Impact investing Barber, Brad M.; Morse, Adair; Yasuda, Ayako
Journal of financial economics,
January 2021, 2021-01-00, 20210101, Letnik:
139, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We show that investors derive nonpecuniary utility from investing in dual-objective Venture Capital (VC) funds, thus sacrificing returns. Impact funds earn 4.7 percentage points (ppts) lower internal ...rates of return (IRRs) ex-post than traditional VC funds. In random utility/willingness-to-pay (WTP) models investors accept 2.5–3.7 ppts lower IRRs ex ante for impact funds. The positive WTP result is robust to fund access rationing and investor heterogeneity in fund expected returns. Development organizations, foundations, financial institutions, public pensions, Europeans, and United Nations Principles of Responsible Investment signatories have high WTP. Investors with mission objectives and/or facing political pressure exhibit high WTP; those subject to legal restrictions (e.g., Employee Retirement Income Security Act) exhibit low WTP.
In this paper, we use standard scenarios focussing on renewable energy, energy efficiency and grid investments. We take stock of the literature and quantitative data on available sources of financing ...for clean energy to qualitatively match supply and demand of specific sources of finance in the European context. Our analysis shows that under the current investment mandates and lending criteria the required funds for a successful energy transition are available. In fact, the current landscape of financing sources can provide between two and six times what is necessary. However, institutional investors and lenders such as pension funds and banks in particular are reluctant to invest in the renewable energy or grid infrastructure because of expected (policy) discontinuities. In addition, more venture capital and household investment are needed to finance low-risk small-ticket projects in the early stages of innovative clean energy technologies, to complement the abundantly available funds for large-scale investments. Based on our analysis, we develop a matrix indicating the role and availability of different sources of finance and new intermediation channels in the energy transition and how these should be deployed.
•This study contrasts the demand for and (potential) supply of financial resources for the European energy transition.•It identifies a qualitative mismatch between the available sources and the required investments up to 2050.•The involvement of institutional investors and risk-carrying capital is particularly limited.•A matrix indicating role and availability of different sources provides a guide to the involvement of financiers.•Tailor-made policies and practical implications are developed for each source of funding.
Son yirmi otuz yıl içerisinde artan yaşlı nüfus ve yükselen refah beklentileri ülkelerin sosyal güvenlik sistemlerinin finansal sürdürülebilirliğini risk altına sokmuştur. Bu riskten korunmak için ...bireysel emeklilik sitemleri genel kabul gören bir çözüm yolu olarak ortaya çıkmış ve birçok ülke tarafından benimsenmiştir. Günümüze kadar geçen süre içerisinde bireysel emeklilik sistemleri, devasa fonların birikmesi sonucunda alternatif bir emeklilik imkânı sunmanın ötesine geçerek kurumsal yatırımcı kimliği kazanmıştır. Bu açıdan ekonomik bir unsur olarak değerlendirilen özel emeklilik fonları sermaye piyasalarının derinleşmesine çok önemli katkılarda bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’de, idari yapılanma tarafından çeşitli yöntemlerle teşvik edilen Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemi ile toplanan katkı payları, emeklilik fonları aracılığı ile yatırıma yönlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu katkı paylarının finansal piyasalara olan etkisi kurulan regresyon modelleri ile test edilmiştir. Ulaşılan bulgulara göre, pay piyasalarında anlamlı bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilememiştir. Borç piyasalarında ise toplanan katkı payları ile gösterge faiz arasında negatif katsayılı(ters yönlü) anlamlı bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Bu duruma, fonların varlık dağılımlarında borçlanma araçlarına ayrılan payın diğer yatırım araçlarına nazaran yüksek olmasının neden olduğu düşünülmektedir.
This paper explores the determinants and implications of the growing allocation of insurance companies and pension funds to emerging markets. The key contention put forward is that liabilities are at ...the core of the portfolio choice of insurance companies and pension funds, and that this has important consequences for the stability of asset demand. The paper supports this contention with a theoretical framework based on Hyman Minsky and the results from 22 semi-structured interviews with European insurance companies and pension funds’ executives, investment consultants, and asset managers. It shows that the rising insurance companies and pension funds’ demand for emerging markets’ assets has to be analysed in the context of the pressures resulting from structural funding deficits and low yields. Emerging markets’ assets are sought as part of the sector’s strategy to increase returns and, given their subordinate integration into a spatially uneven international monetary and financial system, remain not suited to directly meet insurance companies and pension funds’ liabilities. This causes insurance companies and pension funds’ demand for these assets to be volatile and independent of conditions in these countries, reproducing emerging markets’ monetary and financial subordination. By stressing the structural financial (in)stability implications insurance companies and pension funds’ liabilities have for emerging markets’ asset demand, the paper contributes to the literature on insurance companies and pension funds’ investments in emerging markets and bridges the gap between those which have noted the importance of liability conditions for insurance companies and pension funds and the literature pointing to the destabilising impact of insurance companies and pension funds due to behavioural and agency issues. Moreover, by basing itself on a Minskyan theoretical framework, it responds to recent calls for a more systematic incorporation of heterodox economic thought into financial geography.
On the Rise of FinTechs Berg, Tobias; Burg, Valentin; Gombović, Ana ...
The Review of financial studies,
07/2020, Letnik:
33, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We analyze the information content of a digital footprint—that is, information that users leave online simply by accessing or registering on a Web site—for predicting consumer default. We show that ...even simple, easily accessible variables from a digital footprint match the information content of credit bureau scores. A digital footprint complements rather than substitutes for credit bureau information and affects access to credit and reduces default rates. We discuss the implications for financial intermediaries’ business models, access to credit for the unbanked, and the behavior of consumers, firms, and regulators in the digital sphere.
La presente investigación examina una propuesta de reforma al sistema de pensiones en Cuba mediante la creación de un esquema contributivo mixto. Dentro de los factores que hacen necesaria la ...búsqueda de alternativas al sistema de reparto actual se encuentran dilemas asociados a la sostenibilidad y suficiencia. Para recomendar posibles soluciones a estas debilidades se estudian lecciones de política extraídas de experiencias latinoamericanas en presencia del régimen de capitalización individual y administración de fondos. Por último, se sugiere modificar ciertos elementos institucionales asociados a la determinación y asignación de los beneficios, el régimen de financiamiento y la administración.
According to our survey about climate risk perceptions, institutional investors believe climate risks have financial implications for their portfolio firms and that these risks, particularly ...regulatory risks, already have begun to materialize. Many of the investors, especially the long-term, larger, and ESG-oriented ones, consider risk management and engagement, rather than divestment, to be the better approach for addressing climate risks. Although surveyed investors believe that some equity valuations do not fully reflect climate risks, their perceived overvaluations are not large.
Examining a shock to the salience of the sustainability of the U.S. mutual fund market, we present causal evidence that investors marketwide value sustainability: being categorized as low ...sustainability resulted in net outflows of more than $12 billion while being categorized as high sustainability led to net inflows of more than $24 billion. Experimental evidence suggests that sustainability is viewed as positively predicting future performance, but we do not find evidence that high-sustainability funds outperform low-sustainability funds. The evidence is consistent with positive affect influencing expectations of sustainable fund performance and nonpecuniary motives influencing investment decisions.
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