This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of corruption and its primary economic and political determinants. Economic freedom and development are found to lower incidences of corruption. Of ...notable significance, this study finds empirical evidence of a non-linear relationship between a country’s level of democracy and corruption. Extreme authoritarian regimes are found to have lower corruption levels than hybrid regimes, but past a certain threshold democracy inhibits corruption. More importantly the analysis in this paper finds that the economic and political actions of a country have a significant impact on corruption levels worldwide.
Članak razmatra pojam demokracije Johna Deweya u odnosu na ranije (Marx) i suvremene (Giddens, Beck) radikalno ljevičarske ideje. Ističu se slična epistemološka, antropološka i politička stajališta u ...ovim teorijama. Vrlo je važno odbacivanje ili podcjenjivanje političke demokracije i naglasak na demokratskom životu s ciljem stvaranja novog društva, posve drukčijeg od postojećih društava. Članak je podijeljen u tri dijela. Prvi dio istražuje razumijevanje demokracije kao nepolitičkog fenomena i kao sinonima za novi oblik ljudske egzistencije u mladog Marxa te kasnijim stavovima Marxa i Lenjina o demokraciji kao »hipokriziji«. Drugi dio analizira Deweyev pojam demokracije kao »načina povezanog življenja« i skreće pozornost na neke značajne podudarnosti i, također, razlike spram Marxovih ranih ideja. Treći dio razmatra razumijevanje demokratskog društva kao identičnog s globalnim društvom u kojem komunikacija među ljudima nije ograničena političkim granicama. U ovom se pitanju također prepoznaju značajne podudarnosti u mišljenju Marxa, Deweya i nekih suvremenih mislilaca (Giddens, Beck). Zaključak je da su politička demokracija i demokratsko društvo kompatibilni, no ideja neke vrste novog nepolitičkog demokratskog društva osim globalnog društva se smatra nerealističnom.
Discursive ethics or communicative ethics were born in the seventies fathered by K.O. Apel and J. Habermas, and today they are widely known; it is a current of such life and vigour that its very ...creators have engaged in lively polemics. This paper, starting from K.O. Apel' s texts, attempts to explore in what measure this discursive ethics provides philosophical foundations for political democracy and to determine the basic elements necessary for the construction of a universal ethics.
La ética discursiva o ética comunicativa nace en los años setenta de nuestro siglo de la mano de K.O. Apel y J. Habermas y hoy en día se encuentra ampliamente difundida; hasta tal punto se trata de una corriente llena de vida, que entre sus mismos creadores se producen vivas polémicas. En el artículo se intenta, a partir de los trabajos de K. O. Apel, mostrar en qué medida esta ética discursiva fundamenta filosóficamente una democracia política y puede precisar los elementos básicos necesarios para la construcción de una ética universal.
It has long been recognized that freedom of opinion is an essential precondition for political democracy. Freedom of opinion first developed within the nature of freedom of religion. Against the ...powerful church and against its important ally the state, the claim to freedom of religion was first launched as an attack to protect the individual in one of the most personal spheres of human identity and belief. Georg Jellinek has argued that the natural-law theory which came to recognize freedom of religion is at the basis of the movement towards striving for civil and fundamental rights. This theory has not met with general approval, but one cannot overlook that freedom of religion was the basis of some of the most influential political movements to establish early democratic governments.1
In its recommendations for the use of material collected through the UNESCO inquiry into ideological conflicts, the Committee of Experts, which met in May 1949, suggested that an analytical survey of ...agreements and disagreements explicit or implicit in the material be worked out and published along with a selection of significant contributions received in response to the inquiry. On the following pages an attempt will be made to trace the outlines of such an analysis.
This chapter contains sections titled:
Feudalism and Democracy
Socioeconomic Inequality and Democracy
Civil Society and Democracy
Conclusion
References
This chapter contains sections titled:
The Explanatory Power of Political Culture
Explaining Political Culture
Renaissance of Political Culture
Ethnic Politics and Nationalism
The Effects of Culture ...and Ethnicity on Democracy
References
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