Objective: to study the types of corruption. To research sources of corruption and defects of corruption control mechanism. To propose ways of solving the problem of corruption.Methods: methods of ...analysis, synthesis, analogy and summarizing were used.Result: The reveals the imperfections of the systemic mechanism of corruption counteraction and analyzes its causes. The stages and scope of imperfections are also indentified. The world economical inequality, which determines the lawmakers’ activities, is a big concern of corrup- tion controlling system. Biometric signature may be used as individual identification at all finance-related performance will identify the corrupt personals at all levels.Scientific novelty: As it is stated in the article, many dimensions of corruptions may be eliminated with the help of regulatory devices or a total digital controlling system.Practical significance: introduction of the digital controlling system will allow to identify and control the corrupt officials at all levels and help to efficient struggle against corruption.
Following recent research (e.g. Debski et al., 2018; Eggers, Vivyan, and Wagner, 2018; Esarey and Schwindt-Bayer, 2018) on the link between perceived corruption and women in government, I have ...identified and provided empirical evidence that women are less predisposed to get involved in the wrongful utilization of public posts for personal gain. Using data from Afrobarometer, Gallup, Transparency International, UNDP, UNIFEM, WEF etc., I performed analyses and made estimates regarding distribution by gender of civil servants with regard to the manifestations of corruption existing in public administration. Keywords: gender inequality; political democracy; electoral accountability
Television has played a central role as a tool through which to imagine and re-imagine the South African nation, family and selfhood, and to 'fix' these same categories. From the apartheid state's ...blacking out of healthy everyday life images of black families, through the efforts of founding a 'new' nation using the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, to modern day therapeutic talk shows, television has progressively placed less salience on the 'nation' and more on family and interpersonal relationships within this social unit. Self-disclosure on television, especially through a talk show significantly called Relate, ironically reveals and occludes legacies of class and racial differentiations with their attendant socio-economic imbalances. Talking about personal affect to 'fix' one's problems on national television emerges as an instrumental undertaking that appears to benefit guests to the show but perhaps not as much as it does the production company and South African Broadcasting Corporation, suggesting that the participants are being exploited. Be that as it may,
Relate
emerges as an exercise in the interiorization of control, as well as an invitation to undertake serious dialogue about interpersonal intimacy.
At the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, socialist democracy and harmony was defined as part of China's national modernisation goal to be accomplished within the first two ...decades of the 21st century. China has since developed a series of new regulations and initiatives aiming at increasing governance transparency and encouraging citizenry participation. This article discusses citizenry participation under the backdrop of the contemporary Chinese society. Drawing on recent internet development and application data, the article discusses opportunities and challenges of using internet as a platform to promote political democracy in China. Strategies to deal with the perceived challenge are articulated based on critiques on Habermas's ideal of public sphere and Paulo Freire's theory of participatory communication. The proposition this article argues for is that participation is not a gift bestowed by the government to its citizenry. It is a societal action performed by the citizen. The perception of participation as a societal action implies two crucial aspects of constructive participation, namely responsibility and capability of participation.
Globalization and democracy NAYYAR, DEEPAK
Brazilian Journal of Political Economy,
09/2015, Letnik:
35, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
ABSTRACTThe gathering momentum of globalization in the world economy has coincided with the spread of political democracy across countries. Economies have become global. But politics remains ...national. This essay explores the relationship between globalization and democracy, which is neither linear nor characterized by structural rigidities. It seeks to analyze how globalization might constrain degrees of freedom for nation states and space for democratic politics, and how political democracy within countries might exercise some checks and balances on markets and globalization. The essential argument is that the relationship between globalization and democracy is dialectical and does not conform to ideological caricatures.
RESUMOO impulso da globalização na economia mundial coincidiu com o aumento da democracia política entre os países. A economia tornou-se global, mas a política continua a ser nacional. Este ensaio explora a relação entre globalização e democracia, que não é nem linear e nem caracterizada pela rigidez estrutural. Pretende-se analisar como a globalização pode restringir os graus de liberdade dos Estados-nação e o espaço para a política democrática, e como a democracia política dentro de cada país pode exercer alguns controles e equilíbrios dos mercados e da globalização. O argumento essencial é que a relação entre globalização e democracia é dialética e não se adapta à caricaturas ideológicas.
This theory-based study tests the interactive impacts of the demands of thermal climate and wealth resources on variations in privileged culture represented by mental health, personal freedom, and ...political democracy. Multiple regression analysis of aggregated survey data covering 106 countries shows that cultures vary from minimally privileged in poor countries with demanding climates (e.g., Azerbaijan and Belarus) to maximally privileged in rich countries with demanding climates (e.g., Canada and Finland). In between those extremes, moderate degrees of privileged culture prevail in poor and rich countries with undemanding climates (e.g., Colombia and Singapore). Rival explanations and competing predictors, including degrees of agrarianism versus capitalism, latitude and longitude, and parasitic disease burden, could not account for these findings in support of the burgeoning climato-economic theory of culture.
From a political viewpoint, education in a modern society can be said to have two functions. On the one hand, it takes care of the social reproduction; on the other, it represents society's capacity ...for self-reflection and conscious (political) change. Therefore, when the members of a society deliberate on educational aims and their justification, we could say that this society reflects upon itself. The essay discusses whether contemporary Western societies are still capable of such self-reflection and deliberation. By comparing ancient Athenian democracy with contemporary political arrangements, important connections between education and democracy are put into relief. A central question is whether democratic qualities - notably political responsibility and 'the quest for truth' - are still able to provide meaning in such a way that the most important problems of our time will be met by political action.
Macroeconomics and Human Development Nayyar, Deepak
Journal of human development and capabilities,
02/2012, Letnik:
13, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article analyses the interactions between macroeconomics, in terms of objectives and policies, and human development, which is about the well-being of people. Each can, and often does, exercise ...a significant influence on the other. Macroeconomics matters for human development because it determines the level of employment, the degree of social protection and the public provision of services such as healthcare or education. Human development has implications and consequences for macroeconomics, for it can mobilize or claim resources to enlarge or diminish space for macroeconomic policies. The relationship exists, and matters, not only in poor countries but also in rich countries. Employment, even if neglected, provides the critical link. The paper shows that the causation runs in both directions and could be either positive or negative. It also reveals similarities and differences between developing countries and industrialized countries. The political context is significant, everywhere, as interests, ideology and institutions influence economic policies in both spheres to shape outcomes.
The article deals with the political thought of the young Spanish philosopher and intellectual, José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955). The main aim is to examine to what extent his political thought was ...articulated in a systematic manner, and to understand if it was meant to be practically implemented. Ortega's political thought has been described as liberal on the one hand, and anti-democratic and conservative on the other. The disparities regarding Ortega's politics usually arise from his declarations, which aimed to confront the changing social and political situation in Spain. To many researchers, these declarations seem incoherent, evolutionary, or ideas that can be directly deduced from the evolution of his philosophical theory. The extent to which Ortega's political theory was systematic will be understood through focusing on the role designed for the Spanish intellectuals in Ortega's declarations and works. Instead of considering his political thought in relation to either his philosophy or the political events and changing circumstances in Spain, I will attempt to examine how, during the years of his youth, his political declarations were always guided by a consistent feature with a practical political purpose: to challenge the Spanish intellectuals to promote social awareness of and reflection on the country's problems, and to consider potential solutions to these problems.
PDF
