As the coordinator of the Department of Political and Social Philosophy at the Institute of Social Theory of the Romanian Academy (now ISPRI), Carmen Diaconescu initiated and rigorously executed ...research programs. She supported her colleagues' projects, encouraged them to pursue PhDs, write and publish their books, and facilitated open dialogue on philosophical and cultural issues. Additionally, she provided books to her colleagues. She initiated the Encyclopedia of Fundamental Works of Political Philosophy project, which was published in several volumes by ISPRI.
Ideal and Nonideal Theory SIMMONS, A. JOHN
Philosophy & public affairs,
Winter 2010, Letnik:
38, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
One of the many distinctions introduced in John Rawls's monumental work, A Theory of Justice, was that between the ideal and the nonideal theories of justice. Like many of Rawls's dichotomies, this ...one has come to frame much subsequent discussion in moral and political philosophy, and use of the Rawlsian terminology has become perfectly commonplace. Here, Simmons examines some possible alternative approaches to the ideal-nonideal distinction and suggests some reasons for favoring the Rawlsian approach.
Ronald Inglhart's modernization theory provides a model of global value change, with affirmation of specific national paths of change. The paper considered the importance of the index of ...postmaterialism as a key element of the self-expression dimension. The distribution of (post)materialistic values in Serbia is presented based on data from the European Values Study and World Values Study from 2001, 2005 and 2008. The data indicate the presence of a stable structure in which the mixed and materialistic type predominates.The influence of sociodemographic factors on postmaterialism was examined by applying the regression analysis to the data from 2008. The results indicate a significant influence of the age, level of education and size of the city, while the impact of the amount of income is not statistically significant. The obtained results support Inglhart's theory of values, but do not exclude the effect of the life cycle.
The article is devoted to the study of the civil and political origins of the virtues in the concepts of the Middle Stoa and the reasons that led to their gradual transformation into the universal ...personal virtues of the "stoic sage" in the Late Stoa. The formation of politically oriented virtues was formulated and spread largely under the influence of the activities of the Scipionic Circle. The study found that the departure from political orientation was accompanied by a gradual rejection of the idea of the elitism of the "virtuous man", whose moral image was largely sanctified by the "heroic ideals" of belonging to the "divine" Rome. Historical changes have led to the fact that public life is gradually ceasing to be a "common cause" both in political terms and as a proper moral ideal. The ideas of civic virtues are losing their relevance. This contributed to a shift in emphasis on issues of personal morality, when moral self-education, both in the sense of teaching and forming oneself as a virtuous person, takes on a universal character, since it becomes the lot and personal concern of everyone. This finds expression in the ideas of the Late Stoa, whose ethical ideals are becoming increasingly popular in modern society.
Политическая философия диона хризостома Danilova, Valeria
SHOLE. Filosofskoe antikovedenie i klassičeskaâ tradiciâ,
2023, Letnik:
XVII, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The paper deals with Dio Chrysostom’s political orations to figure out his attitude to kingship, tyranny and others forms of government. The content analysis of the discourses reveals which virtues ...of the king are considered the most important. Constructing the image of the ideal king, Dio used such mythological and historical examples as Heracles and Alexander the Great. Dio tried to influence the emperor Trajan to make the ruler follow the advices of wise men. The political thinking of Dio Chrysostom can’t be referred to the definite philosophical doctrine as he took his ideas from different teachings (Socrates and his successors, the Stoics, the Cynics, and Homer as well) and adopted them to the modern political situation in the Roman Empire.
If we don’t know what the words “democracy” and “democratic” mean, then we don’t know what democracy is. This book defends a radical view: these words mean nothing and should be abandoned. The ...argument for abolitionism is simple: those terms are defective and we can easily do better, so let’s get rid of them. According to the abolitionist, the switch to alternative devices would be a significant communicative, cognitive, and political advance. The first part of the book presents a general theory of abandonment: the conditions under which language should be abandoned. The rest of the book applies this general theory to the case of “democracy” and “democratic”. The book shows that “democracy” and “democratic” are semantically, pragmatically, and communicatively defective. Abolitionism is not all gloom and doom. It also contains a message of good cheer: we have easy access to conceptual devices that are more effective than “democracy”. We can do better. These alternative linguistic devices will enable us to ask better questions, provide genuinely fruitful answers, and have more rational discussions. Moreover, those questions and answers better articulate the communicative and cognitive aims of those who use empty terms such as “democracy” and “democratic”.
This open access textbook introduces and defines digital humanism from a diverse range of disciplines. Following the 2019 Vienna Manifesto, the book calls for a digital humanism that describes, ...analyzes, and, most importantly, influences the complex interplay of technology and humankind, for a better society and life, fully respecting universal human rights. The book is organized in three parts: Part I “Background” provides the multidisciplinary background needed to understand digital humanism in its philosophical, cultural, technological, historical, social, and economic dimensions. The goal is to present the necessary knowledge upon which an effective interdisciplinary discourse on digital humanism can be founded. Part II “Digital Humanism – a System’s View” focuses on an in-depth presentation and discussion of the main digital humanism concerns arising in current digital systems. The goal of this part is to make readers aware and sensitive to these issues, including e.g. the control and autonomy of AI systems, privacy and security, and the role of governance. Part III “Critical and Societal Issues of Digital Systems” delves into critical societal issues raised by advances of digital technologies. While the public debate in the past has often focused on them separately, especially when they became visible through sensational events the aim here is to shed light on the entire landscape and show their interconnected relationships. This includes issues such as AI and ethics, fairness and bias, privacy and surveillance, platform power and democracy. This textbook is intended for students, teachers, and policy makers interested in digital humanism. It is designed for stand-alone and for complementary courses in computer science, or curricula in science, engineering, humanities and social sciences. Each chapter includes questions for students and an annotated reading list to dive deeper into the associated chapter material. The book aims to provide readers with as wide an exposure as possible to digital advances and their consequences for humanity. It includes constructive ideas and approaches that seek to ensure that our collective digital future is determined through human agency.
Rechtspopulismus und Autoritarismus, Auseinandersetzungen um »Identitätspolitik«, die Digitalisierung der öffentlichen Debatte und die Macht von Verschwörungstheorien führen zu tiefgreifenden ...sozialen, kulturellen und politischen Transformationsprozessen. Für die Untersuchung dieser Transformationen sind die Theorien des Politischen und der radikalen Demokratie besonders geeignet, da sie die grundsätzliche Fragilität der liberalen Ordnung analysieren. Fraglich ist jedoch, ob die radikaldemokratische Forderung nach einer Disruption der liberalen Ordnung die richtige Antwort auf die beschriebenen Transformationen ist. Die Beiträge unternehmen eine kritische Revision der Theorien des Politischen und erschließen damit das gegenwartsanalytische Potential radikaldemokratischer Ansätze für die 2020er Jahre.
Nicht erst seit dem Aufkommen des Begriffs der »Cancel Culture« scheint es, als könne man schlicht nicht mehr miteinander reden. Die unterschiedlichen Konzeptionen von Ziel und Methode, also von der ...Strategie gesellschaftlicher Auseinandersetzungen, variieren so stark, dass sie schlicht nicht mehr kommensurabel sind. Diese Situation lässt sich als das Resultat einer langen Geschichte strategischer Entwürfe und Gegenentwürfe begreifen. Christopher Jakob Rudoll gibt anhand der Beispiele von Marxismus, Katholizismus und Feminismus einen systematischen Überblick über Debattenkulturen in Theorie und Praxis seit den 1920er-Jahren - und hilft somit, die aktuelle Sprachlosigkeit besser zu verstehen.
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