Despite widespread economic growth and increasing quality of life in the last century, there are concerns that human activities have had a significant negative impact on the environment and these ...effects have reduced the power and sustainability of socio-economic systems. This study aimed to investigate the role of social norms, personal norms, and perceived behavioral control on pro-environmental behavior among farmers producing organic products (green poultry) based on the theory of planned behavior. The research was a quantitative, causal-relational, and descriptive-correlational study that was conducted through a survey. The research population included farmers participating in the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in Hamedan province, Iran who were trained for green rural businesses. The sample was composed of 420 farmers taken by the multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The results showed that personal norms, social norms, and perceived behavioral control had a significant effect on the pro-environmental behaviors of the farmers. Also, social norms had the greatest impact on the farmers’ pro-environmental behaviors. It also influenced their behavior through perceived behavioral control indirectly. Some religious doctrines, public media, and educational activities can be effective in modifying the attitude and promoting people’s awareness and perception of the environment. It can be concluded that farmers’ pro-environmental behavior can be associated with their dependence on the rural community and the tendency towards behaviors that are consistent with other farmers. The research can provide practical and theoretical implications to assist researchers, policymakers, planners, green business owners, and other business owners.
Control Preference Persists With Age Chantland, Eric C. M.; Wang, Kainan S.; Delgado, Mauricio R. ...
Psychology and aging,
11/2022, Letnik:
37, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The opportunity to exert control in one's environment is desirable, and individuals are willing to seek out control, even at a financial cost. Additionally, control-related activation of reward ...regions in the brain and the positive affect associated with the opportunity to exert control suggest that control is rewarding. The present study explores whether there are age-related differences in the preference for control. Older and younger adults chose whether to maintain control and play a guessing game themselves or to cede this control to the computer. Maintaining and ceding control were associated with different amounts of monetary reward that could be banked upon a successful guess. This required participants to weigh the value associated with control compared to monetary rewards. We found that older adults preferred control and traded monetary reward for control, similar to younger adults. The results suggest that the preference for exerting control may be preserved across age.
Public Significance Statement
Humans value being in control of their lives, but it is unclear how aging might influence this preference for control. We found that older and younger adults did not differ in their preference for control, indicating that it is relatively unaffected by healthy aging.
Background
Emphasis on parental engagement strategies within occupational therapy and physiotherapy early intervention (EI) programmes for infants at high risk of cerebral palsy (CP) has increased. ...This reflects consensus that increasing parent participation enhances treatment efficacy, potentially improving infant and parent outcomes. However, evaluation of parental engagement in EI is complex. Despite the growing application of parental engagement strategies, aligned with family‐centred care practice, theoretical evaluation is currently lacking within the literature. This realist synthesis aimed to identify component theories underlying EI strategies to support parental engagement and to use empirical findings to evaluate how these work in practice.
Methods
Realist synthesis: Databases Medline, Embase, Amed, CINAHL and PsychInfo were searched (from February 1985 ‐ February 2020); further articles were sourced from reference lists. A data extraction form was used, and a Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used to assess study rigour.
Results
Twenty‐six articles were included. Quality of relationships, parent education and intervention co‐design were the key themes related to parental engagement strategies. Findings indicate that constructive parent reasoning mechanisms of trust, belief, sense of control, perceived feasibility of home programme delivery and ultimately motivation are linked to the underlying intervention resources afforded by specific strategies (e.g., coaching pedagogy). These responses are precursors to engagement outcomes that include increased parental self‐efficacy and adherence. Importantly, parental self‐efficacy can initiate a process of change leading to improved parental confidence and anxiety.
Conclusions
Sensitively designed programme strategies, centred on relational quality between parent, infant and therapist, are fundamental for effective parent connection, involvement and investment within EI for infants with CP.
•Sport imagery interventions would benefit from more standardized reporting methods.•TIDieR is a 12-point checklist to guide planning, implementation, and evaluation.•The rationale, aims, and logic ...model for the PACING intervention is described.•The protocol for a feasibility study of PACING is described.•Implications of using TIDieR for researchers, editors, reviewers, and readers, and applied practitioners are discussed.
