A wide variety of the roots and tubers plays a major role in human diet, animal feed, and industrial raw materials. Sweet potatoes (SPs) play an immense role in human diet and considered as second ...staple food in developed and underdeveloped countries. Moreover, SP production and management need low inputs compared to the other staple crops. The color of SP flesh varied from white, yellow, purple, and orange. Scientific studies reported the diversity in SP flesh color and connection with nutritional and sensory acceptability. Among all, orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) has been attracting food technologists and nutritionists due to its high content of carotenoids and pleasant sensory characteristics with color. Researchers reported the encouraging health effects of OFSP intervention into the staple food currently practicing in countries such as Uganda, Mozambique, Kenya, and Nigeria. Scientific reviews on the OFSP nutritional composition and role in vitamin A management (VAM) are hardly available in the published literature. So, this review is conducted to address the detailed nutritional composition (proximate, mineral, carotenoids, vitamins, phenolic acids, and antioxidant properties), role in vitamin A deficiency (VAD) management, and different food products that can be made from OFSP.
Orange sweet potato is one of the β‐carotene‐rich food crops and can provide recommended daily allowance of vitamin A in children by consumption of 125 g. It also contains different bioactive components such as β‐cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and anthocyanins. This orange‐fleshed sweet potato is providing the high food security among the poor communities due to its easy adoptability and production; finally, researchers proved that it has the capacity to fight against vitamin A deficiency malnutrition.
Global environmental issues shift crop production to the new conditions. This increases all kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses, beside others also plant diseases. Such changes are also in ...Kazakhstan where potato production is dramatically increasing, and crop is growing in regions with continental climate. Problems with potato virus type Y (PVY) need cultivars with better resistance. Introduction of silencing small interfering RNA (siRNA) is new technology.
experiment was done on potato (
L.) local cultivar Izolda. Results show significant effect of siRNA in decreasing mortality and occurrence of PVY symptoms and allow expansion of potato cultivation to continental climate conditions, where are faced with new virus problems.
•A rotor vibration potato-soil separation method is proposed.•A coupling simulation model of rotor vibration potato-soil separation adopted to DEM-MBD is built.•The optimal parameters of the rotor ...vibration potato-soil separation device are determined via simulation experiment.•The model and optimal parameters of rotor vibration potato-soil separation is verified via field experiment.
A rotor vibration potato-soil separation device (RVPSD) is proposed in view of poor potato-soil separation and higher potato damage rate. Separation efficiency between potatoes and soil and the potato damage rate are selected as evaluation indicators, and a coupling simulation model of potato-soil separation based on Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Multibody Dynamics (MBD) is built up according to structure and working principle of the separation device. The optimal combination of working parameters of the RVPSD is obtained via simulation experiment. The results show that the optimal working parameters of vibration point position, conveying speed of potato-soil separation elevating chain, rotor amplitude and rotor vibration frequency are 646.5 mm, 1.08 m/s, 26.7 mm and 5.9 Hz respectively. The field validation experiment is carried out based on the optimal combination parameters. The results show that the potato-soil separation efficiency and potato damage rate of the RVPSD are 97.8 % and 1.16 % respectively, the field experiment results are basically consistent with the simulation results, which proves the correctness of the simulation model. It can provide theoretical reference for rotor vibration potato-soil separation process simulation and device parameter optimization.
Consumers increasingly desire healthier low-fat snack options. In this study, potato starch served as the substrate, and varying quantities of Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharide (0, 1, 3, and ...5 g/100 g) were added to formula potato chips (FPC). The effect of LBPs on the sensory qualities, oil content, microstructure, and starch properties of FPC-LBPs was examined. The results showed that LBPs resulted in enhanced acceptability, reduced oil content, increased RS content, lower straight-chain starch leaching, and a gradual increase in the composite index (CI) of polysaccharides and starch in FPC-LBPs. The FPC-1LBPs exhibited the highest acceptability compared with the control samples. As the quantity of LBPs increased, the pores and cracks in the FPC-LBPs gradually decreased, and a polysaccharide wrapping layer formed on the surface of starch, which was the primary cause of the decrease in the oil content. With an increase in LBPs addition, the long-range and short-range ordered structure of starch progressively increased, and the hydrogen bonding interaction between LBPs and starch gradually strengthened, resulting in thinner FPC-LBPs. The enthalpy change of starch gradually decreased owing to LBPs, which delayed the pasting of starch and increased the RS content.
•Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharides improved acceptability of formula potato chips.•LBPs inhibited the binding of potato starch and oil.•LBPs lleviated the collapse of starch crystallization zone.•LBPs bound to amylose through hydrogen bonding to form a stable complex structure.
The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of ultrasonic treatment during soaking of potatoes on the physicochemical properties of starches obtained after 16 weeks of germination. The ...ultrasonic treatment showed a direct correlation between sprout length and ultrasonic time. The protein content decreased from 0.63 to 0.38 % and the fat content decreased significantly from 0.31 to 0.01 % after germination. The amylose content changed depending on the ultrasonic treatment, and increased from 36.27 to 40.92 % after 16 weeks of germination, which was related to the amylopectin debranching and the duration of the ultrasonic treatment. X-ray diffraction showed that the nanocrystals with hexagonal structure were not affected by the germination and the duration of ultrasonic treatment. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of the starch granules was not affected by the enzymatic treatment.
The sprouted potato starch resulted in films with better tensile strength and lower water vapor permeability (WVP) compared to the native potato starch films. In addition, the films produced with ultrasound stimulated potato starch exhibited better properties (high strength and low permeability), which is desirable when it comes to controlling moisture exchange between a food product and the surrounding atmosphere.
•Ultrasound stimulate the germination of potatoes.•Germination has no influence on the nanocrystals structure with hexagonalarrangement that occur in potato starch.•Ultrasonic stimulation prior to potato germination increased the viscosity of the starch pastes.•Germinated potato starch reduces the water vapor permeability in thin films.
This book presents the latest knowledge on potato chemistry, including the identification, analysis, and uses of chemical components in potatoes. Beginning with a brief description of potato ...components, the book then delves into their role during processing, then presenting information on strategies for quality optimization that provides students, researchers, and technologists working in the area of food science with recent information and updates on state-of-the-art technologies.
The updated edition includes the latest information related to the identification, analysis, and use of chemical components of potatoes, carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate composition, cell wall chemistry, an analysis of glycoalkaloids, phenolics and anthocyanins, thermal processing, and quality optimization. In addition, new and sophisticated methods of quality determination of potatoes and their products, innovative and healthy potato-based foods, the future of genetically modified potatoes, and the non-food use of potatoes and their products is discussed.
This study discusses the environmental life cycle impacts of potato and tomato supply chains in a “cradle-to-grave” perspective. The principal focus is to evaluate the processed products, while fresh ...products are also briefly discussed. Processed products included are potato-chips, frozen fries and dehydrated flakes, and tomato-pasta sauce. The functional unit (FU) is 1 kg product(s), eaten at the consumer stage. Life cycle assessment (LCA) modeling has utilized multiple mechanistic crop models to estimate the crop yields, crop nutrient uptakes and irrigation water requirements. The farming systems represent the primary crop reporting districts where the selected crops are produced on a commercial scale in the United States. The post-harvest system was constructed utilizing the data collected from a processing plant and from other available studies. LCA modeling also constituted handling of co-products (e.g. starch in potatoes) and biowaste. A wide range of environmental impact categories were selected for the evaluation, which showed environmental differences between fresh and processed products. For instance, global warming potential for potato-fresh, chips, fries and dehydrated was 0.97, 0.85, 1.21 and 0.65 kg CO2-eq/FU respectively. For fresh tomato and tomato sauce, it was 0.74 and 1.5 kg CO2-eq/FU respectively. Likewise, fossil resource scarcity for fresh potatoes was higher than chips and dehydrated flakes, but lower than fries. Water consumption was slightly higher in fresh potatoes compared to the processed products. Similar impact patterns were found in fresh and processed tomato products. For most of the impact categories, processing and the agriculture systems were the major contributors. The contribution from the consumer stage varied with the ways the product is prepared, e.g. whether fries are oven heated or deep-fried in oil. Environmental mitigation measures include, the use of drip irrigation (for potatoes), and reducing: food miles, food waste and the use of secondary packaging materials.
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•Crop yields, nutrient uptakes and irrigation water are simulated using numbers of mechanistic crop models.•The selected Crop Reporting Districts are the primary crop producers of the US (>80% of the production).•Consumer stage contributed 12-47% of the total GHG emissions obtained for the fresh and processed categories.•Variations in the consumer’s contribution depended on the food preparation behavior.•Waste contributed significantly (25-57% of the GHG emissions) for the fresh and processed products.
