Numerous diseases have been related with free radicals overproduction and oxidative stress. Botanical preparations possess a multitude of bioactive properties, including antioxidant potential, which ...has been mainly related with the presence of phenolic compounds. However, the mechanisms of action of these phytochemicals, in vivo effects, bioavailability and bio-efficacy still need research.
The present report aims to provide a critical review on the aspects related with the in vivo antioxidant activity of phenolic extracts and compounds from plant origin.
Biological functions beyond the human metabolism were discussed, comparing in vivo vs. in vitro studies, as also focusing the conditioning factors for phenolic compounds bioavailability and bio-efficacy. Furthermore, an upcoming perspective about the use of phytochemicals as life expectancy promoters and anti-aging factors in human individuals was provided.
Overall, and despite all of those advances, the study of the biological potential of numerous natural matrices still remains a hot topic among the scientific community. In fact, the available knowledge about the responsible phytochemicals for the biological potential, their mechanisms of action, the establishment of therapeutic and prophylactic doses, and even the occurrence of biochemical inter-relations, is considerable scarce.
•Phytochemicals show promissory effects on oxidative-stress related diseases.•In vivo studies are scarce, particularly clinical trials.•Pronounced differences are achieved through in vivo vs. in vitro studies.•Several factors affects bioavailability and bio-efficacy of phenolic compounds.•New plant-derived formulations could improve longevity and reduce premature aging.
•The high hydrostatic pressure achieved to extract of flavonoids.•The extracts obtained by high hydrostatic pressure proved highest inhibition rates.•In order to increase the antifungal activity, a ...fractionation was performed.•The ethanolic and methanolic extracts showed highest inhibition rates.•In total, 21 possible secondary metabolites were identified.
With the current agro-food industry demands for more environmentally-friendly production, the use of natural antifungal compounds extracted by emerging technologies led to a sustainable alternative to control microorganisms. Therefore, the present work aimed to: (i) determine antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Penicillium italicum of jackfruit leaf extracts obtained by different methods, and (ii) identify compounds by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. Microwave (MAE), high-hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and ultrasound (UAE) assisted extractions were tested, followed by fractionation with different polarity solvents. The concentration of total soluble phenols (TSP), tannins (TT) and flavonoids (TF) were determined. Differences not only in the amounts of extracted phytochemicals were found but in the antifungal properties (MAE against P. italicum and HHP against C. gloeosporioides at 5 mg/ml) as well as in the chemical composition determined by HPLC-MS. These results suggest the possible application of jackfruit leaf extracts as a suitable postharvest antifungal treatment.
The aim of the present study is to use antimicrobial edible film technology and natural phenolic antimicrobials for inhibition of major bacterial plant pathogens such as Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia ...carotovora, Xanthomonas vesicatoria and Pseudomonas syringae. For this purpose phenolic acids (PAs) (gallic (GA), vanillic (VA), cinnamic acids (CA)), essential oils (EOs) (carvacrol (CAR), thymol (THY), eugenol (EUG) citral (CIT)), phenolic extracts (PEs) from clove (CE), oregano (OE), artichoke stem (ASE) and walnut shells (WSE) were evaluated as antimicrobial zein film components. Films containing PAs between 1 and 4 mg/cm2 inhibited all pathogens while EOs between 1 and 4 mg/cm2 and CE between 4 and 8 mg/cm2 inhibited pathogens except P. syringae. The most potent films were obtained by using GA against E. amylovora and P. syringae, VA against E. carotovora, and CA, THY or CAR against X. vesicatoria. The addition of phenolic compounds into films increased the porosity of films. The phenolic containing films also become more flexible and lost their brittleness. This study is important in that it prepared the basis of using edible antimicrobial coatings in outdoor applications on infected tree stems, soil surfaces and agronomy tools or in classical fruit and seedling coating applications to control bacterial contamination or spoilage.
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•Zein films containing phenolic compounds are effective on bacterial plant pathogens.•P. syringae is the most resistant pathogen against phenolic acids, oils and extracts.•Gallic acid is the only compound that gave films effective on all plant pathogens.•Clove extracts are more potent than oregano, artichoke and walnut shell extracts.•Antimicrobial coatings provide an alternative nontoxic method against plant pathogens.