Imagery is a popular technique for enhancing learning, performance, and rehabilitation in sport, but mixed evidence exists to its effectiveness. There have been wide variations in the methods used to deliver imagery interventions and the level of detail reported, making it difficult to draw comparisons across studies. Moreover, there have been few efforts to date to replicate the findings of previous intervention studies. The aim of this paper is to articulate the need for standardized reporting of imagery interventions, which can be achieved through application of the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR; Hoffmann et al., 2014). The TIDieR is a 12-item checklist to provide fuller, more accurate and standardized reporting so that these future imagery interventions can be more effectively delivered in practice or replicated in research. We use the TIDieR to describe a personalized guided imagery intervention for improving student-athletes’ regulatory responses to competitive anxiety. Overall, this paper offers practical and evidence-based guidance for researchers designing imagery interventions and recommendations to enable journal editors and reviewers to make easier judgements about rigor. It may also serve as a pedagogical resource for students and trainee sport psychologists undertaking applied research as part of their training.
Few have examined mechanisms explaining the link between perceived neighborhood unsafety, neighborhood social processes, and depressive symptoms for Black adolescents. The goal of this study was to ...examine the role of perceived control as a mechanism linking perceptions of neighborhood unsafety and depressive symptoms, and neighborhood cohesion as a protective factor. Participants were 412 Black adolescents living in a major Mid-Atlantic urban center in the United States (49% female,
M
age
= 15.80,
SD
= 0.36). Participants reported perceptions of neighborhood unsafety at grade 10, neighborhood cohesion at grade 10, perceived control at grades 10 and 11 and depressive symptoms in grades 10 and 12. High neighborhood unsafety was associated with low perceived control and in turn high depressive symptoms only when neighborhood cohesion was high. The results highlight the role of neighborhood unsafety and perceived control in the development of depressive symptom and the possible downsides of neighborhood social factors.
The experience of agency refers to the phenomenal experience of being the causal source of one's own actions, and through them, the course of events in the outside world. This experience is crucial ...for the production of adaptive actions, and for the adequate communication of felt action control to peers. The present study examines the possibility that, on certain occasions and under specific internal and external constraints, people rely on explicit social information provided by their peers to revise their self-reports of perceived control, i.e., their judgment of agency. To test this hypothesis, we adapted a task based on an interactive computer game. We manipulated well-known sensorimotor agency cues related to action control, as well as social information communicated to participants by two advisors. We measured the contribution of social and non-social sources of information to agency judgments. We found that at the single-trial level, participants align their JoA with advisor feedback based on their own performance during the task, the type of feedback provided by advisors, and the interaction of this social feedback with the sensorimotor agency cues. At the same time, JoA alignment in previous trial also predicted participants' tendency to revise their JoA after social feedback. Overall, these results demonstrate that agency judgment is subject to social influence. This influence is the result of the integration of social and non-social information at the scale of a single judgment, while also being driven by repeated past interactions with peers.
The role of socio‐psychological factors on farmers' institutional credit adoption intention is rarely studied in the context of developing nations. This study estimates the direct and mediating ...association of various socio‐psychological factors with farmers' institutional credit adoption intention. An extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) was adopted and empirically tested using the cross‐sectional data from 384 farmers from West Bengal. The study used structural equation model for the mediation analysis. Results showed that primary TPB constructs like attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were positively and significantly associated with the intention of institutional credit adoption. Besides direct effect, the primary TPB constructs mediated the relationship between institutional credit adoption intention and other explanatory constructs used in this study. Findings predicted a positive partial mediation between trusted information sources, formal education level, coping appraisal, risk perception, and farmers' formal credit borrowing intention. Risk perception displayed a direct and mediated, however, negative, association with farmers' institutional credit adoption intention. These findings provide a clear understanding of factors predicting farmers' intention to adopt institutional credit and comprehensive insight into establishing policies for effective institutional lending at the ground level. The study delivers a paramount scientific perspective to the policymaker of developing countries suffering from insufficient institutional credit penetration in the farming community to design practicable frameworks and incentivize policies to motivate farmers in institutional credit borrowing.
Positive symptoms are a useful predictor of aggression in schizophrenia. Although a similar pattern of abnormal brain structures related to both positive symptoms and aggression has been reported, ...this observation has not yet been confirmed in a single sample.
