Pradinėje Europos integracijos stadijoje apie bendrą švietimo politiką nebuvo kalbama. Pirmosios iniciatyvos švietimo politikai koordinuoti atsirado 1976 metais. 1991 metais Mastrichto sutartis ...galutinai suformulavo Europos Sąjungos švietimo politikos principus. Europos Sąjunga nereglamentuoja i ją įeinančių šalių ugdymo turinio ir švietimo organizavimo principų. Bendra politika įgyvendinama tik per įvairias švietimui skirtas tarptautines programas. Pastaruoju metu i šias programas įsitraukia ir Rytų bei Vidurio Europos šalys. Šioms šalims keliami tam tikri reikalavimai, rekomenduojantys pertvarkyti savo ugdymo programas, mokytojų rengimą bei švietimo juridinę bazę. Toks „dvejopų standartų” taikymas kelia tam tikrų abejonių. Juk Rytų bei Vidurio Europos šalys turi tokias pat gilias, šimtmečius besitęsiančias švietimo tradicijas, kaip ir dabartinės Europos Sąjungos narės. Antra vertus, bendros programos gali padėti paspartinti švietimo reformas Rytų bei Vidurio Europoje.
Ciljevi ovog rada su: 1) odrediti ključne promjene u procesu razvoja Zajedničke ribarstvene politike EU (ZRP) i hrvatske ribarstvene politike te 2) opisati strukturu i dinamiku kretanja ...makroekonomskih i proračunskih pokazatelja vezanih uz hrvatsko ribarstvo u razdoblju 2007.-2016. U radu je korištena povijesna metoda i deskriptivna analiza makroekonomskog stanja i strukture proračuna. ZRP je službeno uveden 1983. godine s namjerom da predstavlja zajednički sustav upravljanja ribarstvom u ime svih zemalja članica. Ciljevi ZRP-a bili su: riješiti konflikte zemalja članica na morima, osigurati stabilnost sektora ribarstva, spriječiti totalno uništenje ribljih stokova i osigurati ribarima bolju kvalitetu života. Međutim, ZRP je redovito na meti kritika zbog nedovoljne primjene okolišnih mjera i znanstvenih sugestija kao i zbog nedostatka zajedničkog dijaloga između institucija EU i lokalnih dionika razvoja. Kako u EU, tako se i u Hrvatskoj sektor ribarstva suočio s mnogo problema, a osobito devedesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, u vrijeme tranzicije. Neki od njih bili su ozbiljni pad ulova, zastarjela tehnologija i ribarska flota, osiromašenje podmorja, nedostatak razvojnih trendova u marikulturi, nedostatak mjera za razumno iskorištavanje i zaštitu pojedinih vrsta većeg ekonomskog značaja. Razdoblje pregovora za ulazak u EU predstavljalo je ujedno i priliku da hrvatski sektor ribarstva prilagodi svoje ciljeve, mjere i dionike u svrhu dostizanja održivog i međunarodno konkurentnog sektora u budućnosti. Također, članstvo olakšava trgovinu unutar EU zone i značajnu financijsku i tehničku podršku. Struktura potpora iz proračuna i postojeća politika naglašavaju povećanje primjene strukturnih mjera koje bi trebale doprinijeti poboljšanju društvenih, gospodarskih i okolišnih elemenata u ribarstvu.