The objective of the study was to prepare active films based on pectin and polyphenol-rich extracts from Tommy Atkins mango peels. Aqueous and methanolic extracts showed a variety of phenolic ...compounds that were identified by UPLC-MS analysis, and a high content of total phenolics that were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The methanolic extract showed better results in antioxidant tests and was more effective in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The pectin extracted from mango peels showed good thermal stability and a degree of methoxylation of 58.3% by 1H NMR. The films containing the phenolic extracts showed lower water vapor permeability when compared to the control film (without any phenolic extracts). The incorporation of the extracts led to an increase in elongation (ε) and a decrease in tensile strength (σ) and modulus of elasticity (Y). The films with aqueous or methanolic extracts showed higher antioxidant activity in terms of inhibition of the DPPH radical. Therefore, the films developed in this work are presented as a promising alternative for food packaging and/or coating applications.
The present study utilizes the novel combination of Gum tragacanth (GT) and sodium alginate (SA) to reinforce SA hydrogel beads. The composite hydrogel beads were encapsulated with phenolic compounds ...extracted from Basella sps. The rheological studies conferred increased elastic property of GT incorporated formulations. Higher swelling behavior was observed in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) with increasing GT content in SA formulations. SA-GT composite hydrogels revealed increased encapsulation efficiency with sustained release of phenolic compounds in SIF. GT incorporated hydrogel beads exhibited increased biodegradation (up to 82% weight loss) in biodegradation media (in vitro). FTIR study found no molecular interaction between SA and GT. TGA analysis revealed that GT incorporation did not affect the thermal behavior of SA. Furthermore, SA-GT encapsulated hydrogels showed remarkable cytotoxicity against osteosarcoma cells. Thus our findings suggest SA-GT gel formulation could be used as a promising delivery system for drugs and nutraceutical compounds.
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•Phenolics encapsulated alginate-tragacanth (SA-GT) hydrogel beads were prepared.•Tragacanth gum (GT) improved physical and mechanical properties of hydrogel beads.•SA-GT beads displayed increased swelling and sustained release profile.•Tragacanth contributed higher biodegradation of beads in vitro.•Phenolics loaded beads displayed cytotoxicity against osteosarcoma cells.
•Enhancement of the zinc deposit quality was obtained when "Pyracantha coccinea" extracts were added to electrolysis baths.•The addition of butanolic extract as additive improves the brightness of ...the deposited zinc layer.•The coated substrates in the presence of different extracts concentrations exhibited a high resistance to corrosion.
To prevent steel from corrosion, zinc is often the metal of choice in the electroplating process. The quality of the zinc deposits is improved using organic additives in the electroplating bath for better structural and morphological properties. For this purpose, the performance of Pyracantha coccinea phenolic extracts was experimentally investigated as new eco-friendly plating additives using a direct current (DC) supply at well-defined operating parameters. The zinc deposit quality was evaluated through brightness meter, hardness meter, adhesion test, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and profilometer from one side. From the other side, the corrosion resistance of the plated substrate was evaluated by gravimetric and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The obtained results revealed that the electrodeposition process was sensitive to the variation in both additive concentration and extract type. The addition of extracts improved the quality of the deposits by providing smooth with a marked brightness especially in the case of the addition of different concentrations from BE. Furthermore, these results exhibited that the substrates coated in the presence of extracts were more resistant against corrosion than the ones layered in their absence, especially when adding 1.2g/l of EAE, which induce a decrease in the corrosion rate and current density with values of 6.2 × 10−4 mg/cm2 h and 6.6 × 10−3 mA/cm2, respectively.