To study the association between positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia on a neurobiological level, a prospective meta-analytic approach was employed to analyze harmonized structural neuroimaging data from 10 research centers worldwide. We analyzed brain MRI scans from 902 individuals with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia and 952 healthy controls.
The result identified a widespread cortical thickness reduction in schizophrenia compared to their controls. Two separate meta-regression analyses revealed that a common pattern of reduced cortical gray matter thickness within the left lateral temporal lobe and right midcingulate cortex was significantly associated with both positive symptoms and aggression.
These findings suggested that positive symptoms such as formal thought disorder and auditory misperception, combined with cognitive impairments reflecting difficulties in deploying an adaptive control toward perceived threats, could escalate the likelihood of aggression in schizophrenia.
The paper is investigating the electronic-based traceability systems (ETsystems) that are considered as a valuable tool for the assurance of food safety and quality, for guaranteeing value added to ...products and ultimately, for serving the transparency and sustainability of agri-food chains. The objective of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the acceptance and use of ETsystems in agri-food chains.
A model that identifies the most significant factors influencing farmers' and processors' behavior regarding the installation and operation of an ETsystem is proposed. The theoretical approach is based on a combination of the Technology Acceptance Model 2 (TAM2) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The theoretical concept and related hypotheses are tested by means of PLS-SEM analysis of data from the dairy supply chain in Greece.
‘Perceived Control’ and most importantly, the ‘perceived costs’ over the installation and operation of the ETsystem, is the most important factor with the strongest direct effect influencing the intention to install and operate such a system. This effect is stronger in the case of dairy farmers than in the case of dairy processors. Stronger for dairy farmers is also the identification mechanism thus, their need to comply with their social/business group expectations.
Useful findings offered for policy makers and regulators interested in the way traceability systems could be successfully integrated within an agri-food sector to guarantee its added value. The limitation of voluntariness and the enforcement of certain mandatory requirements is one tool to exploit and, based on our study, would be more effective at the processors' level.
•ETsystems a valuable tool for guaranteeing credence attributes, transparency and sustainability in agri-food chains.•Modeling most significant factors influencing ETsystems acceptance using combination of TAM 2 and TPB analyzed with PLS-SEM.•‘Perceived behavioral control’ of ETsystems found most important factor influencing behavioral intention along dairy agents.•Multigroup analysis reveals differences between farmers and processors of the dairy sector toward ETsystems acceptance.•Policy implications for successful integration of ETsystems in agri-food chains analyzed.
An often theorized but seldom tested possibility is perfectionism is traceable to parents who demanded perfection (other-oriented perfectionism) and parents who used controlling behaviors to dictate ...a child's thoughts, feelings, and actions (psychological control). In support, perceived parental psychological control correlates positively with self-critical perfectionism and personal standards perfectionism. Nevertheless, there remains much to learn. Does other-oriented perfectionism in fathers influence self-critical perfectionism and personal standards perfectionism in daughters? Alternatively, might the theoretically plausible link between fathers' other-oriented perfectionism and daughters' self-critical and personal standards perfectionism simply be secondary to paternal psychological control? We answered these important questions by studying 159 father-daughter dyads. Fathers completed measures of paternal psychological control and other-oriented perfectionism. Daughters completed measures of perceived paternal psychological control, self-critical perfectionism, and personal standards perfectionism. Structural equation modeling revealed both fathers' other-oriented perfectionism and daughters' reports of fathers' psychological control uniquely predicted daughters' self-critical perfectionism and daughters' personal standards perfectionism. Findings lend credence to longstanding theoretical accounts suggesting controlling fathers who demand perfection are more likely to raise daughters with elevated socially-based and self-generated pressures to be perfect.
•Studied perfectionism and paternal psychological control in 159 father-daughter dyads•Fathers' demands of perfection predicted daughters' self-critical perfectionism (SCP).•Fathers' demands of perfection predicted daughters' personal standards perfectionism (PSP).•Daughters' reports of fathers' psychological control predicted daughters' SCP and PSP.•Controlling and demanding fathers' have daughters high in SCP and PSP.
PDF