Son yıllarda Türkiye’nin gündemini oldukça meşgul eden zorunlu göç,
başta siyaset bilimleri olmak üzere çeşitli disiplinler tarafından uyum,
eğitim, güvenlik, sağlık ve toplumsal cinsiyet gibi farklı ...çerçevelerde
tartışılmaktadır. Ancak zorunlu göç olgusunun toplumsal cinsiyet ile
ilişkilendirildiği araştırmalara bakıldığında, çalışmaların, daha fazla
soruna maruz kalmaları nedeniyle çoğunlukla kadınlara odaklandığı
görülmektedir. Sığınmacı erkeklerin büyük ölçüde medyanın etkisiyle
göç alan toplumlarda olumsuz olarak temsil edilmesine eklemlenen bu
durum, erkek sığınmacı deneyiminin görülememesine ve sosyal yardım
uygulamalarının erkeklerin sorunlarına daha az eğilmelerine neden
olmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle bu araştırmanın temel amacı sığınmacı
erkeklerin olumsuz temsilleri nedeniyle görünemeyen sorunlarını analiz
ederek sosyal yardım politikaları temelinde tartışmaktır. Çalışma nitel bir
araştırma biçiminde fenomenolojik olarak desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın
verileri Eskişehir’de ikamet eden farklı uyruklara mensup 17 erkek
sığınmacı ve zorunlu göç alanında çalışan beş saha görevlisinden yarı
yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda
elde edilen bulgular bazı sığınmacı erkeklerin kadınlara benzer bir
biçimde şiddet, ayrımcılık, yoksulluk, işsizlik, emek sömürüsü gibi çeşitli
sosyal sorunlara maruz kaldıklarını göstermektedir. Araştırmada dikkat
çeken bir diğer bulgu ise yaşadıkları dezavantajlı durumlara ve sorunlara
rağmen özellikle bekâr ve refakatsiz sığınmacı erkeklerin sosyal yardım
ve göç düzenlemeleri alanlarından dışlanmaları olmuştur.
U članku su prezentirani rezultati istraživanja o sudionicima savjetovanja s javnošću (e-savjetovanja) o propisima i planskim dokumentima kojima se uređuju organizacija i obavljanje javne arhivske ...službe u Hrvatskoj. Podatci su prikupljeni metodom kvantitativne analize sadržaja pojedinačnih izvješća o provedenim savjetovanjima od 2017. do 2020. godine dostupnih na središnjem mrežnom portalu e-Savjetovanja i popratnih dokumenata. Nakon uvoda slijedi teorijski dio, u kojem je ukratko opisan normativni okvir provedbe e-savjetovanja u Hrvatskoj, arhivski propisi i planski dokument, o kojima je provedeno e-savjetovanje te metodologija istraživanja. Potom su prezentirani rezultati istraživanja te se o njima raspravlja. Prezentirani podatci o broju i strukturi sudionika (fizičke osobe, razne kategorije pravnih osoba) te broju komentara koje upućuju (ukupno i po pojedinom e-savjetovanju) interpretirani su kao važan pokazatelj zainteresiranosti društvene okoline za javnu arhivsku službu, odnosno rad državnih arhiva kojima je njezino obavljanje povjereno. S druge strane, sudjelovanje u e-savjetovanjima pojedinih strukovnih arhivističkih društava, državnih arhiva i njihovih administrativnih i stručnih djelatnika interpretirano je kao pokazatelj zainteresiranosti za jačanje normativne infrastrukture vlastite službe.
Counsellings with the public are in the Croatian context a relatively new instrument of public participation in legislating regulations and other general acts whose characteristics and effects have not been scientifically researched in practice to a greater extent. The aim of the paper is to contribute to these perceptions by the elaboration of a subject i.e. analysing the participants of e-counsellings on regulations
and planning documents that concern organizing and performance of the public archival service in Croatia. The subject is suited for a complete
elaboration, since in the period from 2017 to 2020 the competent Ministry of Culture (renamed in July 2020 Ministry of Culture and Media)
had carried out counsellings via the central internet portal on 8 such legal acts (two laws, five ordinances and one planning document). Apart from the new ordinance on evidences that has yet to be regulated, this constitutes a comprehensive normative and planning framework of the public archival service coordinated with changes in the surroundings where public archives work. The data had been gathered by the method of quantitative analysing of the content of individual reports on conducted
counsellings available on e-Counselling portal, as well as additional documents. The Data on the number and structure of participants (natural
persons, various categories of corporations) and amount of comments they sent (in total and for each e-counselling) are interpreted as an important indicator of the public interest for the public archival service i.e. the work of the state archives who are intrusted with performing it. On the other hand, the participation of individual professional archival societies, state archives and their administrative
and professional employees on e-counsellings is interpreted as the indicator of interest for strengthening of normative infrastructure pertaining to their own service. The total of 412 comments was sent to the analysed e-counsellings, submitted by 56 participants. Since individual procedure of e-counselling is conducted for each legal act, the same natural person or corporation can appear as a participant in several counsellings. Therefore, in the total number of 56 participants individual natural persons or corporations were counted more than once, depending on the number of e-counsellings they participated in. Further analysis established that 40 different natural persons and coorporations
participated in e-counsellings. The largest number of participants, as far as 30 or 75 %, participated in just one e-counselling. Six participants took part in two counsellings (15 %), whereas three counsellings had three participants (7.5 %). Four counsellings had no participants, whereas only one person (2.5 %) took part in five of them,
which is also the largest number of noted participations by the same participant. Research results further show that from the total of 40 various participants of e-councellings 30 of them are natural persons and only 10 corporations. In the process, the natural persons had 43 and
the corporations 13 participations. The same number of persons from the
professional archival community (administrative and professional employees in archives, state archives and professional archival associations) and persons from social environment i.e. interested public
in the broad sense participated in e-counsellings. The former comprises
of 21 participants and the latter has 19 of them. The biggest difference between the two groups concerns the number of participations.
