Background and purpose: Perseverance is related to many personality, behavioral and educational variables, and hence the need for a questionnaire in Persian language to measure perseverance is felt. ...This research was conducted with the aim of standardizing and examining the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Persistence Questionnaire. Methods: The current research is practical in terms of purpose. In terms of the type of survey data collection and in terms of methodology, it is considered as a test-making study, which has been carried out in the general format of a descriptive research project. The statistical population in this research included all managers and employees of non-governmental organizations in Tehran in 1401. The research sample included 865 managers and employees who were selected by cluster method. The data was collected using Duckworth (2008) perseverance questionnaire. In this research, correlation methods, goodness of fit study, factor analysis and reliability analysis (Cronbach's alpha method) were used. Data were analyzed using LISREL 8.80 and SPSS.22 software. Results: Based on the data analysis, the current research identified 2 factors (interest and effort) that explain 60.92% of the persistence variable. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit indices of the model are in a favorable condition. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscales was calculated between 0.74 and 0.82. Conclusion: According to the appropriate statistical analyzes and the results, it seems that the Persian version of the persistence questionnaire (Grit-S) has good validity and reliability and can be considered an efficient tool in this field.
The Feature for this issue—Reflections on Student Persistence—has been prepared by Professor Vincent Tinto, Distinguished University Professor Emeritus at Syracuse University, United States of ...America (USA) and a long-time friend and supporter of STARS. Vincent explores the case for motivation to be considered as a significant aspect of the tertiary student psyche by drawing on theoretical frameworks, research and practical experiences related to the issue. He synthesises this extensive, detailed, rich but often somewhat impenetrable data into a trilogy of clear and credible key dimensions of the motivation construct—student self-efficacy, sense of belonging and perceived value of the curriculum. This interpretation of the literature is a personal but informed reflection and is a timely piece which highlights the breadth and profundity of the presentations at this year’s conference in Adelaide, Australia where students in all their diversity are central to our focus on enhancing the student experience.
In this opening article, Vincent refers directly to the STARS papers selected for this Conference issue of the Journal which also address the importance of student persistence, self-efficacy and building the sense of belonging within their own institutional communities (Fernandes, Ford, Rayner & Pretorius; Kahu, Nelson, & Picton; McFarlane, Spes-Skrbis Naylor; Smallhorn). Echoing his position on social justice and his advocacy for underserved students, Vincent reminds us that educational equity gaps still exist, and he encourages us to see the issue of persistence through the eyes of the students to support their perseverance and completion and thereby help reduce educational disadvantage.
Ho‘okele ka Wa‘a Kane, Haunani H.; Choy, C. Anela; Bruno, Barbara C. ...
Oceanography (Washington, D.C.),
12/2023, Letnik:
36, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In Hawai‘i and across much of Oceania, Pacific Islanders celebrate the connections between our islands and the ocean that surrounds us. Since the beginning of time, we have relied upon precise ...observations of marine and celestial realms to intentionally navigate thousands of miles across vast expanses of open ocean. Through our migrations, we have created—and continue to create—purposeful relationships by observing the movements of swells, weather patterns, celestial bodies, and marine life. In direct opposition to colonial Western thought, we view Oceania as a metaphorical road that connects rather than separates island people (Hau’ofa, 1994). As descendants of the ocean, the dearth of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs) in ocean science seems inconsonant. We wonder, where are all our island people in the ocean sciences? In better defining the persistent, systemic, and collective barriers that NHPIs face within Western society and the academy, we identify gaps that conventional professional development programs aimed at minoritized groups in the geosciences have been unsuccessful in filling. We share lessons learned from building two wa‘a (canoes) in programs that center oceanic ways of knowing.
