ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
This systematic review aimed to synthesize recent evidence on interventions to increase moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) content of physical education (PE) in ...children age 8 to 11.
METHODS
A search of 6 databases was conducted in December 2019. Controlled intervention studies were included so long as they used objective measures of MVPA. Methodological quality was assessed using the appropriate Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist. Random effects meta‐analysis was used where appropriate.
RESULTS
Of the 5459 records, only 5 studies met all inclusion criteria, reporting on 1452 participants; 3 quasi‐experimental studies and 2 RCTs. All 5 eligible studies reported favorable intervention effects. Meta‐analysis was possible from 4/5 studies: the mean difference between intervention and control groups at follow‐up was +14.3% of lesson time in MVPA (confidence interval CI 2.7 to 25.8).
CONCLUSIONS
Efforts to increase the MVPA content of elementary school PE are achievable. Two studies employed PE specialist teachers and 1 study used an expert instructor as their intervention, 2 studies worked with the class teachers using self‐determination theory. All studies focused on health (MVPA) outcomes and included either “fitness infusions” or physically active games to engage students' in physical activities and increase their activity level.
El Aprendizaje-Servicio constituye un enfoque innovador que fomenta la participación solidaria del alumnado. Ha mostrado tener beneficios tanto para el aprendizaje como para su desarrollo personal. ...Aunque no se duda de la potencialidad formativa de los proyectos de Aprendizaje-Servicio, su aplicación presenta limitaciones (dificultades e inconvenientes) que requieren una revisión profunda, con el fin de poder obtener criterios claros para el desarrollo de experiencias de éxito. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las limitaciones de la implementación de una experiencia de Aprendizaje-Servicio en actividad físico-deportiva en formación inicial. Participaron tres docentes de la asignatura Actividades Físico-Deportivas en el Medio Natural del grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y 30 alumnos de segundo curso con participación voluntaria y 61 receptores del servicio. La información se recogió a través de un portafolio del alumnado y entrevistas al alumnado y el diario del docente. Entre las dificultades detectadas en la experiencia destacan: (1) la falta de formación y experiencia del alumnado universitario en lo referente al diseño, intervención y evaluación de proyectos de actividad físico-deportiva; (2) la elevada carga de trabajo tanto para profesorado como para alumnado; y (3) la dificultad para desarrollar acciones coordinadas, tanto entre programas, como entre profesorado y alumnado, como entre el propio alumnado. La limitación de la investigación viene dada por el contexto de estudio y la aplicación de un programa específico de actividad física.
Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been linked to improved bone health, muscular fitness, cognitive function, sleep, and a reduced risk of depression and obesity. Many children ...are not engaging in the recommended amount of physical activity. Furthermore, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were found to engage in less physical activity than their peers of typical development. We extended previous research by conducting a physical activity context assessment, which included a comparison of indoor to outdoor activities to evaluate which environment produced the lowest percent of MVPA as recorded by the "Observational System for Recording Physical Activity in Children." Given the utility of activity schedules to increase self-management and independent engagement during unstructured and low-preferred tasks, we then taught 3 preschool children diagnosed with ASD to use photographic activity schedules to increase the number of different activities that met the definition of MVPA in the 2 lowest-responding conditions of the physical activity context assessment. MVPA remained low during baseline sessions for all participants and immediately increased with the introduction of activity schedule teaching. All participants quickly met activity schedule teaching mastery criterion and demonstrated high levels of MVPA in generalization and maintenance probes without additional teaching.
The new 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans provides updated recommendations for physical activity behavior. These guidelines remove the requirement for physical activity to be obtained ...in bouts of at least 10 min. The purpose of the present study was to provide an updated estimate of the proportion of adults meeting the physical activity guidelines, based on nationally representative data using accelerometers. Data from 6,525 adults were included in this study. The proportion of adults meeting the physical activity guidelines according to the Department of Health and Human Services and according to the American College of Sports Medicine were estimated using (a) lifestyle activities and (b) ambulatory activities only. Estimates of the proportion of adults meeting the physical activity guidelines ranged from 3.4 to 95.6%, even when based on the same data. The large range of these estimates suggest that challenges exist when using accelerometer data to estimate the levels of physical activity behavior in the population. Further, the large range indicates that, perhaps, physical activity guidelines should not be used as a reference point for behavior change. Instead, we suggest that efforts should be made to promote physical activity in reference to current behavior.
