National leaders confront risky decisions on a regular basis. Although leaders may differ widely in their tolerance for risk, students of foreign policymaking lack compelling explanations for these ...differences. One of the few attempts to grapple with this problem holds that decision makers accept risks to avoid losses but refuse to take risks to make comparable gains. This tendency, embodied in prospect theory, is experimentally robust but consistently fails to predict the behavior of one third or more of the subjects. To investigate the contribution of individual differences to risk taking, the authors administered three questionnaires assessing risk propensity and two personality inventories (the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory) to 126 subjects. The results identify strong personality predictors of generalized risk taking. Contrary to prospect theory, some people were especially willing to take risks to make gains, whereas others were particularly unlikely to take risks when facing potential losses. Statistical analyses lend support to a three-stage model of risk taking. The findings suggest that if students of international conflict want to understand risk taking, then they must consider not only how leaders frame conflicts but also the character of the leaders themselves.
A sample of 552 first year undergraduate students, attending a university-sector college in Wales specialising in teacher education and liberal arts subjects, completed the Myers-Briggs Type ...Indicator together with the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity. The data demonstrated that judging types held a more positive attitude toward Christianity than perceiving types. No significant differences in attitude toward Christianity were found between introverts and extraverts, between sensers and intuitives, or between thinkers and feelers.
Research has not investigated the degree to which perceived selection ratio may affect faking on personality inventories. In this study, two personality inventories that differed in item subtlety ...were administered to 150 undergraduate students. Half of the students were administered
a personality inventory with more obvious items (n = 75) and half of the students were administered a personality inventory with more subtle items (n = 75). For each personality inventory, 25 students were randomly assigned to each of the following experimental conditions which
included financial incentives to mirror the real-world motivational processes underlying desire for the job: (1) low perceived selection ratio; (2) moderate perceived selection ratio; and (3) high perceived selection ratio. Results showed no statistically significant mean differences between
personality scale scores across levels of perceived selection ratios for each personality inventory.
This essay describes a unique approach to assigning Master's of Public Administration (MPA) students to groups in order to enhance the value of the overall classroom team experience. The relevant ...mechanism of interest is the Cognitive Styles Matching (CSM) group-selection process, combined with a brief explanatory session. Many instructors utilize groups for various reasons, without considering that the selection process can be altered to maximize relevant learning and interpersonal skills development. In this approach, a Myers-Briggs Type Indicator within a CSM process is used to configure groups for semester-long course projects. The essay takes the additional step of examining the approach's performance, by using a post-only evaluation design that considers academic performance and a survey of student perceptions regarding the CSM treatment and potential alternatives. The benefits associated with the CSM process — product consistency and learning to work with others in a collaborative public service environment — suggest a meaningful role for broader use of the CSM selection process in the MPA curriculum.
The present study solicited the reactions of 390 current and future job seekers to 13 selection procedures. Results suggest that applicants prefer selection methods with high apparent content ...validity, in particular, simulations (both written and oral) and tests with business-related content. Reference checks also received positive evaluations, while personality inventories, drug testing and honesty testing were generally viewed as neutral. Reactions to interviews varied according to interview content and nature of the interviewer (line versus staff). Overall, reactions were predictable on the basis of applicants' faith in the employer's ability to accurately interpret the procedure; their beliefs about the extent to which the employer actually needs to use the procedure, and their beliefs about likely self-performance on the procedure.
This study examined personality pathology in a group of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) using both diagnostic interviews and dimensional self-report instruments. A group of CLBP patients ...(N = 125) was assessed before functional restoration treatment and compared with a matched normal comparison group (N = 75). The CLBP group evidenced broad personality pathology in all assessment modes pretreatment relative to the normal comparison sample. In addition, two subsamples of CLBP patients (n = 49 and n = 56) were assessed after treatment. Reductions in personality pathology between pre- and posttreatment assessments were more pronounced for diagnostic interview than dimensional self-report assessments. These results are discussed in the context of personality assessment and CLBP.
Field Notes Moore, Linda S.; Dettlaff, Alan J.; Dietz, Tracy J.
Journal of social work education,
04/2004, Letnik:
40, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article provides a framework for using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to help social work field instructors work effectively with students of a variety of personality types. The article ...describes the MBTI and includes strategies for using it to assess students' needs, determine issues in supervisory style, and enhance supervisor-student relationships. Within the framework are strategies for respecting and responding to type differences and for learning to act against preference to work effectively with students of different types. The authors emphasize the ethical use of the MBTI in field instruction and limitations of its use.
The purpose of this study was to examine personality characteristics associated with reconviction and to explore the accuracy of the Special Hospitals Assessment of Personality and Socialization ...(SHAPS) in predicting reconviction. The SHAPS was administered to a group of sexual and violent offenders (n = 121) who were followed up over 2, 5 and 10 year periods. Reconviction data were analysed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Of the 10 SHAPS scales, the Impulsivity scale produced the most promising results and consistently obtained the highest accuracy in predicting violent and general reconviction. The predictive accuracy of the SHAPS scales was compared against three actuarial risk measures, Static-99, Risk Matrix-2000 Sexual and Violent scales. The strength of correlations and accuracy of the SHAPS Impulsivity scale in predicting violent and general reconviction is comparable to that of the Risk Matrix 2000/Violent actuarial risk measure. However, the SHAPS scales added little to the actuarial measures in a regression equation. The actuarial scales were better at predicting sexual reconviction compared with the SHAPS scales. The implications of assessment and treatment using the SHAPS are discussed.
