This study investigates aspects of leadership in projects intended to improve the physical indoor and outdoor play environments in kindergartens. The study is based on 16 interviews with head ...teachers and pedagogical leaders in eight kindergartens across Norway, focusing on their experiences as leaders during these projects. The kindergartens and the authors are involved in the research project EnCompetence (Sandseter, 2017). The purpose of this study is to highlight aspects of leadership that are crucial when transforming physical environments for play and to identify the challenges and success factors in such processes. Analysis of the interviews demonstrates that improving a physical environment involves a series of complex and demanding processes directly affected by leadership. Moreover, it shows that physical changes involve not only environments and materials, but also basic pedagogical issues. The results are discussed related to theories of leadership, learning organizations and leadership for change.
This study analyzes the activity level and nature of organized football training (deliberate practice, DPR), compared with when children play football on their own (deliberate play, DPL), in a sample ...of selected (YT) and non-selected (BT) talents. A total of 29 observations were analyzed over 2650 min, focusing on the kind of activity, variability, and intensity of the training. In DPL, there are more finishing on goal, involvement, and challenges in 1:1 situation, and more ball touches and ball transport in games, compared with DPR. Additionally, DPL has more activity time (68% vs. 56%) and fewer breaks overall (32% vs. 44%). In DPL, children spend more time playing against each other (92% vs. 36%), and most of the time there are games or finishing on goal. In DPR, children spend more time playing together with someone (2% vs. 44%) and in passing and receiving the ball. DPR training contains more standardized exercises and protected situations. DPR-YT training differs from DPR-BT training with less activity time, ball touches, attempts on goal, and 1:1 situations. In conclusion, the results support DPL providing more football-specific activity. More DPR training at the expense of DPL might reduce practice time for skill development.
This article, written in the context of the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil, draws on the imaginary proposition of the destructive character, present in Walter Benjamin’s writings, which points to ...historical and temporal condensations where the world is tested in its vocation for destruction. In this article, we seek to operationalize the game that makes up the relationship between the image of a necessary destruction for the opening of the new, and the possibility of operationalizing a retroversive gesture of the narrative that is made through the alliance with childhood, that is, transforming the ways to tell the story and pass through the present time. For this, we go through a critique of a hegemonic conception of childhood that silences it by docilization, and we support ourselves on a political conception of childhood. Among what collapses, children are heirs to the survival of the art of storytelling, facing the accelerated temporality of information, reviving the potential to make these distant narratives a certain raw material to guide the present and the future. We also use literary productions carried out by children in Latin America that offer us the image of the face of something that we are, and call us to reparation for the possibility of retelling part of our history
This RCT study examined efficacy of a preschool peer social intervention (PPSI) in facilitating social engagement of preschoolers with high-functioning ASD (HFASD;
N
= 65). HFASD participants were ...randomly assigned by preschool to a 6-month intervention (play, interaction, or conversation) or a waitlisted-treatment-as-usual control group. Trained on-site therapists led the PPSI in preschools, in small (
n
= 3–4) mixed (HFASD/typical) groups. Results showed that all intervention groups improved over time, each mainly in its own targeted peer-engagement domain, but the control group even deteriorated on some measures. Intervention groups also showed generalization to untrained domains (adaptive skills) and settings (play complexity during preschool activities). It is advised that individualized needs-based holistic peer intervention, comprising all three domains, should be part of early ASD intervention.
When facing social exclusion, children seek to strengthen existing social connections and form new ones. This study asked whether they also make strategic choices about the targets of their ...affiliative goals. Three‐ to six‐year‐olds (N = 69; 36 female; mostly non‐Hispanic White) observed characters acting inclusively or exclusively. All ages viewed excluders more negatively than includers, but only five‐ and six‐year‐olds preferred includers as play partners. Despite easily detecting and remembering exclusion events, younger children expressed no play partner preference. Children's verbal justifications revealed that older children choose partners more carefully and draw on a richer understanding of exclusion. More generally, the initial dissociation between social evaluation and preference formation underscores that these are distinct processes with different developmental trajectories.
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with 2 main symptoms of social and communication deficits and stereotyped behaviors. Pretend play and theory of mind (ToM) ...have an essential role in a child’s cognitive and social development. Objectives: In this study, different variables of pretend play with levels of ToM were examined in 2 groups of typical children and children with autism. Methods: In this case-control observational study, 45 typical children and 18 children with autism aged 5 to 7 years participated. For both groups, the ToM test was performed to measure the levels of ToM, and the child-initiated pretend play assessment (ChIPPA) was performed to analyze the pretend plays in both groups. Both tests were performed directly on children, and the scores were recorded by the examiner. Results: The results showed a significant positive relationship between the total score of ToM and pretend play. In children with autism, there was no difference between the ToM scores regarding age (P > 0.05). There was also a significant relationship between the levels of ToM, percentage of elaborate pretend actions (PEPA), and the number of object substitutions (NOS; P < 0.001). The scores of the ToM and pretend play levels of children with autism and typical children were significantly different (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the findings, the ToM and pretend play levels were lower in ASD children than in typical children. In addition, children who had higher PEPA scores and better NOS had higher ToM scores.
