Eighteen years of research using the Happiness Measures (HM) is reviewed in relation to the general progress of well-being measurement efforts. The accumulated findings on this remarkably quick ...instrument, show good reliability, exceptional stability, and a record of convergent, construct, and discriminative validity unparalleled in the field. Because of this, the HM is offered as a potential touchstone of measurement consistency in a field which generally lacks it.
Judgments of Personality
The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, Personality Processes and Individuals Differences,
2021
Book Chapter
Data from 396 real estate salespeople offer structural model evidence of the antecedence of salesperson cognitive style (Jung, 1971) to adaptive selling behavior, and to sales orientation-customer ...orientation and self-perceived selling performance. Four hypotheses were supported: Salespeople who prefer information intake by intuiting (rather than sensing) and information processing/decision-making by thinking (rather than feeling) were found to be more likely to practice adaptive selling; the more adaptive selling was practiced, the greater customer orientation became; and the greater the customer orientation, the better the self-perceived selling performance. Implications exist for salesperson training, management, and motivation research.
Using a broad-based measure of normal personality, we tested the hypothesis that the trait "conscientiousness" is the best single predictor of scores on two well-researched integrity tests. Data from ...180 traditional and nontraditional college students provided clear support for this hypothesis, but also indicated that a number of traits other than conscientiousness were likely to be related to integrity test scores. Scores on all six of the primary scales, and 33 of the 45 homogeneous item clusters (HICs) of the Hogan Personality Inventory were related to scores on the PDI Employment Inventory and/or the Personnel Selection Inventory. Personality variables were better predictors of scores on the PDI Employment inventory, which is a veiled-purpose (also referred to as "personality based") test, than of scores on the Personnel Selection Inventory, which measures honesty-related attitudes and includes items calling for direct admissions of misdeeds.
An evaluation of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is made using a "unified view" of test validity (e.g., Messick, 1981). The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is an assessment of personality based on Jung's ...theory of types. During the past decade, the test has received considerable attention and use in a variety of applied settings. The unified view of validation requires that validity be considered as an approach that requires many sources of corroboration. This procedure contrasts with previous procedures that tended to focus on single validation procedures (e.g., construct validation). A review of the available literature suggests that there is insufficient evidence to support the tenets of and claims about the utility of the test.
A group of patients with major depressive disorder, with and without comorbid obsessive—compulsive disorder, completed the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). Harm Avoidance scores were ...found to be high compared to published age-matched norms and to display a significant positive correlation with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores. Platelet
125I-lysergic acid diethylamide (
125I-LSD) and
3H-paroxetine binding B
max values were measured to test Cloninger's hypothesis that Harm Avoidance scores would correlate significantly with measures of serotonergic function. A significant inverse correlation was found between Harm Avoidance scores and
125I-LSD B
max values. Correlations between
3H-paroxetine B
max values and TPQ scale scores were not significant. These results suggest an alternative view of the literature relating platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine-2a receptors and mood disorders in that the temperament dimension, Harm Avoidance, may explain prior inconsistencies involving links with depression and suicidality.
Abstract Objective: To investigate the strength of association between past life events and the development of breast cancer. Design: Case-control study. A standardised life events interview and ...rating was administered before a definitive diagnosis. Setting: Breast Cancer Screening Assessment Unit and surgical outpatient clinics at King's College Hospital, London. Subjects: 119 consecutive women aged 20-70 who were referred for biopsy of a suspicious breast lesion. Main outcome measures: Odds ratio of the risk of developing breast cancer after life events in the preceding five years after adjustment for confounders. Results: 41 women were diagnosed as having malignant disease while the remainder had benign conditions. Severe life events increased the risk of breast cancer. The crude odds ratio was 3.2 (95% confidence interval 1.35 to 7.6). After adjustment for age and the menopause and other potential confounders this rose to 11.6 (3.1 to 43.7). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that all severe events and coping with the stress of adverse events by confronting them and focusing on the problems significantly predicted a diagnosis of breast cancer. Non-severe life events and long term difficulties had no significant association. Conclusion: These findings suggest an aetiological association between life stress and breast cancer.
FOREWORD Starke R. Hathaway; Elio D. Monachesi
Social Deviancy and Adolescent Personality,
02/2015
Book Chapter
Less thantwo decades ago the first study of delinquency and personality characteristics in which the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality lnventory (MMPI) played a prominent role was published. This ...study, reported by Dora F. Capwell in 1945, produced results which suggested that the several scales of the MMPI differentiated significantly between groups of delinquent and nondelinquent girls.
The rather unusual aspect of the Capwell findings—unusual in the sense that they indicated that some of the MMPI scales seemed to have this discriminatory power—gave rise to a host of research projects employing the MMPI to contrast the personality characteristics of
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