The professional archival community had 35, whereas other interested public 21 participations. The presented results indicate a rather low level of interest of the general public, as well as the professional archival community, for the normative infrastructure of the public archival service. This conclusion is supported by the comparison of the number of participants from both groups with other relevant data, such as the number of creators of documental and archival records under the jurisdiction of state archives i.e. the number of employees in state archives. The authorised ministry and state archives should use this as the basis for re-examination of the current approach in implementing e-counsellings i.e. encourage them to further motivate the professional community and the general public to participate in this segment of their
work. The lower turnout can certainly be put into context of influences
of the e-counsellings that had so far taken place, regarding the formation of the final proposals of legal acts in terms of the level of acceptance of the sent suggestions (comments). Analysis of this segment,
including the content and types of comments (without arguments, with arguments, technical, professional etc.), is only pointed out in this paper as a subject that warrants separate research.
The aim of the article is to outline the conceptual space of education policy of a comprehensive school.
The article deals with the usage of the definitions “policy”, “politics” and “polity” and ...their influence on the definition of “educational policy”. Efforts are being made to distinguish relations between the definitions “public policy” and “educational policy” provided in scientific literature. The authors state that educational policy should be analyzed on several levels: national, regional, local or a particular educational institution’s, e.g., school. The authors conclude that the educational policy of a school has to be considered as a whole of all purposeful actions aimed at the implementation of the strategic goals of a school. This is an activity with the contents comprising the values, priorities, goals and decisions as well as the measures of their implementation. The educational policy of a school is strongly influenced by the context. The most important role in the formulation and implementation of educational policy at a school level belongs to its leader / executive officer whose activities are oriented towards the strategic (and not tactical or administrational) level.
Key words: educational policy, comprehensive school, educational policy of comprehensive school
Svrha rada je prikazati arhivski istražen organizirani kriminal kao dinamiÄan koncept koji se stalno prilagoÄ‘ava promjenama u okolini, a zbog specifiÄne situacije utjecaja politiÄkog i ekonomskog ...okruženja na sve segmente druÅ¡tva ukazati na uvjete koji pogoduju njegovu razvoju. Rad je kroz predmet teme orijentiran na kriminogene faktore i rizike kojima pogoduju specifiÄna politiÄka i s njom povezana ekonomska okruženja unutar RH. Nastavno su prikazane odreÄ‘ene specifiÄnosti, odnosno problematika vezana uz borbu protiv organiziranog kriminala koja se negativno manifestira na stanje sigurnosti u Hrvatskoj te u konaÄnici predstavlja nacionalni problem i znaÄajno opterećenje sustava. Poglavito se to odnosi na problem korupcije i na Äinjenicu da bez potpunog razumijevanja dimenzije njenog utjecaja na druÅ¡tvo u cjelini Hrvatska može podbaciti u svojim naporima sprjeÄavanja i suzbijanja organiziranog i s njime povezanog gospodarskog kriminala. Takav problem nije iskljuÄivo problem sigurnosti pojedinca već i nacionalne sigurnosti, koji zahtijeva strateÅ¡ki ciljano i usklaÄ‘eno djelovanje državnih institucija na svim razinama, osloboÄ‘enim bilo kakvih politiÄkih i inih interesa.