Potato late blight (causal agent
Phytophthora infestans
) is a disease of potatoes with economic importance worldwide. Control is primarily through field monitoring and the application of fungicides. ...Control of late blight with fungicides and host plant resistance is difficult, with documented cases of such control measures failing with the advent of new pathotypes of
P. infestans
. To better understand host plant resistance and to develop more durable late blight resistance, Quantitative Trait Locus/Loci (QTL) analysis was conducted on a tetraploid mapping population derived from late blight-resistant potato cultivar Palisade Russet. Additionally, QTL analyses for other traits such as Verticillium wilt and early blight resistance, vine size and maturity were performed to identify a potential relationship between multiple traits and prepare genetic resources for molecular markers useful in breeding programs. For this, one hundred ninety progenies from intercrossing Palisade Russet with a late blight susceptible breeding clone (ND028673B-2Russ) were assessed. Two parents and progenies were evaluated over a two-year period for response to infection by the US-8 genotype of
P. infestans
in inoculated field screenings in Corvallis, Oregon. In Aberdeen, Idaho, the same mapping population was also evaluated for phenotypic response to early blight and Verticillium wilt, and vine size and maturity in a field over a two-year period. After conducting QTL analyses with those collected phenotype data, it was observed that chromosome 5 has a significant QTL for all five traits. Verticillium wilt and vine maturity QTL were also observed on chromosome 1, and vine size QTL was also found on chromosomes 3 and 10. An early blight QTL was also detected on chromosome 2. The QTL identified in this study have the potential for converting into breeder-friendly molecular markers for marker-assisted selection.
Summary
Soil salinity and drought limit sweet potato yield. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by peroxidases (PRXs) is essential during plant stress responses, but how PRX expression is ...regulated under abiotic stress is not well understood.
Here, we report that the B‐box (BBX) family transcription factor IbBBX24 activates the expression of the class III peroxidase gene IbPRX17 by binding to its promoter. Overexpression of IbBBX24 and IbPRX17 significantly improved the tolerance of sweet potato to salt and drought stresses, whereas reducing IbBBX24 expression increased their susceptibility. Under abiotic stress, IbBBX24‐ and IbPRX17‐overexpression lines showed higher peroxidase activity and lower H2O2 accumulation compared with the wild‐type. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that IbBBX24 modulates the expression of genes encoding ROS scavenging enzymes, including PRXs.
Moreover, interaction between IbBBX24 and the APETALA2 (AP2) protein IbTOE3 enhances the ability of IbBBX24 to activate IbPRX17 transcription. Overexpression of IbTOE3 improved the tolerance of tobacco plants to salt and drought stresses by scavenging ROS.
Together, our findings elucidate the mechanism underlying the IbBBX24–IbTOE3–IbPRX17 module in response to abiotic stress in sweet potato and identify candidate genes for developing elite crop varieties with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance.
Summary
Drought limits crop development and yields. bHLH (basic helix–loop–helix) transcription factors play critical roles in regulating the drought response in many plants, but their roles in this ...process in sweet potato are unknown.
Here, we report that two bHLH proteins, IbbHLH118 and IbbHLH66, play opposite roles in the ABA‐mediated drought response in sweet potato. ABA treatment repressed IbbHLH118 expression but induced IbbHLH66 expression in the drought‐tolerant sweet potato line Xushu55‐2. Overexpressing IbbHLH118 reduced drought tolerance, whereas overexpressing IbbHLH66 enhanced drought tolerance, in sweet potato.
IbbHLH118 directly binds to the E‐boxes in the promoters of ABA‐insensitive 5 (IbABI5), ABA‐responsive element binding factor 2 (IbABF2) and tonoplast intrinsic protein 1 (IbTIP1) to suppress their transcription. IbbHLH118 forms homodimers with itself or heterodimers with IbbHLH66. Both of the IbbHLHs interact with the ABA receptor IbPYL8. ABA accumulates under drought stress, promoting the formation of the IbPYL8–IbbHLH66–IbbHLH118 complex. This complex interferes with IbbHLH118's repression of ABA‐responsive genes, thereby activating ABA responses and enhancing drought tolerance.
These findings shed light on the role of the IbPYL8–IbbHLH66–IbbHLH118 complex in the ABA‐dependent drought response of sweet potato and identify candidate genes for developing elite crop varieties with enhanced drought tolerance.
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