An aldol condensation reaction on oil-in-water (O/W) liquid interfacial plasmonic arrays was developed for sensing volatile aldehydes in alcohols by using an aromatic aldehyde as the probe for ...portable SERS assays. The detection limit was 10
−8
M. The substrate exhibited an RSD value of 6.9%, and the probe showed good selectivity to four common interferences.
Portable SERS sensing volatile aldehydes in alcohols by high-sensitive aldol condensation reaction on liquid-liquid interfacial plasmonic arrays.
The instrumental developments of capillary electrophoresis (CE) over the last decade are reported. This mostly concerns the shift from the bench-top to the portable CE set-up for on-site analyses, ...development of sampling, separation, and detection systems resulting in miniaturized and handheld CE instruments, and downscaling the injection and liquid handling systems for true microsampling. The unattended operation and coupling of sample pretreatment to on-line injection, separation, and quantification, are also reviewed. User-friendly freeware instrument control and data processing, as well as modular construction of low-cost and fully automated CE systems, are covered, too. Last but not least, recent technological innovations, such as 3D printing, and their advancements in the development of novel instruments for CE are also presented. The exceptionally high research activities demonstrated in this article corroborate that even more than 40 years after the introduction of modern CE, the technique is alive and facing new analytical challenges.
•Recent developments in capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrumentation are reviewed.•Injection, detection, and data acquisition systems in CE are overviewed.•Modular, portable, and handheld CE instruments are discussed.•Coupling CE to sample treatment and its automation are covered.•Utilization of 3D printing and other technological innovations in CE are reported.
Solar steaming has emerged as a promising green technology that can address the global issue of scarcity of clean water. However, developing high‐performance, cost‐effective, and manufacturable ...solar‐steaming materials, and portable solar steaming‐collection systems for individuals remains a great challenge. Here, a one‐step, low‐cost, and mass‐producible synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) origami‐based photothermal materials, and an original portable low‐pressure controlled solar steaming‐collection unisystem, offering synergetic high rates in both water evaporation and steam collection, are reported. Due to enhanced areas for vapor dissipation, the PPy origami improves the water evaporation rate by at least 71% to 2.12 kg m−2 h−1 from that of a planar structure and exhibits a solar–thermal energy conversion efficiency of 91.5% under 1 Sun. When further controlling the pressure to ≈0.17 atm in the steaming‐collection unisystem, the water collection rate improves by up to 52% systematically and dramatically. Although partial energy is utilized toward obtaining low‐pressure, evaluations show that the overall energy efficiency is improved remarkably in the low‐pressure system compared to that in ambient pressure. Furthermore, the device demonstrates effective decontamination of heavy metals, bacteria, and desalination. This work can inspire new paradigms toward developing high‐performance solar steaming technologies for individuals and households.
A low‐pressure solar steaming‐collection unisystem based on a polypyrrole origami rose is designed and fabricated, which provides an outstanding evaporation rate of 2.12 kg m−2 h−2 and energy conversion efficiency of 91.5% under 1 Sun. With the unique handheld low‐pressure collection system, water is collected with a rate enhancement of 52%.
A europium-functionalized, dual-emissive, metal–organic framework-based fluorescence sensor (EuUCNDA) was constructed via post-synthetic modification of an UiO-66-type precursor through coordination ...interactions. EuUCNDA exhibited extremely high selectivity and sensitivity for malachite green (MG) with a low detection limit of 13.01 nM, a wide linear concentration range (0.05–50 μM), excellent anti-interference properties, a rapid response (<1 min), and the possibility of recycling. The good sensing performance of EuUCNDA enables the practical detection of MG in fish pond water and grass carp with good recoveries. Moreover, EuUCNDA can be reused for sensing MG and over 90% of fluorescence intensity can be restored after 7 cycles. Furthermore, EuUCNDA-embedded paper-based sensors combined with smartphone imaging afford portable and visual monitoring of MG in real samples. Notably, besides good sensing performance, EuUCNDA could efficiently remove MG from water. Hence, this work provides a recyclable and sensitive fluorescence sensor for portable, visual, rapid detection and efficient removal of MG.
Fityk is portable, open‐source software for nonlinear curve fitting and data analysis. It specializes in fitting a sum of bell‐shaped functions to experimental data. In particular, it enables Pawley ...refinement of powder diffraction data and size–strain analysis.
Accurate identification of acutely toxic and low-fatality mycotoxins on a large scale in a quick and cheap manner is critical for reducing population mortality. Herein, a portable photothermal ...immunosensing platform supported by a microelectromechanical microsystem (MEMS) without enzyme involvement was reported for point-of-care testing of mycotoxins (in the case of aflatoxin B
, AFB
) in food based on the precise satellite structure of Au nanoparticles. The synthesized Au nanoparticles with a well-defined, graded satellite structure exhibited a significantly enhanced photothermal response and were coupled by AFB
antibodies to form signal conversion probes by physisorption for further target-promoted competitive responses in microplates. In addition, a coin-sized miniature NIR camera device was constructed for temperature acquisition during target testing based on advanced MEMS fabrication technology to address the limitation of expensive signal acquisition components of current photothermal sensors. The proposed MEMS readout-based microphotothermal test method provides excellent AFB
response in the range of 0.5-500 ng g
with detection limits as low as 0.27 ng g
. In addition, the main reasons for the efficient photothermal transduction efficiency of Au with different graded structures were analyzed by finite element simulations, providing theoretical guidance for the development of new Au-based photothermal agents. In conclusion, the proposed portable micro-photothermal test system offers great potential for point-of-care diagnostics for residents, which will continue to facilitate immediate food safety identification in resource-limited regions.
•We show a number of latest privacy-preserving two-factor schemes are problematic.•De-synchronization attack is a serious threat to anonymous schemes and deserves attention.•We present a new scheme ...to overcome the identified flaws with nearly no additional cost.•Security and privacy provisions of our scheme can be proved in a widely accepted model.
Due to its simplicity, portability and robustness, two-factor authentication has received much interest in the past two decades. While security-related issues have been well studied, how to preserve user privacy in this type of protocols still remains an open problem. In ICISC 2012, Kim–Kim presented an efficient two-factor authentication scheme that attempts to provide user anonymity and to guard against various known attacks, offering many merits over existing works.
However, in this paper we shall show that user privacy of Kim–Kim’s scheme is achieved at the price of severe usability downgrade – a de-synchronization attack on user’s pseudonym identities may render the scheme completely unusable unless the user re-registers. Besides this defect, it is also prone to known key attack and privileged insider attack. It is noted that our de-synchronization attack can also be applied to several latest schemes that strive to preserve user anonymity. As our main contribution, an enhanced scheme with provable security is suggested, and what we believe is most interesting is that superior security and privacy can be achieved at nearly no additional communication or computation cost. As far as we know, this work is the first one that defines a formal model to capture the feature of user un-traceability and that highlights the damaging threat of de-synchronization attack on privacy-preserving two-factor authentication schemes.
For over 20 years, getting patients electronic copies of their health records has remained an elusive goal. Why have the barriers been so high? And what is the path to a patient-driven health ...information economy?
As patients strive to manage their own health and illnesses, many wonder how to get a copy of their health data to share with their physicians, load into apps, donate to researchers, link to their genomic data, or have on hand just in case. To seek diagnosis or better care (see table), many patients are taking steps outside traditional doctor–patient relationships. Some join 23andMe to obtain genetic information. Others bring data to the Undiagnosed Diseases Network at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Patients are coalescing with others with the same disease in what the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute . . .
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