Jelen tanulmány a hazai befektetésösztönzési rendszer, és azon belül kiemelten az egyedi kormánydöntés (EKD) alapján megítélhető vissza nem térítendő készpénz támogatások átalakulását mutatja be ...hazánkban a rendszerváltástól napjainkig, kiemelt tekintettel a 2010 utáni időszakra. A hangsúlyt a fő területi, ágazati és szabályozási változásokra helyezzük, mivel ezeknek a szempontoknak az eddigi kutatások kevés figyelmet szenteltek jelentős szakpolitikai relevanciájuk ellenére. Kutatási kérdéseink, hogy (1) lekövette-e a hazai befektetésösztönzési rendszer a fő globális tendenciákat, (2) a kettős dualitás csökkentéséhez hatékonyan hozzájárult-e, és (3) milyen jövőbeli irányok fogalmazhatók meg a közelmúlt és a jelen folyamatai alapján. A cikkben a legrelevánsabb adatok és szakirodalmi források elemzését követően – egyes esetekben azokat kiegészítve – egy sajátos szempontrendszerbe rendezve mutatjuk be a hazai EKD rendszer átalakulásának szakaszait és az egyes szakaszok főbb jellemzőit. Kiemelt figyelmet fordítunk az elmúlt évtized folyamataira, majd összegző megállapításokat teszünk és következtetéseket vonunk le a jelen és a jövő kapcsán. A tanulmány fő újdonságtartalma a hazai befektetésösztönzési rendszer (azon belül is az EKD támogatások) komplex, folyamatalapú, sajátos szempontrendszerű és a területiséget kiemelő elemzésében és korszakolásában nevesíthető a nemrégiben nyilvánosságra hozott adatbázis (2004-2023 közötti EKD döntések) elemzése mellett. A közelmúlt globális szintű, előre nem látott kihívásai (kiemelten az egészségügyi világjárvány és a szomszédunkban kialakult fegyveres konfliktus) és azok mai napig tartó hatásai (mint például az ellátási láncok akadozása, újraépülése és az energiaválság), valamint az azok kapcsán tett kormányzati intézkedések (a versenyképességnövelő támogatások és a Gyármentő Program) még jobban erősítik a kutatás időszerűségét és szakpolitikai relevanciáját. Reményeink szerint ez a hiánypótló összefoglalás hozzájárul a vizsgált téma és időszak jobb megértéséhez, az összefüggések feltárásához, a jelenlegi és a következő generációk tudásanyagának bővítéséhez és ezáltal további értékes kutatásokhoz és hatékony szakpolitikai beavatkozásokhoz a szakterületen.
Since publication of Hetzel's The Monetary Policy of the Federal Reserve (Cambridge University Press, 2008), the intellectual consensus that had characterized macroeconomics has disappeared. That ...consensus emphasized efficient markets, rational expectations and the efficacy of the price system in assuring macroeconomic stability. The 2008–9 recession not only destroyed the professional consensus about the kinds of models required to understand cyclical fluctuations but also revived the credit-cycle or asset-bubble explanations of recession that dominated thinking in the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. These 'market-disorder' views emphasize excessive risk taking in financial markets and the need for government regulation. The present book argues for the alternative 'monetary-disorder' view of recessions. A review of cyclical instability over the last two centuries places the 2008–9 recession in the monetary-disorder tradition, which focuses on the monetary instability created by central banks rather than on a boom-bust cycle in financial markets.
This book provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of a key concept in East Asian security debates, sovereign autonomy, and how it reproduces hierarchy in the regional order. Park argues that ...contemporary strategic debates in East Asia are based on shared contextual knowledge - that of international hierarchy - reconstructed in the late-nineteenth century. The mechanism that reproduces this lens of hierarchy is domestic legitimacy politics in which embattled political leaders contest the meaning of sovereign autonomy. Park argues that the idea of status seeking has remained embedded in the concept of sovereign autonomy and endures through distinct and alternative security frames that continue to inform contemporary strategic debates in East Asia. This book makes a significant contribution to debates in international relations theory and security studies about autonomy and status, as well as to the now extensive literature on the nature of East Asian regional order.
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