Participation in physical activity and sport is on the decline and there is a poor understanding of the psychosocial factors that contribute to people’s reluctance to participate. We examined whether ...there were relationships between factors such as weight stigma, weight bias internalization, appearance evaluation, and fears of negative appearance evaluations, and enjoyment and avoidance of physical activity and sport. Undergraduate students (N = 579) completed a survey assessing demographics, and the variables described above. In hierarchal multivariate regression models, weight stigma (β = −0.16, p < 0.001), appearance evaluation (β = 0.19, p = 0.001), and weight bias internalization (β = −0.19, p = 0.003) were associated with lower enjoyment of physical activity and sport. Weight stigma (β = 0.46, p = 0.001), weight bias internalization (β = 0.42, p = 0.001), and fear of negative appearance evaluations (β = 0.16, p = 0.000) were also significantly associated with the tendency to avoid physical activity and sport. Serial mediation analysis showed the relationship between weight stigma and enjoyment of physical activity and sport was through appearance evaluation and weight bias internalization (indirect effect = −0.007, SE = 0.002, 95% CI = −0.01, −0.02). Similarly, the relationship between weight stigma and avoidance of physical activity and sport was through weight bias internalization and fear of negative appearance evaluations (indirect effect = 0.11, SE = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.16). These results suggest that weight stigma and concerns about one’s physical appearance influence people’s enjoyment and reasoning for avoiding physical activity and sport. Research is needed to identify ways to reduce body-related stigma and increase enjoyment and participation in physical activity and sport.
Abstract Objectives To investigate relationships between physical activities in different domains (leisure time, occupational, domestic, commuting) and health indicators (self-rated health, body mass ...index). Methods The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and additional questions on domain specific physical activity were submitted face-to-face to 29,193 individual's age 15 years and older in the 27 member states of the Europe Union, 2 affiliated nations (Croatia, Turkey), and Cyprus North in 2005 as part of Eurobarometer 64.3. Results Leisure time physical activity (compared to no leisure time physical activity) was positively associated with self-rated health (males: Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.85, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.27, 3.58; females: OR = 2.77, 95% C.I. 2.16, 3.56) and inversely with obesity (males: OR = 0.65, 95% C.I. 0.50, 0.83; females: OR = 0.46, 95% C.I. 0.34, 0.63). Being in the highest quartile of the total volume of physical activity expressed using metabolic equivalents (in MET-min/week) (compared to being in the lowest quartile) was not related to self-rated health (males: OR = 0.99, 95% C.I. 0.81, 1.21; females: OR = 1.19, 95% C.I 0.98, 1.43) or obesity (males: OR = 1.25, 95% C.I., 0.99, 1.59; females: OR = 1.26, 95% C.I. 1.02, 1.57). Gender-specific effects were observed for other domains of physical activity. Analysis on national levels showed pronounced relationships of leisure time physical activity to health indicators. Conclusions Domains of physical activity being related to health indicators, they may pertain to surveillance.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
We examined the effectiveness of Peaceful Playgrounds™ (P2) to decrease antisocial behaviors (ASB) while increasing physical activity (PA) and prosocial behaviors (PSB) in ...elementary school children.
METHODS
A longitudinal, cluster‐randomized design was employed in 4 elementary school playgrounds where students (third to fifth) from 2 intervention and 2 control schools were observed during recess periods. The intervention included environmental changes (eg, marked surfaces) and student education. Data were collected using systematic observations of youth behavior and semistructured interviews conducted with key informants. Mixed‐effects regression models controlling for scans nested within days nested within schools estimated the interaction of measurement period and treatment condition on children's PA, PSB, and ASB. It was hypothesized that children in intervention, but not control schools, would demonstrate increased PA/PSB and decreased ASB.
RESULTS
Contrary to the hypotheses, intervention and control schools showed favorable changes for all dependent variables except for PSB, but 1 intervention and 1 control school drove these effects. Follow‐up interviews indicated variability in implementation and lack of adherence to the control condition.
CONCLUSIONS
P2 may promote increased PA during recess, but these results demonstrate the complexity of intervention implementation and the need for rigor when measuring intervention fidelity in real‐world settings.
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