The incapacity of the South African political system to respond effectively to the HIV epidemic in the years between 1994 and 2004 is just as astonishing as the sheer magnitude of the public health ...crisis in democratic South Africa. The lack of an effective reaction challenges Amartya Sen's argument that a political democracy cannot afford to ignore a major disaster within its own borders as well as raising significant questions about the public place of scientific argument in a developing country.
Quantitative researches on the relationship between economic development and political democracy have failed to deal adequately with the lag of the effect of economic development. By using the ...panel-vector autoregression model, this article relaxes the assumptions on lag selection as well as those on causal direction. The Granger causality test, impulse response function, variance decomposition and other procedures of panel Vector-Autoregression (VAR) are used to display the lagged pattern of the relationship between economic development and the level of democracy and to deliver the information for causal inference about the two variables. The analytic result confirms the contribution of economic progress to political advancement, but that contribution consistently proves to be a delayed one.
Neoliberalism has been the defining paradigm in global health since the latter part of the twentieth century. What started as an untested and unproven theory that the creation of unfettered markets ...would give rise to political democracy led to policies that promoted the belief that private markets were the optimal agents for the distribution of social goods, including health care. A vivid illustration of the infiltration of neoliberal ideology into the design and implementation of development programs, this case study, set in post-Soviet Tajikistan's remote eastern province of Badakhshan, draws on extensive ethnographic and historical material to examine a "revolving drug fund" program—used by numerous nongovernmental organizations globally to address shortages of high-quality pharmaceuticals in poor communities. Provocative, rigorous, and accessible, Blind Spot offers a cautionary tale about the forces driving decision making in health and development policy today, illustrating how the privatization of health care can have catastrophic outcomes for some of the world's most vulnerable populations.
Los conflictos y reivindicaciones de los movimientos sociales, políticamente representables, durante la transición democrática de los 80, entran en crisis con el modelo de acumulación y concentración ...de riqueza, inaugurado por la dominación neoliberal durante los 90, dando lugar al ciclo de movilizaciones de protesta, que agravan la crisis de todo el sistema de representación política (elecciones, partidos, congreso), el que degenera en un fenómeno nuevo: el representativismo político. El imperativo de “gobernabilidad” de la protesta, la acumulación y concentración de poderes ejecutivos, para un mejor gobierno económico de la política, reforzaron los poderes del hiperpresidencialismo y la formación de una democracia caudillista, que en Ecuador adoptó una orientación contra-neoliberal.
This introductory chapter provides an overview of objectivity, the presence of which is evidently required for basic justice, honest government, and true knowledge. It differentiates disciplinary ...objectivity from mechanical objectivity. Mechanical objectivity has been a favorite of positivist philosophers, and it has a powerful appeal to the wider public. A faith in objectivity tends to be associated with political democracy, or at least with systems in which bureaucratic actors are highly vulnerable to outsiders. The appeal of numbers is especially compelling to bureaucratic officials who lack the mandate of a popular election, or divine right. Arbitrariness and bias are the most usual grounds upon which such officials are criticized. A decision made by the numbers (or by explicit rules of some other sort) has at least the appearance of being fair and impersonal. Scientific objectivity thus provides an answer to a moral demand for impartiality and fairness. Quantification is a way of making decisions without seeming to decide. Objectivity lends authority to officials who have very little of their own.
Knowledge and democracy1 Craig, A. P
South African journal of higher education,
01/1999, Letnik:
13, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this article I question the ways in which we in South Africa take over and mix institutions and discourses from elsewhere in particular epistemic games and (political) democracy. I believe that we ...need to preserve much about the enlightenment (in particular modern thinking about knowing and knowledge) and that post-modern thinking too easily awakens faith in pre modern modes of thought and forms of life, the latter being antithetical to the kind of reason I believe is needed to harness the future.
Knowledge and democracy1 Craig, A. P.
South African journal of higher education,
1999, Letnik:
13, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this article I question the ways in which we in South Africa take over and mix institutions and discourses from elsewhere in particular epistemic games and (political) democracy. I believe that we ...need to preserve much about the enlightenment (in particular modern thinking about knowing and knowledge) and that post-modern thinking too easily awakens faith in pre modern modes of thought and forms of life, the latter being antithetical to the kind of reason I believe is needed to harness the future.
Greece and Hong Kong Wong, Yue Chim Richard
Fixing Inequality in Hong Kong,
02/2017
Book Chapter
Both Greece and Hong Kong have unified exchange rate regimes. Greece, as a member of the Eurozone, uses the euro as its local monetary unit. Hong Kong, under the linked exchange rate regime, uses a ...local monetary unit with its currency fully backed by the US dollar at a fixed rate. As a consequence, both economies have surrendered monetary independence to an external monetary authority. Both have committed to not using currency devaluation or revaluation as a policy tool for stabilizing their economies when they are struck by financial and economic shocks. The only way they could regain monetary independence would be, in Greece’s case, exiting the Eurozone and reissuing the drachma, and in Hong Kong’s case, breaking the linked exchange rate and putting in place an alternative monetary arrangement for issuing the Hong Kong dollar. An economy that has joined a unified exchange rate regime will face situations from time to time when the requirements of global economic integration will be in conflict with the requirements of a political democracy.
Russia’s power and competitiveness Rukavishnikov, Vladimir
Međunarodni problemi (Srpskohrvatsko izd.),
2007, Letnik:
59, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The revival of the Russia?s power and improvement of the country?s competitiveness are declared as the main goals of the present Russian administration. The evolution of the Russian power from the ...early 19th until the early 21st century is presented in the first section of this article. The analysis reveals why the present-day Russia is far weaker than in the 1970s when the Soviet power was bigger than the American one. The position of Russia in the rating of the global economic competitiveness is a key issue of the second section. In the final section the Russia?s goals for the future are discussed.
Sadasnja ruska administracija je objavila da su njeni glavni ciljevi ponovno sticanje moci Rusije i povecanje njene konkurentnosti. U prvom delu rada je prikazana evolucija ruske moci od pocetka 19. do samog pocetka 21. veka. U analizi se ukazuje zasto je sadasnja Rusija daleko slabija drzava od one iz sedamdesetih godina 20. veka kada je sovjetska moc bila veca od americke. Relativno niska pozicija Rusije na lestvici globalne ekonomske konkurentnosti je kljucno pitanje koje autor razmatra u drugom delu rada. U poslednjem delu clanka se govori o ciljevima za buducnost Rusije.
Busca-se argumentar neste artigo que o movimento político-militar de abril de 1964 representou, de um lado, um golpe contra as reformas sociais que eram defendidas por setores progressistas da ...sociedade brasileira e, de outro, um golpe contra a incipiente democracia política nascida em 1945.
It is our intention in this article to demonstrate that the beginning of the military dictatorship in 1964 represented on one hand a blow against social reforms defended by brazilian progressist groups and on the other hand a blow against the inchoate political democracy established in 1945.
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