data from various medical and sexology publications. Results: The vaginismic woman seems to present a psychobiological vulnerability, mainly triggered by hyperactivity of the emotional sphere and by a muscular hypertonus of the pelvic floor that influences the sexual sphere. The data support the idea of a general defensive reaction as a mechanism of involuntary muscular activity of the pelvic floor and a close connection between vaginismus, pelvic contraction, emotional motor system and biological anguishes of the reptilian mind. Conclusions: Further to the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary-approach in the treatment of vaginismus, hypnosis seems to have an impact in shortening therapy time, in pain management and anxiety reduction. According to Benini’s approach, the cause of vaginismus is not identified in the fear of penetration but rather in the anguish of the reptilian mind.
To define a male and female pelvic normal tissue contouring atlas for Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trials.
One male pelvis computed tomography (CT) data set and one female pelvis CT data ...set were shared via the Image-Guided Therapy QA Center. A total of 16 radiation oncologists participated. The following organs at risk were contoured in both CT sets: anus, anorectum, rectum (gastrointestinal and genitourinary definitions), bowel NOS (not otherwise specified), small bowel, large bowel, and proximal femurs. The following were contoured in the male set only: bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, and penile bulb. The following were contoured in the female set only: uterus, cervix, and ovaries. A computer program used the binomial distribution to generate 95% group consensus contours. These contours and definitions were then reviewed by the group and modified.
The panel achieved consensus definitions for pelvic normal tissue contouring in RTOG trials with these standardized names: Rectum, AnoRectum, SmallBowel, Colon, BowelBag, Bladder, UteroCervix, Adnexa_R, Adnexa_L, Prostate, SeminalVesc, PenileBulb, Femur_R, and Femur_L. Two additional normal structures whose purpose is to serve as targets in anal and rectal cancer were defined: AnoRectumSig and Mesorectum. Detailed target volume contouring guidelines and images are discussed.
Consensus guidelines for pelvic normal tissue contouring were reached and are available as a CT image atlas on the RTOG Web site. This will allow uniformity in defining normal tissues for clinical trials delivering pelvic radiation and will facilitate future normal tissue complication research.
Embryonic tissue samples reveal how pelvis shape—primed for bipedalism—comes to life
Embryonic tissue samples reveal how pelvis shape—primed for bipedalism—comes to life
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