Сажетак: Циљ истраживања је да се утврди ниво усвојености социјалних вешти- на код особа с оштећењем вида у односу на старост, пол, категорију и време настан- ка оштећења вида. У истраживању је ...учествовао 131 испитаник с оштећењем вида (62.6% слепих и 37.4% слабовидих), оба пола, старости од 19 до 60 година. За про- цену социјалних вештина примењен је суптест „Социјалне вештине" који припа- да Систему за процену адаптивног понашања. Анализом резултата утврђено је да постигнућа већине испитаника с оштећењем вида спадају у категорију просечних. Није утврђена значајна повезаност социјалних вештина са старошћу испитаника и временом настанка оштећења, док је однос са категоријом оштећења вида и полом статистички значајан. Будућа истраживања би требало усмерити на ниво друштве- не подршке особама са оштећењем вида у циљу креирања ефикаснијих програма подршке у заједници.
This study investigates inclusion in higher education, examining learning environments for students with physical disabilities (SWPD) and the challenges faced in promoting inclusive education, using ...an Australian university as a case study. Drawing from the social model of disability and interviews with 40 stakeholders, our findings suggest that despite marked progress towards inclusive education through reasonable adjustments for all, learning environments remain largely driven by adjustments for individual students, creating organisational and personal challenges. Four key challenges emerged: (1) staff perception about too many resources creating student dependencies; (2) staff training needs; (3) low representation of students with visible disabilities; and (4) moving inclusion beyond education into employment. Our findings emphasise the need to embed employability and skills development in all aspects of teaching and learning while moving towards inclusive education, to enable all students to develop professionally, and reinforcing calls for an inclusive workplace that values and accepts SWPD.
Intersectionality emphasizes numerous points of difference through which those who occupy multiple disadvantaged statuses are penalized. Applying this consideration to the workplace, we explore ways ...in which status-based and structural aspects of work undermine women and people with physical disabilities and diminish psychological well-being. We conceptually integrate research on the workplace disadvantages experienced by women and people with disabilities. Drawing on a longitudinal analysis of community survey data that includes a diverse sample of people with and without physical disabilities, we explore the claim that women with disabilities are burdened by greater disadvantage in work settings compared to men with disabilities and women and men without disabilities. We find evidence that in comparison with these groups, women with disabilities on average are more psychologically affected by inequitable workplace conditions, partly because they earn less, are exposed to more workplace stress, and are less likely to experience autonomous working conditions.
The aim of the study was to quantify levels of violence and discrimination among people with disabilities and analyze the effects of gender and the type and degree of disability.
The study analyzed ...data on self-reported violence and discrimination from a Danish national survey of 18,019 citizens, of whom 4519 reported a physical disability and 1398 reported a mental disability.
Individuals with disabilities reported significantly higher levels of violence than those without. Specifically, individuals reporting a mental disability reported higher levels of violence and discrimination. Significant gender differences were found with regard to type of violence: while men with disabilities were more likely to report physical violence, women with disabilities were more likely to report major sexual violence, humiliation and discrimination. Neither severity nor visibility of disability was found to be a significant factor for risk of violence.
This large-scale study lends support to existing research showing that people with disabilities are at greater risk of violence than people without disabilities. Further, the study found that people with mental disabilities were significantly more likely to report all types of violence and discrimination than those with physical disabilities. The findings also show that gender is significant in explaining the type of violence experienced and the experience of discrimination.
In this paper we develop linkages between non-representational theory and emerging work by disability scholars in geography. We argue that non-representational thinking has the potential to advance ...our understanding of the complex and emergent geographies of dis/ability. We first outline key dimensions of non-representational thinking within geography. We then explore how this perspective has begun to, and might further inform, geographical scholarship on disability. Next, we extend our thinking to consider how NRT might provide the basis for a critical geography of the ‘able-body’. We conclude by reflecting on the conceptual, political, methodological and empirical implications of our argument.
Ableism Special Issue Introduction Bogart, Kathleen R.; Dunn, Dana S.
Journal of social issues,
September 2019, 2019-09-00, 20190901, Letnik:
75, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In this special issue, we define ableism as stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination, and social oppression toward people with disabilities—the largest minority group in the United States. People with ...disabilities are broadly defined as those who have conditions that are commonly perceived to be disabilities by the general public, including physical, sensory, and intellectual disabilities, in addition to invisible disabilities, chronic health conditions, psychiatric conditions, and others. Foundational work on language, stigma, models of disability, and social and rehabilitation psychology is reviewed. The issue has three areas of focus: social and individual‐level predictors of ableism, experiences and consequences of ableism, and navigating and resisting ableism.
