Purpose
Evaluate benefits and harms of structured exercise programs for chronic primary low back pain (CPLBP) in adults to inform a World Health Organization (WHO) standard clinical guideline.
...Methods
We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in electronic databases (inception to 17 May 2022). Eligible RCTs targeted structured exercise programs compared to placebo/sham, usual care, or no intervention (including comparison interventions where the attributable effect of exercise could be isolated). We extracted outcomes, appraised risk of bias, conducted meta-analyses where appropriate, and assessed certainty of evidence using GRADE.
Results
We screened 2503 records (after initial screening through Cochrane RCT Classifier and Cochrane Crowd) and 398 full text RCTs. Thirteen RCTs rated with overall low or unclear risk of bias were synthesized. Assessing individual exercise types (predominantly very low certainty evidence), pain reduction was associated with aerobic exercise and Pilates vs. no intervention, and motor control exercise vs. sham. Improved function was associated with mixed exercise vs. usual care, and Pilates vs. no intervention. Temporary increased minor pain was associated with mixed exercise vs. no intervention, and yoga vs. usual care. Little to no difference was found for other comparisons and outcomes. When pooling exercise types, exercise vs. no intervention probably reduces pain in adults (8 RCTs, SMD = − 0.33, 95% CI − 0.58 to − 0.08) and functional limitations in adults and older adults (8 RCTs, SMD = − 0.31, 95% CI − 0.57 to − 0.05) (moderate certainty evidence).
Conclusions
With moderate certainty, structured exercise programs probably reduce pain and functional limitations in adults and older people with CPLBP.
Pilates, a popular form of exercise, greatly emphasizes on the strengthening of the core muscles; however, the efficacy of exercise program can be impaired in patients with cognitive impairments. To ...bridge this gap, mental practice of a desired task can help to mentally simulate a given action and retain many properties of the corresponding real action. This study tries to gain preliminary understanding on the effectiveness of the combination of mental practice and core-strengthening Pilates exercises. To explore the effectiveness of mental practice and Pilates-based training on core strength, balance and mobility in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This study highlights a single center case series describing the outcomes in ambulant patients with MS treated with mental practice and Pilates. Five volunteer ambulant individuals with stable relapsing-remitting MS participated in 20 individualized sessions, spread over 10-week duration. Pilates with mental practice session was delivered by a physiotherapist. Each session comprised 20 min of mental practice followed by 40 min of core-strengthening Pilates exercises. All the included patients were screened with Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised Second Version to determine if they are were able to effectively engage in imagery practice. A range of outcomes were measured: Timed up and go, chair stand test, curl-ups, the abdominal angle through leg raises, and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale before and after the intervention. Group data analysis indicated significant improvement between baseline and post-intervention phases for all the tested parameters. This study provides preliminary insight into this novel combination technique to improve balance and mobility in ambulant people with MS. Mental practice played an important role in keeping the patient's compliance, which was analyzed through structured interviews. Variations in response to the intervention are evident.
Background and Objective: The phenomenon of aging is one of the evolutionary stages of life and it is an inevitable part of human society that can lead to poor balance and consequent harm, loss of ...independence and early death. This study was done to determine the effect of Pilates exercise on functional balance of elderly men. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done on 28 elderly men with an average age of above 60 years. Subjects were non-randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Eldely men in intervention group were received Pilates training for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week. To measure the functional balance was used of the timed up and go test. Pre-test and post-test of was done for functional balance in intervention and control groups. Results: The functional balance significantly reduced in intervention group (10.11±0.53 sec) in compared to controls (12.61±1.14 sec) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Pilates training have an important role in improving the performance balance of elderly men.
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) constitutes the majority of urinary incontinence (UI) cases that occur due to anatomical and physiological changes during pregnancy and postpartum period. The ...objcetive of this study was to evaluate the effect of pilates in preventing the occurrence of SUI in the postpartum period.
A retrospective case-control study was conducted in a private hospital. Participants consisted of patients who gave birth vaginally at the hospital and were admitted to the hospital for routine control at the postpartum 12th week. The women did pilates for two days a week from the 12th week of pregnancy until the birth were included in the case group. The women did not do pilates in the control group. Data was collected using the “Michigan Incontinence Symptom Index”. To detect the presence of SUI, researchers asked women “Do you have urinary incontinence problems in your daily life?”. STROBE research check-list was used for reporting the study.
The study was completed with a total of 142 women consisting of 71 women in each group. Of the women, postpartum SUI occurred in 39.4%. The severity score of women who did pilates were found to be statistically significantly lower than those who did not do pilates.
During pregnancy, women should be encouraged to do pilates about the prenatal period by health professionals.
•Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is to be more common after vaginal birth.•Pilates method is the most known exercise for baby and mother.•There are very limited studies on the occurrence of SUI in pilates in the literature.•Pilates can reduced SUI at the postpartum period.
To evaluate the effects of eight weeks of mat Pilates training on selected hematological parameters, i.e. white blood cell, neutrophils, monocyte, lymphocyte, hematocrit, hemoglobin as well as plasma ...volume variations in healthy, active women.
Twenty-eight women physical education students volunteered to participate in the present investigation. They were assigned to two groups: a Pilates training group (n = 14) that followed an 8-week Pilates training program, and a control group (n = 14). Blood samples were collected at rest at two separate occasions before and after Pilates training.
The Pilates training group had higher values of plasma volume variations and lower values of white blood cell (19.4%), neutrophils (32%), hematocrit (4.3%) and hemoglobin (4.6%) compared to control group (p<0.05).
The results of the present study suggested that Pilates training could be an effective strategy for increasing plasma volume variations and boosting immune system in healthy active women.
Motor control exercise (MCEs), spinal stabilization or core stability exercises were developed with the aim of restoring the coordination, control, and capacity of the trunk muscles and systematic ...reviews (SR) evaluating their effectiveness has shown conflicting results. This we hypothesized was due to the non-consideration of principles of neuroplasticity. The objective of this review was to review the operating definitions used in these reviews for these exercises and evaluate if these reviews have considered and satisfied the principles of these exercises in persons with NSLBP, both acute and chronic.
The available evidence to address the research question was sought in the reviews published in English between January 2006 and April 2019 using the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome format. Data were extracted against the following factors: satisfy the principles of specific inclusion criteria; interventions; experience-dependent plasticity; and measure any one of the concepts of motor control. The quality of the evidence obtained was graded using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence protocol and the quality of SRs evaluated using the R-AMSTAR.
Eleven reviews on core stability/spinal stabilization exercises and four reviews on MCE were considered in this review. The results showed that most of the studies considered by the reviews did not adhere to the principles of these exercises.
There is wide heterogeneity in the understanding, administration, and progression of exercises. The exercises were implemented without considering the potential for neuroplasticity of the nervous system and the principles of motor learning.
Background: The aim of this meta-analysis review study was to examine and summarize the benefits of Pilate's exercises on disability in patients with low back pain (LBP). Methods: Research was ...conducted from March 2005 to December 2018. Patients with chronic low back pain formed the statistical population of this study. The keywords were Pilates together with low back pain, chronic low back pain, and back pain. The Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SID databases were searched for relevant literature. Results: Nineteen papers, including 15 high quality and 4 poor quality papers, were assessed. The results showed that Pilates exercises had a significant and high effect size (p =0.000) on disability in comparison with the control group (Hedges g=1.183) as well as a significant (p =0.000) and medium effect size compared with the exercise group (Hedges g=0.526). When the durability of the Pilates exercise effect was assessed in the follow-up period, a significant and low effect size (p =0.017) was found in the Pilates group compared with the control group (Hedges g=0.488). Conclusion Pilates exercises improved the stability of patients with LBP compared to the control group. The effect of Pilates exercises decreased during follow-up after 13 weeks of inactivity. Pilates exercises are more effective than other types of exercise. Equipment Pilates exercises have a greater effect than mat Pilates on disability improvement during the follow-up periods; thus, it is advisable for therapists to use Pilates-based equipment exercises to increase the stability of patients with LBP.
Pilates has been known as exercise intervention that improves the function of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) associated with impacting urinary incontinence (UI). This study investigated the effect of ...Pilates on UI in Korean women by determining the change in functional movement of PFM (FMP) and metabolic profiles. UI group with Pilates (UIP,
= 13) participated in 8-weeks Oov Pilates program, and 8 subjects were assigned to Control and UI group with no Pilates (UINP), respectively. Before and after 8 weeks, plasma samples were collected from all participants, and ultrasonography was used to measure the functional change of PFM for calculating FMP ratio. Plasma samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify the change of metabolic features. After 8-weeks intervention, FMP ratio was remarkably decreased in UIP (48.1% ↓,
< 0.001), but not in Control and UINP (
> 0.05). In metabolic features, L-Glutamine (
/
: 147.07 M + H
), L-Cystathionine (
/
: 240.09 M + NH
), L-Arginine (
/
: 197.1 M + Na
), and L-1-Pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate (
/
: 147.07 M + NH
) were significantly elevated solely in UIP (
< 0.001). Our study elucidated that Pilates can ameliorate the FMP and enhance the specific metabolic characteristics, which was potentially associated with invigorated PFM contractility to effectively control the bladder base and continence.
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