In order to investigate trends in time series of hydrological variables, observational records are generally assumed to be independent (IND) or having short-term persistence (STP), as opposed to ...long-term persistence (LTP). This study systematically investigates the effect of these assumptions for estimating significance of trends using simulated time series of known STP- and LTP-like serial structures and using observational records of annual, winter and summer 30-day low flows occurring in pristine rivers basins of Canada. For the analyses, the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and two modified versions of this test and a block bootstrap resampling based test is used to estimate significance of temporal trends under the assumptions of IND and STP. A semiparametric and a parametric procedure based on the fractional autoregressive integrated moving average modeling approach and a MK scaling test are used to estimate significance of temporal trends under the assumption of LTP. The results of the study suggest that for the majority of the time series of low flows analyzed, the assumption of IND or STP cannot be ruled out. On the contrary, the fluctuating behavior of trends revealed in selected time series of low flows, with longer records, using moving window technique favor the LTP hypothesis. However, only a modest evidence for the presence of LTP in low flow time series using estimates of the Hurst exponent could be revealed, perhaps because of small sample uncertainties. In general, the results of trend investigation suggest that the estimates of trend significance are highly sensitive to IND, STP and LTP assumptions, e.g. adopting IND assumption instead of LTP for a given set of hydrological time series exhibiting LTP, could result in incorrect estimation of trend significance. Also, substituting IND assumption for STP would result in incorrect estimates of trend significance. Therefore, for reliable trend investigation, satisfactory identification of STP- or LTP-like behavior in hydrological time series, which seldom exceed 100 years, is important and challenging and must be given adequate attention in all trend investigation studies.
This paper is concerned with the long time behavior of a stochastic SIS epidemic model with vaccination. Sufficient conditions for extinction and persistence in mean are obtained. We find a threshold ...of the stochastic model which determines the outcome of the disease in case the white noises are small. At last, some numerical simulations are carried out to support our results.
The threat of antibiotic resistance has attracted strong interest during the last two decades, thus stimulating stewardship programs and research on alternative antimicrobial therapies. Conversely, ...much less attention has been given to the directly related problem of resistance toward antiseptics and biocides. While bacterial resistances toward triclosan or quaternary ammonium compounds have been considered in this context, the bis-biguanide chlorhexidine (CHX) has been put into focus only very recently when its use was associated with emergence of stable resistance to the last-resort antibiotic colistin. The antimicrobial effect of CHX is based on damaging the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and subsequent leakage of cytoplasmic material. Consequently, mechanisms conferring resistance toward CHX include multidrug efflux pumps and cell membrane changes. For instance, in staphylococci it has been shown that plasmid-borne
("quaternary ammonium compound") genes encode Qac efflux proteins that recognize cationic antiseptics as substrates. In
, changes in the outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide profiles have been implicated in CHX resistance. However, little is known about the risk of resistance toward CHX in oral bacteria and potential mechanisms conferring this resistance or even cross-resistances toward antibiotics. Interestingly, there is also little awareness about the risk of CHX resistance in the dental community even though CHX has been widely used in dental practice as the gold-standard antiseptic for more than 40 years and is also included in a wide range of oral care consumer products. This review provides an overview of general resistance mechanisms toward CHX and the evidence for CHX resistance in oral bacteria. Furthermore, this work aims to raise awareness among the dental community about the risk of resistance toward CHX and accompanying cross-resistance to antibiotics. We propose new research directions related to the effects of CHX on bacteria in oral biofilms.
In their traditional role, digital assistants in technology-mediated services provide customers with information, guidance, and suggestions. However, as the opportunities offered by technology and ...artificial intelligence increase, digital assistants can also provide emotional support, which refers to empathetic, reassuring expressions for customers who have failed or succeeded in fulfilling a task. We show across four experiments that emotional support offered by a digital assistant increases customer satisfaction (Study 1 and 2) and persistence (Study 3 and 4) in using technology-mediated services. The increase in satisfaction occurs via the perceived warmth of the digital assistant, and the increase in persistence via the serial mediation of perceived warmth and satisfaction. Further, the results of a moderated serial mediation show that the effect on persistence only occurs when a digital (but not when a human) assistant provides emotional support in technology-mediated services. Finally, the effect of emotional support on persistence occurs independently of the digital assistant's embodiment. Practitioners learn how to imbue technology-mediated services with a human touch, inducing favorable customer outcomes.
•Emotional support from digital assistants fosters satisfaction and persistence.•This effect occurs because users perceive the assistants' feedback as warm.•An embodiment of the digital assistant is not necessary.•The support is beneficial both when customers fail and succeed in fulfilling a task.•The effect only occurs when digital (but not human) assistants provide support.
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