The Plug-and-play (PnP) technique enables us to plug image priors into an ADMM framework for solving a regularized optimization problem. Deep image priors have shown their flexibility and robustness ...in solving several image inverse problems. Hyperspectral image (HSI) super-resolution problem is an ill-posed inverse problem that aims to obtain a high-resolution HSI (HR-HSI) by combining the information of low-resolution HSI (LR-HSI) and HR multispectral image simultaneously. This paper proposes a hyperspectral and multispectral image fusion framework termed E2E-fusion, plugged with a self-supervised deep learning prior called Eigenimage2Eigenimage . Firstly, the spectral low-rank structure of HSIs is exploited via subspace representations of spectra vectors. Meanwhile, benefiting from the high quality of the first eigenimage (i.e., representation coefficients), we design a self-supervised deep eigenimage guidance network image prior, E2E. By using the PnP technique, we plugged the E2E prior into the ADMM fusion framework to update the optimal objective function iteratively. The numerical experimental results both on the simulated datasets and real datasets demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than state-of-the-art fusion methods.
Although decorticated rats are able to engage in play, their play is abnormal in three ways. First, decorticates do not display the normal, age-related shifts in defensive strategies during ...development. Second, decorticates do not modify their defensive tactics in response to the social identity of their partners. Third, decorticates display a global shift in defensive tactics from more complex to less complex strategies. It has been shown that lesions of the motor cortex (MC) selectively produce the abnormal developmental effects on play, and that lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) selectively produce the deficits in behavioral discrimination between social partners. In the current set of experiments, we demonstrate that lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) produce the shift from more complex to less complex defensive tactics, while leaving intact the age-related and partner-related modulation of defensive strategies. Thus, we have evidence for a triple dissociation of function between the MC, the OFC, and the mPFC with respect to social play behavior.
This exploratory, observational study was designed to reveal descriptive information regarding therapists' actual practices with preschool‐ and school‐aged children in a single session of family ...therapy and to investigate change mechanisms in family play therapy that have been proposed to make this approach effective. A purposive sample of 30 families receiving family therapy was recruited and video‐taped during a family session where at least one child between the ages of 4 and 12 was present. Following the session, the therapist and parent(s) completed questionnaires while one of the children (aged 4–12) was interviewed. Session recordings were coded, minute‐by‐minute, for participant talk time, visual aids or props used, and therapy technique type (e.g., play‐based/activity vs. talk‐only techniques). Hierarchical regression and canonical correlational analyses revealed evidence supporting the theory that play‐based techniques promote young children's participation, enhance the quality of the child–therapist relationship, and build positive emotional experiences in family therapy.
디지털 놀이치료에 대한 국내 놀이치료자의 인식 연구 박소연; Park¸ So Youn; 최수빈 ...
한국놀이치료학회지,
08/2023, Letnik:
26, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
본 연구는 디지털 놀이치료에 대한 국내 놀이치료자의 인식, 임상 적용 실태, 교육 요구에 대해 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 놀이치료 관련 석사과정 이상의 학력을 보유하고 한 사례 이상의 놀이치료를 진행한 115명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 25.0과 내용분석을 통하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 놀이치료자의 ...82.6%는 디지털 놀이치료에 대해 전혀 모르거나 거의 모르고 있음을 확인하였다. 디지털 놀이치료를 ‘디지털 매체 활용 놀이치료’, ‘원격 또는 비대면 놀이치료’, ‘온라인 게임 놀이치료’라고 정의하였다. 디지털 놀이치료에 대한 인상은 중립 42.8%, 부정 31.0%, 긍정 26.2%였으며 놀이치료자의 82.6%는 디지털 놀이치료의 도입이 필요하다고 인식하였다. 둘째, 디지털 놀이치료를 임상 현장에 적용하는 놀이치료자는 25.1%였고 내담자의 관심사를 검색하고 공유하는 방식을 활용한다는 응답이 가장 많았다. 셋째, 놀이치료자의 90.4%는 디지털 놀이치료 교육에 관심이 있다고 응답했다. 마지막으로 디지털 놀이치료 교육의 방향성과 놀이치료자의 윤리적 태도에 관한 시사점을 제시하고, 연구의 제한점을 기술하였다. 본 연구는 디지털 놀이치료에 대한 국내 놀이치료사의 인식 및 활용에 관한 실태를 탐색하고 후속 연구를 위한 기초자료를 마련하였다는 데에 의의가 있다.
This study aimed to explore the awareness levels of Korean play therapists regarding Digital Play Therapy(hereafter DPT), its clinical application status, and educational demands. A survey was conducted with 115 participants who had completed graduate-level education in play therapy and had experience conducting at least one play therapy case. The collected data were analyzed by means of both SPSS 25.0 and content analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, it was found that 82.6% of Korean play therapists had little to no knowledge about DPT. They defined DPT as ‘play therapy utilizing digital media, online games, artificial intelligence(AI), virtual reality(VR),’ and ‘remote or non-face-to-face play therapy.’ Second, 25.1% of play therapists applied DPT in clinical settings, with the highest response. This pointed to the utilization of searching and sharing the topics of interest among their clients. Third, 90.4% of play therapists expressed an interest in DPT education. Finally, the implications regarding the direction of DPT education and ethical attitudes of play therapists were discussed. This study provides a number of interesting insights into the awareness levels and utilization of DPT among Korean play therapists, serving as a foundational resource for future research on DPT.
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