El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una adecuación transcultural del cuestionario “Barriers and facilitators of sports in children with physical disabilities” al idioma español hablado en ...Chile. Para el proceso de traducción y adaptación transcultural se siguieron los pasos de traducción directa, síntesis de traducciones, traducción inversa, consolidación de comité de expertos y pre-test. En cuanto a los resultados se realizaron los pasos según la metodología desarrollando las adaptaciones necesarias que se consideraron desde la opinión de los expertos y traductores que participaron de la adaptación del escrito. Participaron 93 sujetos con un promedio de edad de 13,95 años ± 4,84 donde hubo 42 niñas (45,16%) y 51 niños (54,84%). La mayoría de las y los participantes asisten a educación básica (62,36%), con condiciones no definidas (34,40%) seguido de quienes tiene dificultades para movilizarse (12,90%) y quienes no comprenden bien las indicaciones (12,90%). Se considera que este cuestionario puede ser una herramienta adecuada para conocer la percepción de los participantes lo que puede finalmente impactar en diversas acciones y políticas que permitan la participación efectiva en actividad física y deporte bajo un enfoque de derecho social.
Abstract. The objective of this study was to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire “Barriers and facilitators of sports in children with physical disabilities” into the Spanish language spoken in Chile. For the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process, the steps of direct translation, translation synthesis, reverse translation, consolidation of the expert committee and pre-test were followed. Regarding the results, the steps were carried out according to the methodology developing the necessary adaptations that were considered from the opinion of the experts and translators who participated in the adaptation of the writing. 93 subjects participated with an average age of 13,95 ± 4,84 years, where there were 42 girls (45,16%) and 51 boys (54,84%). Most of the participants attend basic education (62,36%), with undefined conditions (34,40%) followed by those who have difficulties to move around (12,90%) and those who do not understand the indications well (12,90%). It is considered that this questionnaire can be an adequate tool to know the perception of the participants, which can ultimately impact on various actions and policies that allow effective participation in physical activity and sport under a social law approach.
Destigmatization is an understudied social process in which the negative outcomes for a previously stigmatized group improve. We theorize that during a period of destigmatization, the effects of ...stigma persist more strongly for people stigmatized by association than for those directly stigmatized. We propose that this occurs because, during periods of destigmatization, conscious prejudice has diminished but nonconscious prejudice remains, so people correct for their explicit biases toward individuals with the stigmatizing trait but are unaware of their ongoing implicit prejudice toward those stigmatized by association. Our evidence comes from archival data on individual employment in film during the cold war years in Hollywood. It shows that as the stigma of being on an anticommunist blacklist weakened, the employment penalty for being a coworker of a blacklisted artist was greater than the penalty for actually having been on the blacklist itself. A supplemental experiment, designed to address the limitations of archival data, shows the same imbalanced employment penalties in another stigma currently undergoing destigmatization (that of physical disability). Paradoxically, as stigmas recede, harmful effects persist more for associates of stigmatized individuals than for the stigmatized themselves.
This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, organizations.
There is significant global evidence that highlights both the high rates of domestic and family violence (DFV) for women with disabilities and the challenges they can face when navigating and ...responding to DFV. The purpose of this study was to understand women with physical disabilities’ experiences of help-seeking when they did not access generalist DFV services. Presented are the participants’ lived experiences of navigating and responding to DFV. Key findings include how participants resisted ableism, challenged assumptions about passivity, and the impacts of this resistance on their navigation of DFV.
Chronic pain has been extensively explored as a risk factor for opioid misuse, resulting in increased focus on opioid prescribing practices for individuals with such conditions. Physical disability ...sometimes co-occurs with chronic pain but may also represent an independent risk factor for opioid misuse. However, previous research has not disentangled whether disability contributes to risk independent of chronic pain.
Here, we estimate the independent and joint adjusted associations between having a physical disability and co-occurring chronic pain condition at time of Medicaid enrollment on subsequent 18-month risk of incident opioid use disorder (OUD) and non-fatal, unintentional opioid overdose among non-elderly, adult Medicaid beneficiaries (2016-2019).
We find robust evidence that having a physical disability approximately doubles the risk of incident OUD or opioid overdose, and physical disability co-occurring with chronic pain increases the risks approximately sixfold as compared to having neither chronic pain nor disability. In absolute numbers, those with neither a physical disability nor chronic pain condition have a 1.8% adjusted risk of incident OUD over 18 months of follow-up, those with physical disability alone have an 2.9% incident risk, those with chronic pain alone have a 3.6% incident risk, and those with co-occurring physical disability and chronic pain have a 11.1% incident risk.
These findings suggest that those with a physical disability should receive increased attention from the medical and healthcare communities to reduce their risk of opioid misuse and attendant negative outcomes.
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