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Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a pollutant by-product from the virgin olive oil production. Its high content in phenolic compounds makes them play an important role for their use in foods, for their ...high antioxidant significance. The present paper gives an overview on the techniques for OMW valuable ingredient separation, focusing on the most effective ones for their use in food products as functional ingredients. We report on effective methods to recover OMW phenolics, and give several examples on the use these extracts in foods. When added into vegetable oils, their effect on retarding lipid oxidation improves the oxidative status of the product, whilst several challenges need to be faced. OMW phenolic extracts were also used in food emulsions, milk products or other model systems, showing promising results and little or no negative impact on the sensory characteristics or other properties. Their possible use as antimicrobial agents is also another promising approach, as positive results were obtained when applied in meat products. Other examples of using natural phenolic extracts from other sources are suggested also for OMW extracts, to expand their use and thus to improve the nutritional and technological quality of foods.
This study was conducted to examine chemical compositions, the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic and aqueous extracts from aerial parts of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp ...oxycedrus growing in Mascara, Algeria. The quantitative assessment indicated that methanol extract was the most concentrated in phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents (167.77±5.12 mg GAE/g DW, 90.56±2.23 mg QE/g DE and 110.21±2.38 mg CE/g DE respectively). The chromatographic analysis by HPLC showed quantitative differences in phenolic constutents, noting that Chlorogenic acid was the major compound of both extracts. Moreover, methanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract when tested by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (IC50 4.45±0.001 μg/mL) and phosphomolybdenum (328.52±0.071 mg of GAE/g DW) assays. Furthermore, the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity showed a strong inhibition of albumin denaturation by the methanolic extract at different concentrations when compared to standard drug diclofenac sodium. These findings confirm the richness of Algerian Juniperus oxycedrus extracts in bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. These results are compatible with the use of the plant in traditional medicine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7135281
•Hydrophobic rosemary extract (RE) protected meat by inverted dose-dependent action.•RE was effective in preventing lipid oxidation, but had no influence on myoglobin.•Hydrophilic maté (ME) and green ...tea extract (GTE) protected myoglobin and lipids.•Higher concentrations of ME and GTE reduced thiol oxidation and radical formation.•Higher concentrations of ME and GTE increased initial oxygen consumption rates.
Plant extracts from rosemary (RE), green tea (GTE), and maté (ME) were compared for the protection against iron-induced oxidation in porcine homogenates at total phenolic concentrations from 25 to 250 ppm. Lipid oxidation as indicated by TBARS was in all cases sufficiently suppressed, especially for RE. Hydrophobic RE retarded overall oxidation in the homogenates with an inverted dose-dependent response. Optimum delay of oxygen consumption was found at the lowest concentration applied, similar to protection against thiols and formation of protein radicals as measured by ESR, whereas the high concentration increased oxygen consumption and caused additionally thiol loss possibly due to thiol-quinone interactions, generating protein-phenol complexes. Hydrophilic ME or GTE increased the initial oxygen consumption rate as an indication of prooxidant activities at elevated concentrations. However, they were found to protect myoglobin and protein at those high concentrations with GTE being more efficient, possibly due to better chelation effect.
The valorization, resource generation and the functional characteristic exploration of domestic waste still face enormous challenges. Kiwi peels, a common kind of fruit waste, contain a large amount ...of phenolic substances, including polyphenols, flavonoids, etc., which can be explored and reused in food and biomedical fields. By ultrasonic assisted extraction technology, we obtained conversional fluorescence kiwi peel phenolic extracts (PE) which possessed gradient magenta fluorescence relying on the content of ethanol in the solution, as well as strong antioxidant activity. Besides, metal ions sensing assay revealed that PE can specifically sense Hg2+ and Cu2+ (LOD: 1.16 and 0.17 μM, respectively) accompanied with a fluorescence conversion from magenta fluorescence to blue. Moreover, employing the prepared PE as fluorescent probes, imaging of HeLa cells can be easily achieved with satisfactory resolution. Additionally, PE was incorporated into the gelatin matrix, successfully fabricating a green, edible degradable film with excellent antioxidant activity.
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•Ultrasound treatment accelerated the escape of kiwi peel phenolic extracts.•Phenolic extracts exhibited a gradient magenta fluorescence relying on the solvent effects.•Phenolic extracts sense Hg2+ and Cu2+ with a fluorescence conversion from magenta to blue.•Phenolic extracts were successfully applied to fluorescent imaging of HeLa cells.•Phenolic extracts improved the antioxidant capacity of gelatin-based films.
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